Modern architects in western Europe

Helsinki Railway Station, Finland1(1906 ~1916)

Architect: Sha Lining

Helsinki Railway Station in Finland was built at 1906 ~ 19 16. It is a treasure in the station building at the beginning of this century and an important architectural example in the early Nordic modernism, but it is basically eclectic. It has clear outline, distinct characters and concise details, which not only shows the characteristics of masonry buildings, but also reflects the development trend of modern architecture. The designer of Helsinki Railway Station is the famous architect eliel saarinen (1873 ~ 1950). Helsinki Railway Station is his masterpiece of romantic classical architecture, which has a strong classical style but is patchwork.

Fiona Fang set each other off into interest, so it is lively, unforgettable and not boring, and is regarded as one of the architectural masterpieces of the 20th century.

2. Mira Apartment in Barcelona, Spain (1906 ~ 19 10)

Architect: A. Gaudi

Mira apartment was built in Barcelona 1906 to 19 10. Antonio, a famous Spanish architect who designed Mila apartment? Togno Gaudi (1852— 1926) was born in Barcelona, Spain on June 25th, 20852. He is known as the "father of architecture" in Barcelona and a representative figure of romantic architectural style. He studied at the Architectural School of Barcelona Province. His early works after graduation were similar to the gorgeous Victorian style, and later he adopted the historical style, which is the mainstream of Gothic revival. Gaudi's first major commissioned projects were Sagrada Familia, which is a very unique and attractive building (he only completed an ear hall and one of four towers when he died), Casa Batlo, Casa Mila and Guell Park. Gaudi died in Barcelona on June 1926. He is a man who dares to find another way in the exploration of architectural art. He tries his best to infiltrate plastic arts into three-dimensional buildings full of romantic fantasies, and emphasizes the artistic expression of plastic arts in the design of Mira apartment. He used his imagination, and his architectural image was strange and absurd. At the same time, he absorbed the style of Islamic architecture, combined with the structural characteristics of Gothic architecture, took a natural form, and carefully explored his original plastic architectural model.

3. Lincoln Memorial in Washington, USA (19 19 ~ 1922)

Architect: H. Bacon

Designed by American architect Henry Bacon, Lincoln Memorial Hall is located in an artificial highland at the end of Moore Avenue, with an area of 2,200 square meters, opposite the Washington Monument. Drawing lessons from the traditional crafts of ancient Greek temples, the memorial hall is surrounded by 36 marble Doric columns, symbolizing the 36 States of the United States in Lincoln's time. Although the plane looks like an ancient Greek temple, there are no mountain flowers in the usual Greek temples, but a group of roof layers placed at the top of classical columns. The inner plane of the memorial hall is divided into a main hall and two side halls. There are rows of columns in the two side halls, and murals depicting Lincoln's most outstanding achievements and important events are painted on the walls of the side halls. The climax of the whole memorial hall is the statue of Lincoln, which is located in the center of the main hall, just opposite the entrance. Guided by the vertical sequence from the entrance to the statue, people will feel the solemnity of the atmosphere. Later, people will gradually see this serious Lincoln statue scattered indoors under the sunlight. The layout of Lincoln statue and the ingenious sequential guidance in vertical and horizontal directions form a solemn atmosphere, which is an outstanding handwriting in the design of this memorial building.

4. Stockholm City Hall, Sweden (1909 ~ 1923)

Architect: R. Osterberg

In the 1920s, there was a call to create new architectural styles in western Europe, while the traditional architectural styles still maintained a strong momentum. 1923 The town hall is a reflection of respecting and inheriting the tradition. In the design of the town hall, Swedish architect R Osterberg respected the classical architecture but was not bound by it. Instead, he integrated various architectural styles and techniques in history and created this waterside building with scattered characters and harmonious reality and reality. Several halls of the city hall are luxuriantly decorated, exquisitely decorated and full of Nordic poetry and painting, which are considered as masterpieces of national romantic architecture.

5. Schroeder Building in Utrecht, Netherlands (1924)

Architect: G. Park Jung Su Vader

Designer G Ritvede is a furniture designer and architect, influenced by the Dutch "de stijl" at that time. De stijl's artists advocate that works of art should be composed of geometric shapes and solid color blocks. This Schroeder residence is a typical expression of De Steagall's artistic concept in the field of architecture. This composition, which consists of bare wallboard, simple bricks and large pieces of glass, is very similar to the works of the famous Dutch painter mondriaan at that time, just like a three-dimensional de stijl painting. Schroeder's residence has a great influence on the architectural art concept of many modern architects.

