Planets about 20 light-years away from the earth are considered to have 100% life. Why?

Do you think there will be other "Earths" in the universe? Perhaps most people will think that there can be no other earth, and our earth is unique.

It should be noted that this refers to planets similar to the earth, and they are not absolutely the same. Therefore, according to the similarity, there are indeed many "twin brothers" of the earth in the universe, and sometimes scientists will call them super-earths. The protagonist we are going to introduce below belongs to this category.

There is such a planet, about 20 light years away from the earth. Scientists were very excited when they found it, because they thought 100% was alive. You know, human beings have been exploring space for so many years, in addition to looking for a new home, just to see if there are other creatures in the universe. So, what is the reason why this planet 100% is sure that there is life? Have scientists found the creatures above?

Next, from the discovery of planets, the criteria for scientists to judge the existence of life, and the "super earth" in the universe, we will solve the puzzle of scientists discovering the existence of life on planets. Of course, before we know why, let's take a look at how this planet was discovered and what's so special about it.

Many people will say that this prefix is familiar when they see gliese. It seems that scientists have used it when naming many celestial bodies. Yes, this prefix should be related to German astronomer william Gliese, who created the famous gliese near-catalog, and one of the most famous stars or red dwarfs is gliese 58 1.

Therefore, gliese 58 1g is actually a planet located near gliese 58 1, 20.5 light-years away from the earth, and located in Libra, which is the sixth planet just discovered by human beings in this galaxy.

Let's take a look at the relevant data of gliese 58 1g first. In terms of "measurement", gliese's 58 1g is obviously larger than that of the earth, with a diameter of about 1.2 to 1.4 times and a mass of three to four times that of the earth. It revolves around the red dwarf gliese 58 1 for about 37 days, and its rotation period is the same as that of period of revolution. More importantly, its position with gliese 58 1 is about 0. 13 astronomical unit, which is about 9.65 million kilometers.

Secondly, the existence of gliese 58 1g is still controversial. As mentioned earlier, many planets have been found near gliese. After hearing the news of the birth of gliese 58 1g released by UCSC, the research team of Geneva Observatory, which found four stars, began to search in its own observation data center, and finally failed to find the evidence of Gliese 581G.

To this end, the two sides also launched a heated debate. Although it is still controversial in the end, the particularity of gliese 58 1g makes people pay attention to it.

The above is an introduction to the basic information of Gliese 581G. There seems to be nothing special except that the "measurements" are very similar to the earth. So, why do scientists think that there is life above 100%?

As we all know, the birth of life on earth is very accidental. It can be said that at first, some chemicals had unexpected reactions, thus shaping the original "seeds of life". When talking about the conditions of birth and survival of life, it is inevitable to avoid key conditions such as temperature, liquid water and atmosphere. In recent years, humans have also focused on exploring these factors when visiting Venus and Mars.

Therefore, based on these standards, scientists determined that there must be life in gliese 581g. Do you remember the distance between gliese 58 1g and its galactic star gliese 58 1g? This is very important, because this distance makes gliese 58 1g in a livable zone, similar to the position of the earth in the solar system.

Therefore, scientists believe that the average temperature of gliese 58 1g in the livable zone should be around -3 1 celsius to-12 celsius, and there should be atmosphere and liquid water at this temperature. At this point, gliese 58 1g seems to have met all three conditions for the birth and survival of life. Many people may say that even if there is life in this cold, it has already frozen to death.

In fact, what scientists call life is not a "lively" creature as everyone imagined, but a single-celled organism, or a mold. In short, life here is like the earliest "seeds of life" on earth. As long as there is a seed, it will have a chance to germinate and grow, and flower of life will be born.

Moreover, you may not know much about stars such as red dwarfs. Compared with the sun, red dwarfs are not only small in size, but also release little energy. However, it has several great advantages. First of all, there are a large number of red dwarfs in the universe, so it is more appropriate to take it as the main target to replace the sun. The second red dwarf is a famous "longevity star" in the universe, which means there is no need to worry that it will burn out ahead of time and step into aging near it.

Therefore, the stars in the galaxy where gliese 58 1g is located belong to red dwarfs, making it easier for human beings to replace immigrants, and the conditions will be more similar to the Earth. In addition, the surface of gliese 58 1g is composed of rocks, which is obviously more similar to the earth than the "frozen star" discovered by humans in the solar system in the past.

In the process of studying the planets in the universe, scientists specially designed an "evaluation system" to score the planets from the aspects of their density, volume, distance from the main sequence stars and whether there is atmosphere and liquid water, so as to find out which planets are most suitable for human habitation or most like the earth.

It can be seen that gliese 58 1g is really unusual among many "super-earths". No wonder scientists have such confidence in it. However, many people think that scientists always use the existence of "liquid water" as evidence to judge the existence of livable planets or life, which is a bit extreme. Can't we observe and judge from other standards? Actually, there is. Next, let's see what clues scientists will look for when exploring alien life.

Although we have always regarded water as the source of life, the results of years of exploration show that there is basically no planet with vast liquid water like the earth. So over time, many scientists say that water should not be regarded as the only clue to find alien life, and we should open our minds and try to find other clues. So, what other clues may prove the existence of life?

The first is phosphorus. Why do you say that? Because from deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the main component of DNA and RNA, we can see that phosphorus is highly involved. Needless to say, after long-term research, scientists have concluded that the increase of phosphorus in the ocean may have promoted biological evolution 600 million years ago. Of course, in addition to phosphorus, there is also nitrogen, which usually appears together. After all, egg white can't be formed without nitrogen.

Indeed, you may think that it is a bit hasty for us to explore the life of other planets by the standard of the birth of life on earth. After all, the contingency of life tells us that its birth and evolution may not follow the "internal law", and its existing form may also change. We look for it according to the standards of the earth, and the alien life we find may be more similar to life on the earth. After all, everyone lives in similar environments.

In any case, it is expected that scientists will find life on gliese 58 1g in the future. However, our exploration of extraterrestrial life has always followed the principle of "casting a wide net". In short, we have found many "super earths" like Gliese 581g.

It's hard to say which planet will surprise us in the future, but before opening their "gift boxes", let's see which other planets have squeezed into the ranks of "super earth".

With the development of human science and technology, we have more means of observation, so it is nothing new to find "super earth" now. It is a good thing that the members of the super-earth family are increasing day by day. After all, this means that our chances of discovering extraterrestrial life have increased, and these planets may become new homes for human beings in the future.

As mentioned above, scientists have formulated a set of scoring standards, among which gliese 58 1g scored the highest, and gliese 58 1d ranked second. As can be seen from the names of these two planets, their relationship is very unusual. Gliese 58 1d was discovered on April 24, 2007, and scientists also received its signal on 20 10, but more people think it is noise.

Compared with gliese 58 1g, its orbit is larger. Therefore, its surface temperature should be lower. If we use the planetary analogy of the solar system, gliese 58 1g is the earth and 58 1d is Mars.

In short, no matter which super earth it is, it is just similar to the earth, but it cannot be completely equal. In detail, our earth may indeed be a unique existence in the universe, so before we have no choice, human beings should focus on protecting the earth instead of abandoning it to find a new home.