Reasons for the Formation of Regional Culture in China

1. Different natural geographical environment (location)-especially in the case of inconvenient transportation (ancient times)

Large regional differences-large material base differences-large living habits differences.

There are great cultural differences between the south and the north of China.

Different natural conditions-China is divided into many different regions.

The geographical dividing line between north and south of China is Huaihe River and Qinling Mountains.

Shaanxi is partly in the north and partly in the south-it is from a military point of view that cultural differences were broken after the reunification of the Yuan Dynasty. So the culture in southern Shaanxi is similar to that in Sichuan, because it has always been a culture formed by the same geography.

After Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, he wanted to benefit his hometown and build his capital (Jiangsu+Anhui), but the cultural differences brought by regional differences could not be changed. In order to balance the economies of both sides, the Qing Dynasty was divided into Anhui and Jiangsu from south to north.

Dietary differences between wheat and rice in north and south.

Without the natural environment, regional culture can hardly exist. The best example is that the flag bearer in the north changed his culture after he went to Beijing.

Foreign nationalities (nomadic culture) accept China culture (agricultural culture) because the land of Han people is more suitable for agricultural development.

The great cultural differences in geography are due to the poor transportation capacity in ancient times.

At that time, the most convenient transportation was the North-South Grand Canal, and it took a long time for the fastest speed to travel from Hangzhou to Beijing.

In the era when there was no mechanical transportation, it was very difficult to exchange materials, because the grain carriers had to eat by themselves.

In ancient times, the southeast economy was good, but it was difficult to transport it to the northwest because it went upstream.

The inconvenience of communication and transportation leads to the division of places-the formation of regional culture.

In places with inconvenient transportation, there is a habit of worshipping mountain gods and river gods-being separated in a certain place for a long time, which has produced ideas, feelings and even spiritual worship for this place. People in mountainous areas, when they see mountains every day, worship some mountains and think that God lives on them.

The ancestors of the Han nationality (Huaxia) also worship mountains, so there are five mountains.

Southerners are hardworking and northerners are lazy, which is also related to climate and geographical conditions. Because there were a lot of people and little land in the ancient north, it was not suitable for farming in winter, and it became lazy over time. The south has been short of land, and the climate allows repeated farming, so southerners have to work hard, so work hard.

Xiongnu's fertility rate is low, so it is not easy to have a child, so women should get married more and have more children, so when their father dies, their mother will marry her son and continue to have children.

There is a custom of betrothing a wife in some parts of Zhejiang.

2. The influence of immigration on the formation of regional culture (the United States is a vivid example)

There have been a lot of population movements in the history of China, especially after the Qing Dynasty-where are our roots?

Floating population may not have a sense of belonging to local culture, but immigrants are different and will accept it.

Immigrants adopt or change local culture.

For a long time, the Yellow River basin went south, spreading the culture of the Central Plains to the whole country.

The Yongjia Rebellion at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty —— China began to emigrate for a century —— the northern Central Plains culture spread to the south —— and by the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cultural level of the south of the Yangtze River had not lagged behind that of the north.

However, the most influential is modern times (after the Qing Dynasty).

Modern immigrants have the greatest influence on today's regional culture.

Historically, Jiangxi people moved to Huguang, and Huguang immigrated to Sichuan. During the period from Kangxi to Qianlong 100, there were many immigrants. The Qing army razed Sichuan, and there was no one left in Sichuan, so they immigrated to Sichuan, which is known as the Huguang Filling Sichuan Movement. Later, Sichuanese moved to Guizhou and Yunnan, so their language was Southwest Mandarin.

Many people in the north trace back to their hometown. The locust tree in Hongtong is actually a gathering place for immigrants under some locust trees in Shanxi.

Great immigration in the late Qing Dynasty (from 1860, the Qing Dynasty lifted the northeast ban)

"Kanto" is the so-called "land of prosperity" in the Qing Dynasty.

After the Opium War broke out, in order to consolidate the frontier, the Qing Dynasty allowed Han Chinese to enter Shandong, so the ancestors of the Northeast people today are all from Shandong.

After the death of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Nanjing lost most of its population. Later people were immigrants, so the so-called Six Dynasties culture was completely lost. -Great changes have taken place in Nanjing's regional culture.

Shanghai's culture has been changed by immigrants. = product of Chinese and foreign immigrants * * *

1843 Shanghai has a population of a little over 500,000.

Population100000.

1949 population 6 million

The origin of Shanghainese

(1) local farmers

(2) Immigrants from Jiangsu and Zhejiang-the regional culture they introduced was originally the most developed in China at that time.

(3) Foreigners-foreign cultures were introduced into China.

1942, the number of foreigners exceeded 120000.

It was 28 thousand in the early days of liberation, and it has been decreasing since then.

(4) Jews-Shanghai doesn't like visa procedures.

Shanghai has become a place where eastern and western cultures meet. Shanghai, a place where cultures from all over China gather, is relatively open, with 80% of the population coming from other places.

There are a lot of loanwords in Shanghai dialect.

Tianjin is also a veritable immigrant city = 40% locals, 60% foreigners (mostly civilians, mainly Hebei, followed by Shandong).

Military culture, court culture and food culture.

Tianjin dialect is also the product of immigrants-the earliest military immigrants (early Ming Dynasty), for the Jianghuai generation-the Ming Dynasty recruited people in the same place, so the accent has always been unified. Nowadays, in Tianjin dialect, those people's accents have been replaced by local accents.

Culture is inseparable from people.

Factors affecting local culture

When the number of immigrants is strong, or when the political economy is strong, foreign culture will replace local culture.

With a small number of immigrants and no economic and social status, local culture will be preserved and immigrants will accept local culture.

The aborigines are quite similar, and the two cultures merge with each other to form a new culture.

Su Dongpo exiled Hainan and transformed its regional culture.

The role of a great man.

3. The influence of political power and administrative divisions.

Before centralization, enfeoffment was the mainstream. Western Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed 7 1 vassal state. Due to the inconvenient communication at that time, the central government could not directly manage the localities.

The personal will of the rulers has a great influence-the habits of various vassal States are determined by the kings, such as Zhao Wuling, Wang, Qi She (Han people learn from ethnic minorities), and Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, for example, learns from Han culture.

China has always been based on agriculture, so the rulers have been promoting agriculture (this industry) and not supporting the development of other industries (the last industry)

In history, scholars think that agriculture is the most important, so they attach more importance to agriculture than commerce, and constantly promote agriculture.

After liberation, Putonghua was vigorously promoted and dialects began to die out.

So is Taiwan Province Province. After the Kuomintang regime came to Taiwan Province Province, Chiang Kai-shek vigorously promoted Putonghua to unite people everywhere.

Cheongsam and the so-called Tang costume were forcibly promoted after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs-now they have become a manifestation of China culture.

During the Qing Dynasty, China's clothing changed.

4. Ethnic distribution

All ethnic groups will bring culture when they migrate, but they will change because of different geographical conditions.

Mutual absorption and influence of minority culture and Han culture

Chairs and beds are the products of minority cultures.

China's folk music basically comes from ethnic minorities and spreads from the west.

Grottoes and other arts are also dominated by ethnic minorities