What is the geographical profile of Guangdong?

Guangdong is located at the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, bordering Fujian in the east, Jiangxi and Hunan in the north, Guangxi in the west, the South China Sea in the south and Hainan across Qiongzhou Strait in the southwest. The whole territory is located between 2013'-25 31'north latitude and19 39'-1719' east longitude, and the Tropic of Cancer runs through the central part of the province. Guangdong has a land area of 6.5438+0.8 million square kilometers, accounting for 654.38+0.87% of the national land area. South of the South China Sea, the coastline is 3368 kilometers long and there are many islands. The whole province is located in low latitude, and the Tropic of Cancer runs through the middle of the land. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, with mountains, plains and hills crisscrossing. Most rivers flow from north to south, mainly the Pearl River, Hanjiang River and Jianjiang River. The longest Pearl River is formed by the confluence of Xijiang River, Beijiang River and Dongjiang River, with a total length of 2 122km, making it the third largest river in China. The geographical location of the south gate and both land and sea makes Guangdong's shipping and trade develop at the earliest and last for a long time, and become an important port for China's foreign trade.

Guangdong is bordered by Nanling in the north and Nanhai in the south, which is high in the north and low in the south. Mountains, plains and hills crisscross the territory, and most rivers flow from north to south. The main rivers are Pearl River, Hanjiang River and Jianjiang River. With a total length of 2 122km, the Pearl River is the third largest river in China, where Xijiang River, Beijiang River and Dongjiang River meet. The Pearl River Delta and Hanjiang River Delta along the South China Sea are famous for their fertile land and rich products.

Guangdong is located in subtropical zone, and most areas belong to subtropical monsoon climate. It's long in summer and warm in winter, with abundant rainfall. The average annual rainfall is 1, 500-2,000mm, and the average annual evaporation is 1, 000- 1, 200mm, which is a humid area. The annual average temperature rises from about 19℃ in northern Guangdong to over 23℃ in the southern Leizhou Peninsula, and the annual average sunshine hours range from 1750 hours to 2200 hours from north to south. Lush vegetation, full of vitality all year round.

At the end of the year, the land area of the whole province was179,800 square kilometers; Cultivated land area is 3.037 million hectares; Woodland area10176,000 hectares, and forest coverage rate is 57.4%. Known as "seven mountains, one water and two fields", the mountains with an altitude of more than 500 meters account for 3 1.68%, hills for 28.54%, mountains for 16. 12%, plains for 23.66% and rivers for1.

The theoretical reserves of hydraulic resources in the province are 6.5438+00728 million kilowatts, of which the exploitable installed capacity is 6.655 million kilowatts, accounting for about 62% of the theoretical reserves.

Guangdong has a vast sea area, long coastline, vertical and horizontal river networks, numerous ponds and weirs, and abundant aquatic resources. In addition to fishing surface, there are 448,000 hectares of freshwater aquaculture and 775,700 hectares of seawater aquaculture in the province. Freshwater aquaculture mainly includes bighead carp, bighead carp, silver carp, shad, carp and other fish species; Mariculture mainly includes shrimp, oysters and so on.

The province has 350 million cubic meters of standing trees, with a forest coverage rate of 57.4%. There are many kinds of plants, more than 5,000 species, including about 54 rare plants, among which Dalbergia, Dalbergia and Phoebe bournei are world-famous rare tree species. There are more than 770 species of animals, 22 of which are listed as national protected animals. In order to protect various representative natural landscapes, vegetation types and rare wild animals and plants, the province has established more than 60 nature reserves, of which Dinghu Mountain in Zhaoqing is listed as a world nature reserve.

Guangdong has complex geological structure, scattered rock strata and rich mineral resources. At present, 130 species are known, of which 9 1 species have proven reserves, most of which are non-ferrous metals. China has two kinds of reserves: germanium and peat. The second place is pyrite, aluminum, bismuth, thallium, silver and oil shale. There are seven kinds of niobium, tantalum and selenium in the third place. Guangdong Nanhai Oilfield, including the Pearl River Estuary and the great basin of Beibu Gulf, has ten proven oil and gas fields, with a vast area and abundant reserves, which has broad practical development prospects.

Guangdong is located in the low latitude, which makes Guangdong have a large solar altitude angle all year round, and obtains more solar radiation and abundant heat. Except for the mountainous area in northern Guangdong, which belongs to the tropical climate in Central Asia, most areas belong to the subtropical and tropical monsoon climate types. The climate is warm and the rainfall is abundant. The annual average temperature is 22.7℃, and the average sunshine hours 1750-2200 hours. The annual rainfall is1500-2000mm. The frost-free period is long, and agricultural production in most areas can be two or three times a year. Pearl River Delta and Hanjiang Delta, with fertile land and rich products, are important agricultural producing areas in China, especially the Pearl River Delta, with developed commodity economy and well-known rich areas in China.

Guangdong is a multi-ethnic province. In addition to the Han nationality, there are 42 ethnic minorities living in the territory, including Yao, Zhuang, Hui, Manchu, She, Li and Miao, accounting for about 0.6% of the province's population.

