Fujian, Hong Kong and Macao immigrants

Judging from the evolution of Minnan administrative region, the earliest birthplace of Minnan dialect should be Jinjiang River Basin in Quanzhou, especially Fengzhou area in Nan 'an.

Minnan dialect, as the largest branch of Minnan dialect, covers almost the whole southeast coast, from Zhejiang to Hainan, but it can be traced back to southern Fujian, represented by Zhang Quan.

In southern Fujian, there are only two recognized Minnan dialects, namely Quanzhou dialect and Zhangzhou dialect. Quanzhou dialect is represented by Quanzhou city, and Zhangzhou dialect is also represented by Zhangzhou city. Representing Quanzhou Prefecture and Zhangzhou Prefecture in history respectively.

Minnan was a barbarian land in ancient times and was never famous for its dense population. On the contrary, it is a barren land.

Once an area is discovered and effectively ruled by the Central Plains regime, the population and division of this area will follow. Minnan really entered the vision of the Central Plains forces, probably in Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period, which was the Jian 'an year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, so the new development of Fujian was named Jian 'an, and Dongan County, the predecessor of Nan 'an County established in this period, first appeared in Minnan.

From then on, Minnan began to slowly gather population, with Fengzhou as the center, Jiulong River in the south, Longxi County (Liang Dynasty), which is now Zhangzhou City and Longhai, and Putian County (the short-lived Chen Dynasty) in the north, which is today's Putian City, with Tongan County briefly appearing in the Jin Dynasty in the middle, which is probably the earliest origin of Minnan.

Someone with political power means language. At that time, Minnan dialect had not yet formed, at least it was the same as Fuzhou. As for what to say, no one will know. The real scale of Minnan was in the Jin Dynasty, and Dong 'an County was changed to Jin 'an County. A county named after the current dynasty will not be too inferior. At the same time, the name of Jinjiang, a river, came into being. Obviously, the relationship between Minnan and Jin is quite close.

When I was in Yongjia County in the Tang Dynasty, I said with emotion: "Northerners avoid Hu mostly in the south, and southerners can still speak Jin dialect." Yongjia County is located in Wenzhou, and the name of Yongjia comes from the year of the Western Jin Dynasty Rebellion, which is called "Yongjia Rebellion". Since northerners have crossed Yandang Mountain and arrived in Wenzhou, the border between Fujian and Vietnam, it is natural to enter Fujian. Therefore, the earliest source of Minnan dialect must have Jin dialect.

As for Minnan dialect, its boundary is only around Jiulong River and Jinjiang River, that is, the middle and lower reaches of several major rivers, but it seems to have included both Zhang Quan dialect centers, although it is a bit biased.

The real Minnan dialect was not formed in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, but in the Tang Dynasty.

Especially with the development of Gwangju soldiers led by Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang in Zhang Nan, these soldiers directly brought Gwangju dialect to Zhang Nan and made it take root in Zhang Nan and Chaoshan areas. This is a more authentic Tang dialect, whether it is the official Tang dialect or not, but it is always Henan dialect. With the establishment of Zhangzhou and its county moving northward, Zhang Nan Tang dialect began to collide with Zhang Quan Jin dialect, and the most primitive Zhangzhou dialect was formed in the Jiulong River basin.

So what is the difference between Tang dialect and Jin dialect itself? Maybe not, because although there are differences in Zhang Quan accents, communication is not barrier-free; It may be very big, because Minnan and Mindong can't communicate at all.

Personally, I don't think there is much difference, because there is no obvious difference in grammar and words between Minnan dialect and Quanzhou dialect in Zhang Nan, but there are differences in phonology.

Another factor that narrows the difference between Zhang Quan and Zhang Quan is that the Wang Chao brothers brought a group of Gushi people into Quanzhou at the end of the Tang Dynasty, which made Zhang Quan and Zhang Quan both have Jin and Tang accents, but Quanzhou Jin dialect is dominant and Zhangzhou Tang dialect is strong.

So we also found a pattern. Jin dialect is the majority in the north of Quanzhou, and Tang dialect in the south of Zhangzhou comes from behind. Because there is little difference between the two accents, Minnan dialect has a gradual relationship from Putian to Chaoshan. In fact, they are the same dialect.

Therefore, from the source of Minnan dialect, it originated in Fengzhou, Quanzhou, the birthplace of Pianjin dialect is Quanzhou, and the birthplace of Piantang dialect is Zhangzhou, but they can communicate with each other.

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Text/Four Records of Guihai

Minnan dialect sounds awkward. It is unknown whether the listener forgot the Jin dialect or the way to understand it deeply.

