American rule and management of Hexi region in Xixia: the westward expansion of Zhou Xia regime

After the Tangut people moved in, they got a better living environment, lived with the Han nationality and other ethnic groups in the northwest, accepted the Han culture and advanced production technology, and greatly developed the relations of production and productivity. The establishment of the Xia regime gradually strengthened the strength of the United States, expanded westward, unified Hexi region, and created favorable conditions for the establishment and development of the Republic of China. I. Establishment and Development of Political Power At the end of Tianbao, Tuo Ba Jishou, the leader of Xia Ping Department, was promoted to be the secretariat of Rongzhou and the ambassador of Tianzhu for his meritorious service in quelling the Anshi rebellion. Later, he was awarded the position of secretariat of Lingzhou. After his death, his descendants attacked him. At the end of Huang Chao in the Tang Dynasty, Tuoba Sigong, the head of the Ministry, made an appointment with Li Xiaochang, our envoy, to attack Huang Chao and Zhou. Loyal ministers took Sigong as their envoy, attacked Xiagong, gave Li the surname, set up a difficult army, and ruled the land of Xia, Sui, Yin, You and Jing. From then on. During the Five Dynasties, Li, a native of Xixia, lived in a remote corner in the northwest. He made full use of various contradictions to strengthen his strength and safeguard his vital interests. On the one hand, it successively belonged to the regimes of Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou and Northern Han in the Central Plains. On the other hand, he tried to get rid of the shackles of the Central Plains dynasty. In the fourth year of Changxing in the late Tang Dynasty, Li Renfu died and his son Yi Chao stayed behind. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Mingzong sent troops to attack Zhou Xia in an attempt to force the Li Dynasty to leave Zhou Xia for annexation. Li American's military resistance, he withdrew his own army, and conferred the title of Li Yi Situ, and appointed him as the special envoy of our army. In the second year of Qing Dynasty at the end of Tang Dynasty, after Li Yichao's death, his brother Li Yiyin succeeded to the throne. In the later Jin Dynasty, Li Yiyou was appointed as the southwest ambassador of Qidan, and in the first year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty, he was appointed as the king of Xiping. After Tuoba Sigong occupied Zhou Xia at the end of the Tang Dynasty, after five generations, the Tangut people in Tuoba took advantage of the feudal regime and gradually developed their own strength. By the end of the latter Zhou Dynasty, the local separatist forces with Zhou Xia as the center were formed. Within its jurisdiction, develop production, collect taxes and appoint officials. As Mitchell commented: Although summer is not a country, it has long been a king's land! The development of the political power In 960 AD, after the establishment of the political power, Li Yiyin sent a special envoy to congratulate him, evaded Zhao Fu and changed his country name to Yixing. After his death, he was posthumously named Wang Xia, and Ziguangrui and Sun Jijun were successively appointed as our envoys to the Yugoslav Army. In the seventh year of Song Taiping's rejuvenation of the country, there were contradictions within the Tangut regime due to inheritance. On May 18, the newly appointed South Army Li Jipeng led the crowd into the DPRK. Chen Kundi was bitter and willing to stay in the capital, so he offered the land under the jurisdiction of five States. So the Song Dynasty easily acquired the territory inherited by Li in Xixia for generations. Li Jipeng's attachment to Emperor Xian of Song Dynasty led to a sharp division within the Tangut. At that time, Xiahou _' s younger brother Li Jipeng was appointed as the commander-in-chief of our army. He refused to move in, so he stayed in Yinzhou and asked his younger brother Ji Chong to discuss countermeasures with his cronies Zhang Pu. After taking Zhang Pu's advice, he decided to avoid Mobei, get married, contact friends and start over. As a result, dozens of Li's cronies fled to Dijinze, three hundred miles northeast. Based on this, he contacted and won the support of the chief and unified most of the party's articles. From then on, Li fought against the Song Dynasty independently. Four years, three ups and downs, and the Song Dynasty suffered repeated defeats. After many failures, Li Ji

