Ethnic changes in eastern China from ancient times to the present

The history of Northeast China is about 2 years of immigration. Before the Ming Dynasty, Northeast China probably only reached Liaoyang now. When the Manchu entered the customs, the total population of Manchu was less than 2 thousand, but only 7 thousand people could fight. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 2 million people. Due to the unjust cases of Li Zicheng and Yuan Chong, a large part of Han people were alienated. Zhang Xianzhong killed people in Sichuan, and the local people spontaneously helped the Qing Dynasty to destroy Zhang. It can be seen that Manchu entered the Central Plains mainly because of the Han people. Otherwise, even if his population increased tenfold, he could not conquer Daming. The fight against Manchu was mainly in Liaodong and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In those days, Yuan Chong changed the strategy of "raising Liao people with Liao soil and protecting Liao soil with Liao people" and trained "Ning Guan fighters", which repeatedly defeated Manchu and Ningyuan (now Xingcheng, Liaoning Province), and the 3, iron and potassium troops in Nuerhachi were completely annihilated, which cost him his life. However, 7% of the people in Ningyuan participated in the war. It can be seen that since the Ming Dynasty, the immigrants guarding the border have played a positive role in national defense. It is precisely for this reason that the Manchu government stopped a large number of immigrants to the northeast in order to prevent further sinicization of the northeast. The real immigration began in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, which was greatly contributed by Beiyang government, especially Zhang's father and son (Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Xueliang). By the mid-192s, Zhang's father and son had implemented the policy of "consolidating the army and making great efforts to govern", opening mines, repairing railways, building banks and running schools, and actively reclaiming land in Beiman (Heilongjiang) (the experience of land reclamation in Northeast China was fully absorbed by Mao Zedong). It took only 1 years, and the economy in Northeast China played an important role in China, with 85% nationalized railways and 98% nationalized telecommunications equipment. The salary of professors in Northeastern University is six times that of Peking University, about 3, dollars, surpassing that of President Duan Qirui. In 1927, they could produce motors (introducing the most advanced Nordic equipment at that time), and in 193, the first air-conditioned train in Asia was born in Dalian. All these achievements are envied by the Chinese people. Sun Yat-sen, the father of the country, once profoundly reviewed: "After all these years of practicing the Three People's Principles, people's livelihood is not as good as that of the Zhang and his son in the northeast." Many people say that the prosperity of Northeast China is due to the Japanese. In fact, this is too high for the Japanese. In 1929, the Japanese also admitted that all the shares of Manchuria Railway would fall into China's hands within half a year. At that time, the Middle East Railway operated by the Soviet Union was even more alive, which led to the "Middle East Road Incident" for 3 years. Zhang Xueliang was eager to recover the Middle East Railway and caused a military conflict. Before September 18th, Japanese investment in Northeast China was very small, and the only "investment" was military, but it was later discovered that Zhang Zuolin had cheated Japan and turned against it. After Japan occupied the northeast, it did invest a lot, but most of them supported the war by fighting, and the people in the northeast did not enjoy any benefits. For political reasons, the history of the development of Northeast China in the 192s has been concealed to some extent, resulting in many China people and even Northeasters not knowing about the achievements of Northeast China at that time, and they mistakenly gave the Japanese the glory of the Northeast economy. How can Zhang Dashuai be satisfied with his grave? Fortunately, now that some information has gradually become public, we can know some facts.

Let's talk about the far-reaching influence of northeast immigrants on modern China politics. This is also the top priority of this article. Due to the successful development history of Northeast China, the political situation of the three northeastern provinces has undergone qualitative changes that have not happened for thousands of years. Because Beiyang government and Zhang's father and son immigrated to Northeast China in an organized, purposeful and packed manner from Shandong, Hebei and even Henan and Anhui with a population of 3 million per year, the population structure of Heilongjiang and Jilin changed fundamentally, which was a fatal blow to Russia and Japan's Manchuria strategy. Shortly after September 18th, Japan organized to immigrate to Northeast China at the rate of 3, people per year, but by 1945, there were as many as 45 million immigrants from China in Northeast China, while there were only 2.6 million Japanese, although they had become the largest ethnic minority in Northeast China. In the 192s, Japan publicly instigated a large number of Koreans to immigrate to Jilin, confronting the immigrants from the Northeast, which eventually led to the Baoshan Road incident in Jilin, leaving Koreans estranged from the Northeast. Yanbian area in Jilin did not exist at all in the 192s, which was thought to be caused by Japanese immigrants from North Korea to prevent the China of Northeast China. Some historical issues, in view of the sensitivity of ethnic policies, have not yet been revealed. I hereby declare that I have no malice towards my Korean compatriots. As a result of these tens of millions of immigrants from Northeast China, the so-called "internationalization of Manchuria" between Japan and Russia has become a mirage. In the 194s, Japan tried to use the Manchu complex to alienate the Northeastern people from the Japanese people in Guanli. As for how the Manchus expressed their views, I don't know much, but the Han people in Northeast China don't buy it. In 1945, the Red Army of the Soviet Union occupied the Northeast, and the reason why it gave up its ambition to annex the two provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang was because these fellow villagers from Shandong and Hebei, who wielded hoes and hoes, had spread all over every province, city and village in the three northeastern provinces, and it was too late for him to take it. Ironically, in China's history, there was hardly a time when it was successfully fought from Guanli to Guanwai by military means. This last time, it was the simple and honest farmers in China who completely conquered Baishan Blackwater and went straight to Huanglong. What did China have at that time? No good guns, no good guns, no good government and no good army. The only resource was people.