Two schools, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. However, Quanzhou arrived in Minnan earlier, bringing the Central Plains culture into Minnan earlier, and Zhangzhou entered Chen Sheng Chen Yuanguang later (Wu Zetian period). Quanzhou used Luohe dialect (the official dialect of Tang Dynasty) earlier. There is Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou, where Luoyang people come to live. The name Luoyang Bridge is used to commemorate that they came from Luoyang. Later, Jin people from Shanxi came to Quanzhou (built by water and lived by water), and then Jinjiang came. If Zhangzhou or Quanzhou is the standard Minnan language, you can look at Nanguan (Nanqu and Xianguan). Namely: Nanyin. ) ok. No matter where you are in the world, you should take Quanzhou accent as the standard. For example, in Xiamen's Gaojia Opera, local people perform on the stage, but Quanzhou people are required to sing backstage. (Reference, non-expert remarks)

Minnan dialect, as its name implies, is the language spoken or circulated by Minnan people. Minnan dialect, also known as Heluo dialect, originated from the language of Luoyang in the ancient Central Plains and evolved from the language of the ancient Minnan aborigines.

Zhangpu West Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, dedicated to Chen Yuanguang and his son, King Zhang Kai, and the first major generals of Zhang Kai.

Now Quanzhou, Xiamen and Zhangzhou are collectively referred to as Minnan. Xiamen is a new city, and its territory belonged to two governments of Zhang Quan in ancient times. Minnan dialect is actually Zhangzhou dialect or Quanzhou dialect.

Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect and Zhangzhou dialect in Fujian reach Chaozhou, Shantou, Haifeng, Lufeng, Cangnan, Chumen and other counties and cities in Guangdong, and Minnan dialect is basically used in Taiwan Province dialect. Only the pronunciation is different, the grammar is basically the same, and you can communicate slowly. Belongs to the Minnan language family.

Since the mother tongue of Minnan dialect is Guheluo dialect, it is necessary to analyze the residents of Guheluo people, who came to Zhangzhou or Quanzhou where a large number of Central Plains people settled earlier, as a basis for tracing back!

Quanzhou, as an ancient geographical name, is earlier, but the "spring" in the dry season refers to the present Fuzhou area, and Minnan as a whole appears as Nan 'an County, which governs Nan 'an, Longxi (including Xiamen in the east of Zhangzhou) and Shuilan (in the west of Zhangzhou).

In the second year of General Manager Tang (669), the spring tide surged (then spring refers to Fuzhou). Zheng Chen, the general who returned to Germany, and his subsequent son Chen Yuanguang led the 87th surname of Gushi County in Gwangju to quell the chaos and invited Zhangzhou. These soldiers and their families have become the largest group of Central Plains immigrants in southern Fujian, that is, the first group of Central Plains people in Fujian who speak Heluo dialect!

Chen Yuanguang was later called Wang Sheng, Zhang Kai, and at this time two counties of Zhang Quan in southern Fujian were established (but now western Quanzhou and Xiamen belong to Zhangzhou, and the political and cultural center of Zhangzhou at that time was in Zhangjiangwan area of Zhang Nan).

Wang Shen, a brother of the Five Dynasties, entered Fujian with the Gushi Rebel Army led by Wang Xu, and chose Zhangpu, whose local residents are basically the ancestral home of Gushi, Henan, as the foothold. Later, it gradually replaced Wang Xu to occupy Fujian and establish Fujian.

In the first year of Tang Guangming (880), after the Huang Chao Uprising, Wang Xu, a native of Shouxian County, Anhui Province, received Wang Chao, Wang Shenluan, Wang San and many Gushi soldiers in Gushi County after conquering Shouzhou and Gwangju. In 885, Zhangpu (Zhangpu ancient jurisdiction, including now Puyun Zhaodong and other places) entered Fujian and conquered Zhangzhou. During this period, Wang Chao launched a mutiny to stand on its own feet, and in the second year, it won the whole country (now Fuzhou). After the three brothers established Fujian, the Queen was later called the King of Kaimin (according to historical records, Zhangzhou was also the rear area of Wang's group during the Ten Kingdoms period, because the early residents of Zhangzhou were originally from Henan, so they were homesick for Wang's soldiers), and the soldiers who settled in Fujian with Wang became the second batch of Zhongyuan people who settled in Fujian and spoke Heluo dialect!

After the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Quanzhou is basically the same as today, and Zhangzhou is nearly half. It can be seen that before the Tang Dynasty, Minnan was only initially formed. At this time, due to the scarcity of personnel, the Central Plains people are not widely distributed. It was the two large-scale entry of Henan people in the Tang and Five Dynasties that gradually formed the main population of southern Fujian. After the prosperity and development of Fujian during the Ten Kingdoms period, Minnan formed a complete and stable regional culture and began to spread abroad.

In fact, it has no practical significance to argue whether Quanzhou or Zhangzhou is the birthplace of Minnan dialect. Now the Xiamen dialect, which is between Zhang Quan and Zhang Quan, can be widely accepted by Minnan cultural circle. This is related to Xiamen's geographical location, modern social background and the reputation of intellectuals at home and abroad.

The original Heluo dialect should be the dialects of Zhangpu, Xiao Yun, Zhao 'an and Dongshan in the south and north of Liangshan (Dongshan County in Xiao Yun belonged to Zhangpu from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty).