From the Song Dynasty to the first year of Daoism, Li constantly sent troops to harass Ling and Xia, which contained a large number of troops in the Song Dynasty. These military actions beneficial to Liao were encouraged by Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao. In three years, Liao made Li the king of Xiping. After Li ascended the throne, he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of our difficult army, governing Xia, Sui, Yin and You. After Li recovered his homeland, he sent troops to invade the northwest frontier of Song Dynasty every year. In March of five years, with the support of the Liao Dynasty, Li once again assembled heavy troops to capture Lingzhou. Lingzhou is located in the west of Zhou Xia, backed by Helan Mountain, facing the Yellow River, with vast territory and abundant resources, beautiful mountains and rivers, deep water and thick soil, and lush vegetation. There is a river in the north, clear in the south and Hexi Corridor in the west. After the party elected Lingzhou, Lingzhou was promoted to Xiping Prefecture, becoming the overlord as the enterprising capital and the strategic base for westward expansion. 2. Since the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, due to the disintegration of the Tubo regime, the demise of the Uighur khanate in Mobei and the westward movement of the Uighur tribes, several separatist regimes were formed in Hexi area in the early Song Dynasty, namely, the Tubo Six Valley Alliance with Liangzhou as the center, the Ganzhou Uighur regime with Ganzhou as the center, and the Cao regime in which the former rebel army occupied Guashazhou. All three regimes sent envoys to the Song Dynasty, but due to the obstruction of Tubo and Tangut tribes in Longyou, they moved from Chang 'an to Bianjing. This is the Silk Road connecting China and the West in the Five Dynasties and the Early Song Dynasty. Hexi region is located in the main road of communication between China and the West, with rich water plants and fertile land. Therefore, since Li, the main purpose of the expansion of the Tangut forces to the west is to compete with Ganzhou Uighur and Liangzhou Tubo for control of Hexi region, lay a territorial foundation and prepare conditions for the founding of Xixia. When Ganzhou was captured in the early Northern Song Dynasty, there were several types of Uighur, such as Ganzhou, Shazhou and Xizhou, among which Ganzhou Uighur was close to Xixia. Ganzhou is the seat of Uyghur Zhang Yajiao. Located in the northwest of Liangzhou, there is the Yellow River in the east, weak water in the west, Qinghai in the south and Juyan in the north, stretching for thousands of miles. Qiang Qu, which crosses the western regions, is rich in aquatic plants and animal husbandry, and has long been coveted by immigrants and Deming. Ganzhou Uighur is the main separatist force in Hexi region, with many tribes, wide distribution and elite troops. Ganzhou Uighur and Zhou Xia fought and lost. Every time envoys were sent to pay tribute, they were plundered by Zhao Deming, so Ganzhou Uighur also attached to the Song Dynasty to fight against the Tangut. Li Deming regarded Uighur as a serious threat and sent troops to attack Ganzhou six times. In the first year of Jian 'an in the first month of Dazhong Prefecture, Deming sent Zhang Pu to plunder Ganzhou on a tribe, and Uighur Khan sent troops to resist at night, but Zhang Pu did not win. In March of the same year, Deming sent Wanzi and other four armies to learn that their soldiers had taken Liugu and entered Ganzhou. Seeing that Liu was not strong, he turned around and went west to attack Ganzhou Uighur. In August of the same year, Deming's invasion of Ganzhou failed, and Ganzhou soldiers pursued him. Deming can't refuse, and the more he walks, the more free he is. In April of the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu, Deming was furious at his soldiers' repeated battles and defeats, and sent Zhang Pu to attack Ganzhou with twenty thousand fine riders. Khan led his troops to hold on at night. At the same time, Ganzhou Khan sent Zhai Fushou Rong to attack at night, and Zhang Pu was defeated. In December of the same year, Deming invaded Ganzhou, and the stars saw it during the day and dared not return. Although Li Deming was frustrated in sending troops to attack Uighur five times, he

In view of the powerful military power of Tubo in Xiliangfu, in order to take advantage of Xiliangfu, the rulers of the Song Dynasty had already formed an alliance with Tubo Liugu, and appointed Ding Wei to know Xiliangfu, rule with Tubo and be an enemy of Li. After Li occupied the state, it immediately expanded to Hexi area. In November, 2006, Li attacked Xiliangfu, fought fiercely with Tubo in Liangzhou, killed the magistrate Ding, and changed Xiliangfu into Liangzhou, which fully demonstrated the strategic position of Liangzhou. After Li captured Liangzhou, he lost his arrogance. Luozhi Pan, the leader of the Six Tubo Valley in Liangzhou, joined the Dragon, ambushed in advance, and then pretended to surrender. Li Xia Hou _ unprepared, assembled troops to fight back, and Li He made a chicken fly a dog to jump. Song Jingde died in Xiping in the first year. After Deming ascended the throne, he concentrated his main forces and opened up the northwest, realizing the strategic tasks proposed by Li, such as sweeping the west, collecting Uighur soldiers in the north and grazing in the south. As a result, he attacked Uighur and Tubo to the west, extending thousands of miles. In June of the first year of Song Jingde, Li Fabing arrived and told them to stay. In Luozhi Pan, his brother Tudor continued to compete with Deming. The war between Xia rulers and Liangzhou Tubo for Liangzhou continued, and Deming sent troops to attack Liangzhou four times. In September of Song Jingde's fourth year, Deming robbed Xiliang and attacked Huihe. The leader of the Tubo Six Valley Department, the governor, tied the Uighurs as reinforcements and prepared for battle. Deming withdrew his troops and returned. In September of the 4th year of Xiang Fu in Song Dynasty, Su Shouxin, a military commander of Deming Academy, led an army to attack Xiliang, begging for help, and the same officials joined forces with various tribes to resist, and they were defeated. According to Guo Mincheng, a translator in the Song Dynasty, Khan, the king of Ganzhou, crouched on the table at night, saying that all his ministers were in the state, and the tribe of the nine prime ministers could not live with Su Shouxin without me. He is from Xiliangfu. Seeing that American families are safe today. In February of the sixth year of Dazhong Xiangfu, the princess died of illness. For Su Shouxin's robbery, the report was postponed. It can be seen that around six years ago, Dazhong Xiangfu and Deming sent Su Shouxin to capture Liangzhou, led the troops to station, and fought with Ganzhou Uighur constantly. 10 1 1 Daxiangfu for nine years, Su Shouxin, commander of Liangzhou garrison, died of illness, and his son Luo Mang was in charge of government affairs in Xiliang, and the people refused to accept it. Khan, a Uighur in Ganzhou, took the opportunity to send troops to attack Liangzhou at night, captured more than 100 people under his own account, beheaded 300 people and won many horses. Luo Mang abandoned the city and fled into the desert, so Uighur occupied Liangzhou. In August of the following year, Luo Mang secretly sent someone to Liangzhou to meet Kibaki and invited Deming to send troops to help. Uighur and Liugu Tubo jointly resisted, but Deming could not conquer Liangzhou. Since Uighur seized Liangzhou, Deming has been trying to recover. In September of the first year of Daoguang in Xia Ming, Deming sent Yuan Hao to attack Liangzhou. At this time, Uighurs were too lonely to refuse, so they withdrew from the city. At this point, Deming finally seized Liangzhou from Uighur. Deming fought with Ganzhou and Liangzhou for 26 years. Although it paid a huge price, it unified Hexi region, expanded the ruling area, enhanced the military strength of Zhou Xia regime, and laid the foundation for Yuan Hao to claim the title of emperor and establish the country.