6. Bauhaus School Building in Germany (1926)

Architect: W. Gropius

This complex was designed by the famous architect W Gropius and built in Dessau. It consists of three parts: teaching building, practice factory and student dormitory. The spatial layout is characterized by grouping and combining according to the use function, which is independent and easy to contact. The teaching building and the practice factory are all four floors, occupying the largest area. The dormitory is at the other end, six stories high, and the canteen on the second floor is connected with the auditorium. The center of this group is the administrative department, the teachers' office and the library, which link the ministries together. This building covers an area of 2630 square meters. This combination of different heights not only creates the sense of time and space brought by the moving decorative buildings, but also expresses the organic connection between buildings. At the same time, it also embodies the design characteristics of Bauhaus: paying attention to space design, emphasizing function and structural efficiency, and directly connecting architectural aesthetics with the use, material performance, economy and exquisiteness of construction. The teaching principles and methods of this school building and Bauhaus school have had a great influence on the development of modern architecture.

7. Srisawat Villa in Poitiers (1928 ~ 1930).

Architect: le corbusier

Villa Savoi, located in the suburb of Paris, is a rich man's villa. /kloc-designed in le corbusier in 0/928, completed in 0/930. The plot is 12 mu, with a building area of only 20.50m× 20m, square and three stories high. The value of this villa far exceeds its own value as a detached house. Because of its important position in the history of western "modern architecture", it is known as one of the classic works of "modern architecture", which is related to all the buildings and urban planning in le corbusier. Many of le corbusier's architectural ideas were reflected in the early design of small houses. In 1926, he compared the "new building" with the old building, and put forward five characteristics of the new building: (1) column building, and the main room is located on the second floor; (2) Roof garden; (3) free plane; (4) transverse long window; () Free elevation (becoming a transparent or opaque thin wall that can be handled freely). Savoi Villa is a masterpiece that comprehensively embodies the above characteristics, which is completely different from traditional residential buildings. From the appearance, the shape is simple, but the internal space is very complicated. It is quite different from the traditional European residence, showing the innovative spirit and architectural concept of the fierce architectural movement in the 1920s.

8. German Pavilion of the World Expo in Barcelona, Spain (1929)

Architect: Ludwig Mies Van Derro

1929 There was a German pavilion at the Barcelona World Expo, which caused a sensation in the whole architectural world. After the World Expo, the museum was demolished. It existed for less than half a year, but its great influence continues. German architect Ludwig mies van der rohe fully embodies the principle that "less is more" put forward in 1928 in this building. In his view, the contemporary exposition should no longer have magnificent and competitive design ideas, but should step into the philosophical garden in the cultural field. The building itself is the main body of the exhibition. Building space, horizontal and vertical layout, the use of transparent and opaque materials and structural modeling make architecture enter a poetic level. The German Pavilion is built on a pedestal. The main hall has eight metal pillars and a thin roof. The wallboard composed of marble and glass is also a simple and smooth plate, criss-crossing and flexibly arranged, forming a simple and complex spatial sequence that is divided and connected; Indoor and outdoor are also interspersed with each other, without clear boundaries, forming a wonderful circulation space. There is no additional carving decoration in the whole building. However, the choice of color, texture and texture of building materials is very fine, and the collocation is very elegant and the proportion is fine, which makes the whole building show noble, elegant, vivid and lively quality and shows people unprecedented architectural art quality in history. The exhibition hall has exerted a wide influence on the architectural art style in the 20th century. Half a century later, 1983, the Spanish government decided to rebuild this exhibition hall in the original site-Monhuchi Park in Barcelona, Spain. Hosted by the famous Spanish architect C. Silisie.

No.9 Empire State Building, New York, USA (193 1 year)

Architect: S.L.H Architecture Office

On the bustling Manhattan Island in new york, the Empire State Building, the tallest building in the world at that time, was built in just over a year in the early 1930s, with a height of 38 1 meter. It has maintained a high title for 42 years. Until today, its height is still ahead of the world. The design of Empire State Building began in March 1930, and the designers were Siref, Lamb and Harmon. The first steel column was erected on April 7th, and the steel structure was installed on September 22nd. It was completed and put into use on May 193 1, and it only took one year and one month before and after. On average, one layer of steel skeleton is completed in one and a half days. Until the 1970s, it kept the best record of construction speed. The rapid construction of this building is inseparable from its precise steel members and rigorous construction organization.