continue to deepen along the axis of history. In 1929, the Northeast changed its flag. Zhang Xueliang had long expected that there would be a war in the Northeast sooner or later. It took less than half a year to quickly move the artillery factory and shipyard to the south of the Yangtze River, and gave the students of the Northeast Army navy and air force he trained to Chiang Kai-shek without stopping, becoming the backbone of the Kuomintang navy and air force in the future. It is no accident that the Northeast Army made the choice of changing history in 29 years, supporting Chiang Kai-shek for the second time during the Central Plains War, and launching the Xi 'an Incident. In fact, long before the change of the flag, Guo Songling, a general of the Feng Department, tried to take the lead in defecting to Sun Yat-sen in 1926, and finally failed. All this is aimed at avoiding civil war. The Northeast Army is not unable to fight. In those days, it was only 2, troops, and its power has been developed to Shanghai. Although the Japanese once gave help, Wu admired and Sun Chuanfang did not have imperialist backing, and even the Northern Expeditionary Army was fully supported by the Soviet Union. Just because many young generals in Feng Department are mostly professional officers, they can better understand the sinister intentions of imperialism in the northeast, and they have a deep dislike of civil war. Zhang Zuolin has 28, troops and Lin Biao has 1 million, but it has not crossed the Yangtze River and swept China. The Xi 'an Incident actually saved Chiang Kai-shek, otherwise, the young soldiers of the Northeast Army would soon collectively defect to the Red Army, which would make the situation even more difficult to clean up. The assassination of Wang Yizhe, the commander of the army, has fully illustrated this point. Due to the Xi 'an Incident, the Northeast Army went to the south for training and consolidation, participated in the two battles in Shanghai and went to Myanmar. Only Wan Yi and Lv Zhengcao led the whole division and regiment to the Eighth Route Army, which should be a reasonable ending and conducive to the overall situation of the anti-Japanese war. Yu Xuezhong, the commander of the army, was in Gansu, and even the grand event in Northeast China was known in Xinjiang to firmly control this land in the hands of China people. From the December 29th Movement of Northeastern University to 194, the male and female students of Northeastern University who were exiled to Chongqing wrote bloody books and joined the army collectively, which set off a nationwide army of 1, students, all of which reflected the success of modern humanities education in Northeast China. There is a film about a female student from Northeastern University who joined the army, participated in the training of national military agents, and then sent to Nanjing to carry out assassination missions. The whole film is based on "My home is on the Songhua River in Northeast China", which is quite touching.

in 195s, the whole northeast became the economic and military supply base of the Korean War. From 5 years to 8 years, the three northeastern provinces have been the industrial arteries of China. In the past 3 years, thousands of large enterprises have moved from the northeast to the central south, southwest and northwest regions of the motherland, and a large number of cadres, engineers and technicians and industrial workers from the northeast have been imported, which has greatly promoted local industrialization and improved the quality of the local population. The descendants of these Northeasters are all over Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian and Guangdong. This is the reason why many local children speak Mandarin with a Northeast accent even if their parents are southerners. According to my conscience, China's industrial scale can have today's scale, and the early immigrants from Northeast China have contributed greatly to it. They were kind to New China and sent their blood to the motherland free of charge. The planned economic system made most state-owned enterprises' equipment obsolete and failed to be updated in time. Nowadays, the old industrial areas in Northeast China are facing the same difficulties as Russia and Eastern Europe. This is a common problem in the system transition, and it has no direct connection with the people in Northeast China. Isn't Russia's population quality so high that it has not achieved remarkable results? Some problems need time to solve. Nowadays, the Northeast is facing difficulties. Anyone with a conscience and a good education should respond with sympathy and help, because this is a debt owed by the country to the Northeast, and they should be compensated. Although the old industrial areas in the northeast seem to be heavy-footed, in the market economy and the tide of peacocks flying southeast, the northeast people are quite aggressive. Their performances in Shanghai, Guangdong and Hainan are quite good, and even the smart local southern businessmen have to give their thumbs up. At least for now, the people who can compete with southerners are mainly from the Northeast. Go to Shenzhen and see how many big bosses speak Northeast dialect. Locals say that Wenzhou helps (my hometown) to do small business, while Northeast helps to do big business. Even in North America, there are also the largest number of Northeasters who are engaged in international grain and oil, clothing factories and real estate. Last year, Forbes ranked among the top 1 richest people, and Northeastern nationals accounted for four, and they are still on the list this year.

