Details of Syracuse (ancient Greek city-state)

Syracuse is a city in Sicily, Italy, which is also translated as Syracuse. Located on the east coast of the island, it was built in 734 BC by immigrants from the Greek city-state of Corinth. From the fifth century BC to the fourth century BC, it was extremely powerful and was the overlord of eastern Sicily. In the Second Punic War (2 18 BC-20 1 year BC), it resisted Roman aggression and was destroyed by Rome in 2 12 BC. At present, there are about 6.5438+0.25 million residents. It covers an area of 204 square kilometers. The location is 37 05' north latitude and1517' east longitude.

Chinese name: Syracuse mbth: Syracuse alias: Syracuse region: Sicily Location: 37 05 N,1517 E Area: 204 square kilometers Population:125,000 Founded in 734 BC, the history of the ancient city, the list of tyrants, the history of the ancient city. Located in the east of Sicily, northeast of Hanapu estuary. It was built by Achia, an immigrant from Corinth, in 734 BC. Because it is located in the traffic arteries of the eastern and western Mediterranean, Italy and North Africa, it soon became an important city in the Mediterranean. The temples of Apollo and Athena (later converted into cathedrals) built at that time still exist today. The port of Syracuse is an important trade center in this region, which is divided into two parts by the small peninsula of Otinia, which goes deep into the sea. Dagang in the southwest and Xiaogang in the northeast. In the first four to five centuries (Dionysus I), a solid wall was built for the expanding Syracuse (far larger than the existing old wall). It has improved its strategic position. In the 7th and 6th centuries BC, the nobles of Syracuse came to power and enslaved the local conquered residents. In 485 BC, the civilian power grew and the nobles were expelled. Then Long Ge, the tyrant of the Greek city-state Gera in the south of Sicily, took advantage of the discord among the residents of Syracuse to occupy Syracuse and became the tyrant of Syracuse. In 480 BC, Gron defeated the Carthaginian army near Milla, enabling Syracuse to dominate the eastern part of Sicily. His successor Heron I (reigned from 478 BC to 467 BC/466 BC) actively intervened in the struggle among some city-states in the Italian peninsula, defeated Ida larrea, an ally of Carthage, and made Syracuse a maritime power in the western Mediterranean. About 466 BC, ancient Syracuse established a democratic regime, and political affairs were handled by citizens' congresses, councils and generals elected every year. At this time, Syracuse had reached the peak of its culture. The dramatist Ace Zelos, the poets Binda and Simonides gathered here. In the Peloponnesian War (427 BC to 424 BC, 465,438+05 BC to 465,438+03 BC), Syracuse competed with Athens. Especially in the battle between Athens and Sicily from 4 15 BC to 4 13 BC, the Athenian army was defeated by Syracuse. But the war weakened the democratic forces. Taking advantage of the tense situation at war with Carthaginians, de Onisi Oss rebuilt the tyrant's rule in Syracuse in 405 BC, and was in power for nearly 40 years (405-367 BC), recruiting a large number of mercenaries and developing military strength. In the long struggle with Carthage, both sides have won and lost. At the beginning of the 4th century BC, Syracuse once controlled most of Sicily and many places in southern Italy. In 367 BC, the eldest son of De Onisi Oss succeeded to the tyrant, and was called De Onisi Oss Jr. (Dionysus II, born in 367 BC, reigned from 354 to 343), and was once exiled. About 344 or 343 years ago, Teemo Lynn, the general of the mother state of Corinth, crossed the sea and occupied Syracuse, ending the tyranny of Dionysus and his son. In 339 BC, Teemo Leon defeated the Carthaginian intervention army at the Battle of the Crixus River. However, shortly after the restoration of democracy, Syracuse was ruled by Agassocles, a tyrant who had been in power since 3 17 BC. He led the army to fight Carthage in Africa, once expanded to southern Italy and western Sicily, and became the king of Sicily around 304 BC. When the tyrant Hero II was in power (about 270 ~ 2 BC16 BC/2 BC15 BC), a group of retired Italian mercenaries forcibly boarded Messina in the northeast of Sicily, which became the fuse of the first Punic War. In 264 BC, the Roman army entered Sicily, and Syracuse was forced to sign a treaty with Rome. His influence was limited to the southeast of Sicily, and he supported the Romans against Carthage. After the death of Herod II, Syracuse supported Carthage in the Second Punic War and was invaded by loyal opposition and Rome. Even Archimedes' invention failed to help Syracuse escape the fate of being conquered by Rome in 2 12 BC, and the battle of Syracuse ended in the fall of Syracuse. Since then, Syracuse has been ruled by Rome for a long time and has become a part of Sicily, losing its importance. In 450, the Vandals looted Syracuse. The Arabs occupied Syracuse in 878. Two centuries later, the Normans occupied Syracuse. Due to the rich local historical sites, Syracuse has now become a famous tourist attraction. In 2005, the stone tombs of Syracuse and Pantalek were listed as world cultural heritage. List of tyrants 478 BC-467 BC or 466 BC-405 BC-367 BC-367 BC-357 BC; 347 BC-344 BC-357 BC-347 BC Teemo Leon 344 BC-337 BC Agathocles 365438 BC+06 BC-289 BC Hilong II 275 BC-265438 BC+05 BC.