American flowing water villa 10( 1935)

Architect: F.L. Wright

Flowing water villa is a classic work of American architect F.L. Wright. This is a suburban villa designed for Kaufman, a German immigrant. This house is not big, with a building area of only 400 square meters. However, since its birth, it has attracted people's attention. Now, half a century later, new buildings have sprung up, but the flowing water villa is still praised by people and listed as a national key cultural relic to be protected. The flowing water villa is located in a beautiful mountain forest. F.L. Wright built the villa on a small waterfall formed by complex terrain and falling streams. The whole villa uses the cantilever force of reinforced concrete to protrude above streams and waterfalls. As the seasons change, the house responds with a "silent voice" and renews itself. The relationship between the nature of the dynamic situation of buildings and the speed dynamic situation of waterfalls is an example. When the ice and snow melt and the spring water rises, the building looks more like a group of rocks exposed from the ground, but when the water flows in summer, it looks like the villa is curled up before the animals hibernate. In winter, the waterfall hangs like an ice curtain between the flower terrace that separates the northern rock and the ice surface that adorns it. The building itself is dense, real and virtual, and closely integrated with rocks, trees and water. Man-made buildings and the natural environment are in harmony, forming a contrast. Flowing water villa is not only a particularly outstanding one in F. L. Wright's own works, but also a wonderful flower in the world architectural garden in the 20th century.

United nations headquarters building in new york, USA11(1946 ~1952).

Architect: W.K. Harrison

The design director of the United Nations Headquarters is Wallis, an American architect. Harrison served in the army. At the same time, an international advisory committee composed of Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Sweden, Uruguay, Britain, the former Soviet Union, China and other countries was established. Mr. Liang Sicheng represented China in the Design Advisory Committee. The Design Advisory Committee has discussed 53 schemes. 1947 May by French architect Le? The last scheme is based on the Corbusier scheme. The implementation of the architectural scheme is the responsibility of American architect Harrison. The building was completed in 1952. United Nations Headquarters consists of four buildings: Secretariat Building, General Assembly Building, Conference Building and Library. The secretariat building is a slab building with 39 floors above ground and a height of 165.8 meters ... Its east and west sides are blue-green glass curtain walls, and its two ends are narrow solid walls. The hall is prone on one side of the building, with a concave curve at the top and side. The Security Council Conference Building is located between the Secretariat Building and the General Assembly Hall, near the river. Compared with the government and parliament buildings built in history, the United Nations Headquarters complex is special. The complexity of its function, the innovation of modeling and composition are not comparable to those of previous buildings. The appearance of the United Nations Headquarters building indicates that the modern architectural style was widely recognized in the mid-20th century.

France Marseille Apartment12 (1946 ~1952)

Architect: Le? Corbisier

The building that people call "Marseille apartment" is Le? One of Corbusier's famous masterpieces. This big apartment is his first attempt at the concept of "residential unit" in an ideal modern city. Le? Corbusier believes that under modern conditions, cities can not only maintain high population density, but also form a quiet and hygienic environment. His ideal modern city is a huge skyscraper in the central area, a high-rise building with a large area of green space between buildings. Modern and tidy road networks are arranged on planes with different elevations, and people live in "residential units". A "residential unit" can almost contain the contents of a residential area, and a building becomes the basic unit of a city with various living welfare facilities. He designed and built this 17-storey apartment building in Marseille, which can accommodate about 337 households 1600 people. Marseille apartment is the first large-scale building covered with precast concrete external wall panels, and its main body is cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure. After the cast-in-place concrete formwork was removed, the surface was not treated, leaving the concrete with rough traces of manual operation exposed, showing a rough, primitive and simple artistic effect, which was later regarded as the "laurel" of the ancestor of barbarism.

France Langxiang Church13 (1950 ~1953)

Architect: Le? Corbisier

Yule? The church designed by Corbusier was built in 1953. One has been talking about the formal beauty of geometric composition, advocating the use of new technology to meet new functions and create new forms of "modern architecture". In the practice of architectural creation, he followed the direction of rationalism, but designed a strange building that shook. This is a small Catholic church in the mountains. It has broken through all the forms of the Catholic Church for thousands of years, its shape is distorted and chaotic, its deformation is extraordinary, it is grotesque and mysterious, and it stands like a rock on a hill surrounded by mountains and is regarded as a holy place. Langxiang Church was founded after World War II. One of the most striking works designed by le corbusier represents the change of le corbusier's creative style and has a great influence on the development of western "modern architecture".

New york West Gram Mansion14 (1954 ~1958).