Next, let's talk about the character of the Northeastern people. Generally speaking, they still belong to a generous class. They are in college and work, but every Northeastern person can't find them for things that are embarrassing, bad or harmful. Of course, individual elements are not excluded. They are persistent in doing things, helping their friends without expecting anything in return, warm-hearted, generous, and have no bad intentions, and there are many student cadres. Even many southerners, including myself, like to make friends with Northeasters, because they are often sincere and full of human feelings. There is an indisputable fact that among southerners, whether they marry the north or marry the north, the Northeasters are the most. Especially after liberation, the proportion of Northeasters who marry the north and the south is as high as 75%, and that of some provinces and regions is as high as 85%. At the beginning of liberation, only the People's Liberation Army went south in the four fields, and northerners from the Middle East accounted for the vast majority of millions of troops. Their descendants were millions in Guangdong and Fujian alone. Nowadays, influenced by the market economy, there are more and more swindlers in the Northeast. My father was cheated by the Northeast, and my sister is still bitter about the Northeast, but where are the bad guys? Are there still fewer swindlers in Zhejiang? Southerners only have a big opinion about the Northeasters, because they have the most dealings with the Northeasters and too little dealings with the Northerners from other places, and find that they are indeed our powerful opponents. Northeasters used to go to the Kanto, but now the Raptors cross the river to fight for Shanghai, dominate Guangdong, live in Hainan and travel to North America, which is worthy of their ancestors and their elders. Did not give China people the dark. Overseas, in addition to our fellow villagers in Wenzhou, we are sincere and United, that is, our compatriots in Northeast China dare to fight and dare to fight, not afraid of violence, which is in stark contrast to the negative image of cowardice and gentleness in the local hometown of overseas Chinese. Zhang Xueliang, a young marshal, can best reflect the quality of the northeast people. In 1994, I watched an interview with NHK in Japan. Japanese reporters asked him if he hated Chiang Kai-shek. He said, "I don't hate him. My ending is so miserable. In the final analysis, it was caused by Japanese aggression against China. How can I hate Chiang Kai-shek? Yes, we have differences in methods, but we are highly consistent in resisting Japan and saving the country." I was quite moved by this. Zhang Xueliang was worthy of Chiang Kai-shek, and he didn't complain to Chiang Kai-shek until his death. The friend of the generalissimo was right. The population of the three northeastern provinces is nearly 1 million, the industrial population is 8%, and the proportion of college students is very high. The top three are Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, followed by Liaoning (1 college student in 4, people) and Jilin (1 college student in 4,7 people), and then Jiangsu (1/6,) and Zhejiang (1/6,5). Northeast China is vast in territory, rich in resources, rich in talents, and developed in heavy industry. Up to now, there are 1 million mu of wasteland in Heilongjiang, leaving it to China to feed the last 6 million people. American agricultural experts recently said that if the three northeastern provinces are intensively cultivated, they can feed 1.5 billion people in China. In fact, Northeast China is now the largest commodity grain base in China, with hundreds of millions of mu of black land and extremely rich mineral content. No wonder southerners have grown up in Northeast China. Our border is still in the traditional Liaoyang. You need a visa to travel to Songhua River, Sun Island and Changbai Mountain.

The real development history of Northeast China is less than 2 years. It is the credit of Northeast China and the pride of all China people that it can develop to this day under the harsh international environment and be permanently included in the Chinese territory. Among China people, the Northeast people are very bloody. In the United States and France, Northeasters who dare to fight hooligans and robbers bear the brunt, and some are even women. In addition, compatriots in Sichuan and Hunan also performed well. In recent years, it has been said that more and more southerners have gone to the Northeast to do business, especially the Wenzhou gang in Zhejiang, and even the local Northeasters say that these southerners are the fourth generation to travel to the East. It is said that the Harbin municipal government has specially solved the problems of food, clothing, housing, transportation and identity for the families and children of these people. I am very touched. Being in a foreign land, what you need is this warmth. I remember the program "Love between the Two Rivers" co-organized by Zhejiang TV and Heilongjiang TV in the Spring Festival. I like it very much and hope to continue it. I'm proud that Wenzhou people can play the role of the fourth generation. In the future, the China government plans to emigrate 5 million yuan to the northwest and 2 million yuan to the northeast. I think southerners and North Chinese will make up the vast majority of these 2 million people.

Any conscientious and rational China people will be proud that China has three northeastern provinces and 1 million northeast compatriots. Here, once again, I would like to extend my highest respect to my compatriots from Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and Zhejiang who have made great contributions to the development of the Northeast, as well as the compatriots of Manchu, Mongolian, Korean and Hui, the aborigines of the Northeast. You are the backbone of the Chinese nation and the pride of China people, and history will always remember you.