The role of rural microfinance How to borrow rural microfinance?

Rural microfinance is an important fund supply channel for China's rural economic development. However, with the advancement of the project, problems such as government intervention, limited loan interest rate and lack of supervision began to appear, which became obstacles to the further development of microfinance. Below I will unlock the role of rural microfinance for everyone, hoping to help you.

The role of rural microfinance

First of all, the importance of promoting the microfinance system in China.

In recent years, with the continuous development of China's economy and the gradual improvement of the financial system, China's rural financial reform and development have achieved positive results: First, the reform of rural financial institutions has been steadily advanced. And second? "Three rural" loans continued to grow. By the first half of 2006, the national agricultural loan balance was nearly 3 trillion yuan, accounting for 14% of the total loan balance of financial institutions, which met the loan demand of more than 60% of farmers. However, there are also prominent contradictions and problems in the current rural financial reform and development:

(A) Problems in China's current agricultural financial system

First, the outflow of rural funds is serious. At present, through rural credit cooperatives, postal savings and other commercial financial organizations, the annual outflow of funds from rural areas is greater than the inflow of funds from cities, which leads to the inability to effectively meet the capital needs of agricultural and rural economic development, the development of rural economy is hindered, and the gap between urban and rural areas is too large.

Second, the system of rural financial institutions is not perfect. Since the reform of commercial banks, several major banks have largely withdrawn from their business outlets in rural areas. At the same time, they are also trying to improve their business. The construction of financial institutions serving agriculture, countryside and farmers has not kept up, resulting in low coverage of institutional outlets and difficulties for farmers to receive financial services.

Third, the innovation of financial products is insufficient and the rate of return is not high. The existing rural financial institutions mainly deal in traditional credit products and commercial insurance products, while the microfinance and agricultural insurance, which are in great demand by farmers, lack innovation, resulting in a single financial product, a serious lack of profitability and a weak foundation for sustainable development. However, some informal rural financial organizations have developed rapidly, because their financial services are more in line with the needs of farmers, but the potential risks are greater.

As a mode of providing financial services for low-income people, microfinance is a financial system in developing countries at a specific stage of development. This system is not only a financial service product, but also a way of social development. Various developing countries have formed various specific models in the practice of microfinance. The basic starting point of each model is to provide financial services, especially credit services, for low-and middle-income people to effectively control risks. According to the characteristics of China's rural areas, the introduction of micro-credit system into rural financial market will help to make up for the current gap and demand of rural finance, and at the same time, it will have a great potential role in promoting the development of rural economy and the improvement of farmers' living standards.

(B) the significance of promoting micro-credit system for rural development in China.

1. Expand the scale of rural credit, optimize the structure of rural credit system and invigorate the rural economy.

The introduction of micro-credit will provide a source of funds for borrowers and township enterprises in rural low-income areas, expand the scale of loanable funds, and effectively curb lending risks. On the other hand, it corrected the long-term unbalanced loan structure, mobilized the participation enthusiasm of all groups, and invigorated the entire rural economy.

2. Improve the living standards of farmers.

The increase of farmers' credit input has promoted the development of rural economy, improved the efficiency of agricultural output and fundamentally increased farmers' income. The improvement of farmers' income level directly affects farmers' consumption level and willingness. At the same time, microfinance has a significant positive impact on the per capita net income of farmers' quality of life indicators in the east, middle and west, and a significant negative impact on Engel coefficient, which shows that microfinance has a significant effect on improving farmers' quality of life. From these factors, we can see the great influence of the development and scale of micro-credit in rural areas of China.

The development of microfinance organizations lacks policy environment (legal status).

Difficult to achieve financial sustainability (interest rate, source of funds)

Microfinance organizations cannot absorb public savings deposits and have no normal financing channels (sources of funds).

Lack of independence of institutions and personnel (high fixed cost, large-scale integration, attracting professionals)

Four, to further improve China's rural microfinance suggestions

(A) improve the regulatory measures

In terms of regulatory policies and risk control, we should implement non-prudent, industrial regulatory policies and loose and moderate control machines.

System. Facing the reality that there is a high degree of information asymmetry and high supervision cost between microfinance institutions and high-level supervision departments, it is both necessary and feasible to implement non-prudent and industry (microfinance association) self-regulatory policies under the guidance and authorization of the central financial supervision department.

First of all, the information asymmetry between the supervisor and the supervised can be solved by evaluating the access of the microfinance institutions that have joined the association, collecting the financial information and operating conditions of each institution on a regular basis and reporting to the financial supervision department on a regular basis; Secondly, the microfinance association can actively coordinate with the central financial supervision department and relevant government departments on the policy issues of microfinance development, seek policy, legal and financial support, and strive for a better macro-environment for the development of microfinance. Promote rural financial product innovation and expand business varieties.

(2) Set a reasonable loan interest rate and relax the interest rate limit appropriately.

Making financial institutions involved in microfinance profitable is the fundamental guarantee for financial institutions to expand and continue to provide microfinance. With the improvement of the degree of commercialization of banks in China, it is an unavoidable reality that if rural credit cooperatives are in a state of loss for a long time and cannot get subsidies from relevant departments, the current microfinance work will not be sustainable. Interest rate is the key to make financial institutions that carry out microfinance gain benefits. The operating procedure of micro-credit is different from ordinary bank loans, and it has the characteristics of small amount and high cost. Only a high difference between deposit and loan can make up for the operating costs, and the interest rate of micro-credit can not be set by ordinary banks for industrial and commercial or even larger agricultural projects. Appropriately liberalize the interest rate limit of small loans to seek the financing interests of rural credit cooperatives and farmers? Win-win? , is one of the key factors for the healthy development of microfinance projects.