Because these areas are not only the base areas where two groups of Zhongyuan people entered Fujian, but also the places where Zhangzhou government worked several times. As an important carrier of ancient culture, there are many temples. (According to Zhangpu County Records, there were hundreds of temples from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty), which was once called the Southeast Buddhist Country. This shows the profound cultural heritage! According to the report, most of the Central Plains people who brought the Five Dynasties Wang Bing to Fujian as soon as possible lived in the bottom of the spring, and their population was smaller than that of Chen Fubing who had lived in Zhangzhou for more than 200 years.

Therefore, for thousands of years, there have been immigrants from Guangdong, Taiwan Province and Southeast Asia in this area, and at the same time, the "processed" Heluo culture (including Minnan dialect) has been spread all over the world!

In addition, it is also the most important point. After the Five Dynasties, there was no historical record of a large number of foreign immigrants entering the settlement, so the original language was less influenced by foreign languages. So I come to the conclusion that the dialect in Zhangjiang River Basin is a natural evolution of Heluo dialect, with the deepest source and relatively pure Minnan dialect.

The earliest Minnan dialect is Fengzhou in Nan 'an.

Now Nan 'an is a prefecture-level city in Quanzhou. So it can be counted as Quanzhou, but if it is true, it can only be counted as Nan 'an!

Later, Quanzhou opened its port and moved to the government, and Zhangzhou opened its government, resulting in two distinct schools, Quanzhou dialect and Zhangzhou dialect. Quanzhou dialect was strong in Song and Yuan Dynasties, because Quanzhou was economically and politically strong at that time! During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the rise of Guangdong and Hong Kong and the rapid development of agriculture in Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou dialect gradually became stronger.

After the reform and opening up, Xiamen's accent has become stronger, but that's because of Taiwan Province Province.

The topic is the earliest birthplace, which is Fengzhou!

As a continuation of Heluo dialect in the Central Plains, Minnan dialect was actually brought by troops and their families in Chen Yuanguang, the first large-scale resident in Fujian and eastern Guangdong. At that time, Fujian and eastern Guangdong were administrative regions with Zhangzhou as the administrative center, and Chen Yuanguang's troops were gradually stationed in Quanzhou, Putian, Fuzhou and eastern Guangdong, so the Heluo dialect was gradually used around Zhangzhou.

Minnan dialect originated in Yongchun, which was originally a state, and now governs Dachuan Youxi in Jinjiang, Nan 'an, Fengze, Licheng, Anxi, Dehua, Putian and Sanming. Yongchun County is divided into an inner half and an outer half. The Tang government named this place after the capital, so now there are only one capital, two capitals, three capitals and more than 200 capitals. This is what the older generation needs to understand. This is the town now. This is the administrative name of the town. After the Song Dynasty, because of the development of coastal economy, Yongchun House was divided into various regions, which is now roughly the scope of counties and cities.

Fengzhou, Nan 'an, Quanzhou used to be the administrative center of southern Fujian, so it is the most accurate place and the birthplace of Minnan dialect. Jinjiang was originally called Nan 'an River. Immigrants from Wumanghua lived along the river, so it was renamed Jinjiang to commemorate its hometown. The spoken Minnan language was formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and in the Tang Dynasty, large-scale immigrants brought the pronunciation of the Tang Dynasty. Minnan language includes spoken English and Tangyin, so Quanzhou is the birthplace of Minnan language! When Zhangzhou spoke the Tang Dynasty, some immigrants brought their pronunciation to Quanzhou earlier, and then thought their Minnan dialect was more standard. However, they think that the spoken language of the immigrants in the Tang Dynasty is still Minnan, which is probably no longer valid. So where did the spoken Minnan language in Zhangzhou come from? Of course, it is the result of Quanzhou's southward migration, such as Chaozhou, Leizhou and Hainan, all brought by Quanzhou's southward migration. Note that Puxian used to belong to Quanzhou! So where did the Minnan language in Zhangzhou come from? Isn't it Quanzhou, at least in spoken English! So where the Minnan language is more standard and meaningful is still controversial! It's just like later generations and ancestors arguing about who is more standard.

Minnan dialect, originally Heluo dialect, was the official language before the Tang Dynasty. It was only after the Tang Dynasty that the whole Central Plains region was divided and combined, and the war was unbearable. The people ran around and were displaced, which led to the population of the Central Plains region being divided and integrated for nearly a thousand years. Heluo dialect was handed down only by Minnan people who fled the war that year.

It must be Quanzhou. In the past, Zhangzhou belonged to Quanzhou, as long as it was not Xiamen. That bird hair is just like Korea.

Minnan originally refers to Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Xiamen. Moved to Shantou in his early years. Then go to Southeast Asia, Hong Kong and Macao. Quanzhou was then the whole county (in charge of Fujian Province, and later the provincial capital moved to Fuzhou). Quanzhou dialect, of course, is Min dialect, which originated from Jinshui River basin. Of course, language (pronunciation) is influenced by foreigners living in Quanzhou for a long time all over the world. Then spread northward to Zhangzhou Puxian (Tour) and Xiamen. Connect Guangdong. So it still originated from Jin Quan, Qingyuan. Quanzhou was formerly known as Jinjiang area after liberation.