Guangdong is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China. At present, there are about 20 million overseas Chinese in Guangdong in more than 0/00 countries and regions on five continents, accounting for about 70% of the total overseas Chinese in the world. Overseas Chinese mainly come from Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, the United States, Singapore, Canada, the Philippines, Australia, Britain and Peru. There are about 20 million returned overseas Chinese and their relatives. Overseas Chinese organizations in Guangdong have great scale and influence, such as the World Hakka Congress, the International Tide Society and the World Zhongshan Middle School Students' Association. In addition, Guangdong is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and there are about 5 million Hong Kong and Macao compatriots whose ancestral home is Guangdong. The vast number of overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have always loved the motherland, especially since the implementation of reform and opening up in China, they have actively supported and participated in the socialist modernization in their hometown and made certain contributions to the economic development of Guangdong.

In, Guangdong Province adhered to the policy of coordinating urban and rural areas and "giving more, taking less and letting loose", and took effective measures to stabilize grain production, promote agricultural development and increase farmers' income. The total agricultural output value of the province (current price) is 2154.79 million yuan, an increase of 4.51%over the previous year; Among them, the output value of planting industry was 95.997 billion yuan, an increase of 5.65%; The forestry output value is 665,438+72 million yuan. An increase of 3.36%; The output value of animal husbandry was 57 1.09 billion yuan, an increase of/kloc-0.82%; The fishery output value was 46.645 billion yuan, an increase of 4.77%; The output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services was 9.556 billion yuan, an increase of 7.8%. The added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery12665438+42 million yuan, an increase of 4.2%; The per capita net income of rural residents was 4,365.87 yuan, an increase of 4%.

Grain production remained stable, the grain production area expanded, and the total output remained basically stable in the year of major disasters. The production area of abandoned arch land in the province has been restored to 6.5438+0.59 million hectares, and the area of medium and low yield fields has been transformed to 6.5438+0.2 million hectares; 57,000 large grain growers were directly subsidized, benefiting an area of 6.5438+0.8 million hectares, which mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain. The province's grain planting area was 2,763,500 hectares, an increase of 0.43% over the previous year. After four consecutive years of decline, it showed a good momentum of increase for the first time. Despite the severe disasters in the early stage, the total grain output still reached 15 123400 tons, an increase of 0.63%.

Animal and plant epidemic prevention has achieved results. In spring, agricultural departments at all levels carried out prevention and control work, successfully controlled and quickly extinguished the epidemic, cut off the transmission route of the epidemic, and prevented the epidemic from spreading to people, which was praised by the Ministry of Agriculture and commended by the provincial party committee and government. Strengthen the monitoring and prevention of other major animal epidemics, strengthen the monitoring of animal epidemics, and standardize the epidemic reporting and work notification system; Do a good job in animal immunization and improve immune density; Formulating an emergency plan and establishing an emergency reserve system for epidemic prevention materials have provided a guarantee for the prevention and control of major animal diseases.

The income of rural residents continued to increase. In 2004, the per capita net income of rural residents in the province was 4,365.87 yuan, an increase of 3 1 1.29 yuan over the previous year, with an increase of 7.7%, which was the biggest increase since 1998. After deducting the price factor, the actual growth was 4.0%, 0.6 percentage points faster than the previous year. With the rapid development of the secondary and tertiary industries in the province, the number of migrant workers in rural areas has increased, and the wage arrears of migrant workers by enterprises have been greatly improved. The per capita wage income of rural residents engaged in labor services is 2 1 732654,38+0, an increase of 207.43 yuan, which is the main factor to increase income. The income of rural residents at different levels has increased rapidly. Divided into five equal groups according to the per capita income level of farmers (each group accounts for 20% of the total number of households), the per capita net income of high-income farmers is 9580.77 yuan, an increase of 8.3%; The middle and high income farmers were 5090.37 yuan, the middle income farmers were 3768.57 yuan, and the middle and low income farmers were 2800.57 yuan, which increased by 7.6%, 8.0% and 8.6% respectively. Due to the agricultural tax relief and direct grain subsidy policies, the income level of low-income farmers rose to 1657.87 yuan, an increase of 4.0% over the previous year. The proportion of needy households with per capita net income below 1500 yuan decreased from 7.0% in the previous year to 6.4%.

Pan-Pearl River Delta regional agricultural cooperation and export-oriented agriculture maintained a good development trend. In 2004, the joint meeting system of Pan-Pearl River Delta regional agricultural cooperation was established, and the organization and leadership mechanism and convergence implementation system for strengthening Pan-Pearl River Delta regional agricultural cooperation were established. Organize the drafting, revision and review of the Pan-Pearl River Delta regional agricultural cooperation framework agreement, and put forward short-term and medium-and long-term work objectives. Organize the first Pan-Pearl River Delta Regional Economic and Trade Forum-"Promotion Meeting of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Processing Projects" and undertake the 2004 Guangdong Agricultural Products Fair (Chengdu). Develop internationally competitive agricultural products, strengthen quality and safety management and expand exports. The province's fruit exports increased by 37.8% over the previous year, and the thinning of vegetables increased by 24.7%, which became a new growth point of Guangdong's foreign exchange earning agriculture.