Financial institutions may appropriately relax loan restrictions with the approval of the higher regulatory authorities. If the loan term is appropriately relaxed and the loan amount is appropriately increased, the repayment methods can be diversified. On the other hand, small pledged loans should consider the credit business of the pilot banks, such as time deposit certificates, voucher-type government bonds, book-entry government bonds, and policy pledge.

(3) Government financial support

The development of microfinance can not be separated from the support of the national government. For rural areas with insufficient credit funds, the central bank should actively dredge the transmission mechanism of monetary and credit policies, guide financial institutions within its jurisdiction to give key support, and gradually establish a market-oriented modern agriculture integrating trade, industry and agriculture.

In addition, priority is given to advantageous projects. We will strengthen credit investment in agriculture and agricultural products with comparative advantages, especially support high-tech agriculture, characteristic agriculture, contract agriculture, foreign exchange earning agriculture and deep processing projects of agricultural and sideline products, and promote agricultural industrialization. For example, basic crops such as grain, cotton and oil should always be in a prominent position and make breakthroughs. Spring loan and autumn harvest? Under the traditional mode, according to the industrial cycle, nature and characteristics, the repayment time of small loans for farmers is relaxed; Gradually increase the credit investment quota, expand the distribution scope and relax the loan quota limit; According to the market demand, we will adjust the channels of credit supply, actively support farmers to adjust the agricultural industrial structure, vigorously develop the production of agricultural products that are needed by the market, with good benefits and wide sales, improve the quality of agricultural development, and increase farmers' income.

(four) improve the quality of credit personnel, and vigorously promote the farmers' loan certificate.

Establish an effective incentive mechanism, fully mobilize credit personnel to go deep into farmers, investigate the actual situation, understand the use of farmers' loans and the difficulties and problems encountered in the process of production and operation, establish farmers' economic files, make use of the extensive social contact advantages of credit cooperatives, provide information, technology and consulting services for farmers, and be a good consultant for farmers to become rich. Intensify innovation, promote farmers' loan certificates, simplify loan procedures, facilitate farmers' loans, make farmers' loan certificates a green card for farmers' loans, make loan personnel really serve farmers and establish a good image of farmers.

(5) Strengthen the risk prevention of microfinance.

Ideologically, on the one hand, we should increase publicity and cultivate a good social credit environment. Relevant financial institutions should actively participate in integrity propaganda and create? Honesty is paramount? Atmosphere. On the other hand, the staff should make farmers clear about the nature and legal responsibility of microfinance, so that farmers can enhance their awareness of law-abiding ideologically.

Establish a scientific and standardized repayment monitoring system in the mechanism to reduce the non-performing loan ratio and improve the efficiency of loan use. It is mainly to strengthen the supervision of farmers' borrowers and lenders, establish a reasonable credit rating system, and form an effective repayment monitoring system from lending to recovery. On the one hand, strict investigation of farmers' credit and feasibility study of the project ensure that the loans can be recovered in time, and strengthen credit awareness and knowledge of loan use rules through farmers' loan knowledge training; On the other hand,

The supervision of loan officers is generally to review the business they handle and stipulate that employees are not allowed to lend to their relatives or related personnel. If they need a loan, they must issue a loan application form, indicating the purpose, and if necessary, they need employees to issue joint and several liability guarantees, and at the same time, they must prevent employees from making mistakes in loan issuance inspection.

The perfection of rural credit system is a major systematic project. China has a vast territory, unbalanced economic development, a large gap between the eastern and western rural areas, and great differences in rural credit work in various places. If we really want to do a good job in rural credit and realize financial behavior? Serving agriculture, countryside and farmers, and enabling financial institutions located in rural areas to substantially support local social and economic development, requires the joint efforts of all parties, and the government should give policy support from the system.

Rural microfinance rating

(1) Farmers apply to credit cooperatives for evaluation.

(two) the account manager (loan officer) to conduct a detailed investigation of the credit rating of the farmers, including:

1, check the applicant's valid identity documents, and examine whether the applicant is a farmer in this area and has full capacity for civil conduct;

2, whether the applicant or family members have the ability of labor production or management;

3. Verify property and comprehensive income;

4. Whether the loan demand is reasonable;

5. The applicant has no bad credit record in rural credit cooperatives and other financial institutions;

6. Consult the village committee and villagers' representatives about the credit status of the household;

7. Other relevant information.

Account managers (loan officers) should rely on village committees and villagers' representatives to carefully evaluate farmers' credit rating through appraisal, fill in the Farmers' Economic Archives according to the survey content, and put forward preliminary opinions on credit status evaluation.

(III) The account manager (loan officer) will submit the signed farmer's economic files to the credit business approval team, and the credit business approval team will evaluate the applicant's credit rating according to the account manager's preliminary examination opinions and evaluation criteria.

(four) the credit business approval team regularly or irregularly held a meeting to evaluate the credit rating of farmers, and evaluated the reported farmers, and issued a "farmer loan certificate" according to the evaluation results, clearly indicating the credit rating and loan limit. The approved loan amount shall not exceed 70% of the comprehensive income of farmers in that year (excluding other debts to be repaid in that year). "The farmer's loan certificate should be stamped with the official seal of the credit union and signed by the leader of the evaluation team.

(five) the credit business approval team will "credit user evaluation records" to the credit office staff to register "farmers' economic files".

The Origin of Rural Microfinance

In order to support the development of agriculture and rural economy, improve the credit service level of rural credit cooperatives, increase the credit input to farmers and agricultural production, and simplify the loan procedures, according to the provisions of the Law of the People's Bank of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank and the General Principles of Loans, rural credit cooperatives launched a new type in 200 1 year. Micro-credit for farmers. Micro-credit loans for farmers refer to loans that rural credit cooperatives provide to farmers without mortgage or guarantee within the approved quota and period based on the reputation of farmers.