The management level of agricultural industrialization has improved, and governments at all levels have increased their support for the cultivation of leading agricultural enterprises. The number of key agricultural leading enterprises has increased, the articles of association have been expanded, the strength has been enhanced, and the radiation-driven ability has been improved. There are 20 provincial leading agricultural enterprises and 5 provincial leading agricultural enterprises for poverty alleviation. There are 1083 leading agricultural enterprises supported by all levels in the province, including 29 national leading agricultural enterprises, 0/05 provincial leading agricultural enterprises, and 0/50 enterprises with annual sales income of 1 100 million yuan or more. 1083 leading enterprises led 2.65 million farmers, with an increase of 5 1 100 million yuan, with an average increase of 1926 yuan. The pilot scope of farmers' specialized cooperative economic organizations was expanded, the internal management system was gradually improved, and the development was accelerated. There are 1042 farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations in the province, which drive 830,000 farmers, with members of 1 100000. The average income of members is above 10%, which is higher than the average income of farmers in the whole province.

Strengthen the comprehensive development of agriculture. In the whole year, China invested 3 1 10,000 yuan in comprehensive agricultural development, built 33,700 hectares of high-standard farmland, increased grain production capacity by 73,000 tons, supported industrialized management projects 1 1, and increased farmers' income by 260 million yuan. The construction of agricultural modernization demonstration zones in the eastern and western regions and northern Guangdong is progressing smoothly, the demonstration radiation effect is gradually emerging, the agricultural production conditions in the demonstration zone are improved, the land output rate and labor productivity are gradually improved, and the farmers' income is higher than that in the surrounding areas; The construction of various modern agricultural parks in the Pearl River Delta has been steadily advanced.

New progress has been made in the quality and safety of agricultural products, and the "Pollution-free Food Action Plan" has been fully implemented. The agricultural sector has established 7 1 provincial agricultural standardization demonstration zones and a number of municipal agricultural standardization demonstration zones, and organized the formulation of10/provincial agricultural standards. The safest agricultural product quality testing centers (stations) have been established in 2/kloc-0 prefecture-level cities, 56 counties and 27 large-scale agricultural product wholesale markets in the province, and the agricultural product quality and safety monitoring system has been further improved. The quality certification of agricultural products has developed rapidly, with 660 provincial pollution-free agricultural products bases certified and products 1206; Green food enterprise 1 10, with 224 products within the validity period; A total of 1 16 "Guangdong famous brand products (agriculture)" was awarded. Rectify and standardize the agricultural market order, the special rectification of tetramine has achieved the expected goal, and the quality and safety accidents have been greatly reduced.

New achievements have been made in agricultural science and technology, the implementation effect of the agricultural bill of the provincial people's congress is obvious, and the pilot reform of the grass-roots agricultural technology extension system has been started. Projects such as "Yue Yue Plan", "948 Plan", "Fertile Soil Project", "Plant Protection Project" and "Seed Project" continued to be implemented, advanced and applicable technologies were widely used, and the transformation rate and speed of scientific and technological achievements were improved. The coverage rates of main crops, poultry and pigs in the province are 93%, 85% and 95% respectively. Major breakthroughs have been made in agricultural science and technology going to the countryside and training. Throughout the year, we went deep into scientific and technical personnel 1 10000, served farmers 1.62 million, held 3300 training courses and trained 360,000 farmers.

New breakthroughs have been made in poverty alleviation and development, and the decision of the provincial party committee and government to implement the "Ten Popular Projects" has been seriously implemented. 14 cities and 80 counties (cities, districts) have started the rural housing project in an all-round way. 390 million yuan was raised in the whole year, and 23,600 households in 347 villages were transformed according to the whole village. The "Dayu Cup" farmland capital construction competition has achieved remarkable results, benefiting 173 poor villages. The renovation of resettlement houses in provincial reservoirs was rapidly promoted, and the resettlement houses started 1.6 million households. Industrialization has achieved good results in poverty alleviation. Leading enterprises in poverty alleviation agriculture have driven 230,000 poor farmers, with an average income of 2,400 yuan. Counterpart assistance in economically developed cities in the Pearl River Delta and poverty alleviation linked to provincial organs have developed in breadth and depth. The activities of "Ecological Home Livestock People Plan" and "One Country, One Product" have been solidly promoted, which has promoted the construction of farmland ecological environment, gradually formed leading products, and driven a group of farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.

The level of rural collective assets and financial management has been improved, and the reform of property rights relations and distribution system of rural collective assets has been steadily promoted. Innovate the rural financial management and supervision system, and 60% of the villages in the province implement the accounting appointment, employment or agency system; More than 20% of villages implement computerized management of agricultural economy. The contents of rural financial disclosure are gradually standardized, with 96% of villages implementing financial disclosure and nearly 60% realizing standardized disclosure. The democratic management system of rural finance has been gradually improved, the audit and supervision of the collective economy have been strengthened, and the supervision and suspension of rural collective assets and financial management have been institutionalized and standardized.