Architect: Miss? Where is it? De? collect

New york Seagram Mansion is built on the 40th floor of 1954 ~ 1958, with a height of158m. The designer is a famous architect, miss? Where is it? De? Luo and Philip? Johnson. In the 1950s after World War II, the tendency to pay attention to exquisite technology occupied a dominant position in the western architectural circles. Smith's pursuit of pure, transparent and accurate steel and glass boxes is regarded as the representative of this tendency. Seagram architecture is a typical example of this trend. The main body of the building is an upright cuboid. Except for the ground floor and the top floor, the curtain wall of the building is straight up and down and unified. The window frame is made of steel, and a copper bar with I-section protrudes from the wall, which increases the concave-convex feeling and vertical upward momentum of the wall. The details of the whole building have been carefully scrutinized, concise and meticulous, highlighting the aesthetic quality of materials and techniques. In the early 1920s, the Gramm Tower realized Smith's skyscraper idea, which is considered as one of the classic works of modern architecture.

15, Yoyogi National Indoor Gymnasium, Tokyo (1964)

Architect: Kenneth Ge Tan

Japanese architect Ge Tan Jian designed the Yoyogi Gymnasium, which is a symbol of scientific and technological progress in 1960s. It broke away from the traditional structure and modeling and was hailed as an epoch-making work. The overall composition, internal space and structural form of Yoyogi National Indoor Gymnasium show Ge Qinxian's outstanding creativity, imagination and unique understanding of Japanese culture. It is a large-scale comprehensive sports facility composed of facilities such as Olympic swimming competition hall and indoor ball skill hall. The cable-stayed roof structure with high-voltage lines as the main body creates a large internal space with tension and power. The unique external modeling and decorative performance seems to be traced back to the shrine form and vertical cave house as the prototype of ancient Japan, with original imagination. This can be said to be the peak of Kanzi Ge Tan's structural expressionism period, which gave full play to his outstanding talents in material, function, structure and proportion until his historical view was highly unified. This building is the pinnacle of modern architecture development in Ge Tan and Japan. Modern architecture in Japan is even divided into two historical periods according to this work.

Sydney Opera House16 (1959 ~1973)

Architect: Wu Zhong

Near the Sydney Bridge in Australia, there is a Pengnylon Island surrounded by water on three sides. On this island stands a group of sail-like harbors, such as the buildings where white cranes fly in surprise. It is the world-famous Sydney Opera House. Sydney Opera House has a peculiar shape and extraordinary appearance. Eight thin shells are divided into two groups, four in each group, covering two halls respectively. In addition, there are two small shells on the small restaurant. A steel truss is hung under the shell, and the ceiling is below the truss. The two groups of thin shells are symmetrical and dependent, and the milky white tiles are attached outside, which is dazzling. The Sydney Opera House, designed by Danish architect J Wuzhong, is huge, covering an area of 1.8 hectares. It is located on a granite pedestal 0/9 meters away from the sea/kloc-,and the highest shell roof is 60 meters away from the sea. It includes a 2,700-seat concert, a 1550-seat opera house, a 550-seat theater, a 420-seat rehearsal hall, and numerous exhibition venues, libraries and other cultural service facilities, with a total construction area of 88,000 square meters, which can accommodate 7,000 people, including spectators and staff. In fact, it is a large-scale comprehensive cultural performance center. From design to completion, the Opera House took 14 years and cost1200 million US dollars. After its completion, it was widely loved by people.

World Trade Center New York, USA 17( 1973)

Architect: Shan Qishi

The World Trade Center on Manhattan Island in new york is the largest trade organization in the world and the highest in the world.

One of the buildings. The World Trade Center in New York covers an area of about 6.5 hectares. It is a building complex consisting of six buildings, with a cost of 700 million US dollars, including a customs building, a hotel, two nine-storey buildings dedicated to important government trade institutions and international commodity exhibitions, and two main buildings-110-storey towers with a height of 4 1.5 meters. These two buildings are square columns with exactly the same shape. Each side is 63.5 meters wide, and each tower covers an area of 466,000 square meters, with a total area of more than 930,000 square meters. The outer wall of the building is densely arranged steel columns, and the outer surface is covered with silver aluminum plates. The building is under great wind pressure. Under ordinary wind, the roof swings 2.5 cm, and the measured maximum displacement is 28 cm. There are 50 thousand people working in the whole World Trade Center. There are 80 thousand guests every day. There are 46 high-speed elevators in the two buildings, 1 14 interval elevators and 8 freight elevators. A passenger elevator can carry up to 55 people. The elevator can go directly to the parking lot that can accommodate 2,000 cars, and is connected with the subway, which can quickly evacuate the staff and tourists coming and going to the World Trade Center in all directions.

18, Pompidou Art and Culture Center, Paris, France (1977)

Architects: Rogers and piano.

The total cost of Pompidou Art and Cultural Center is about 480 million francs, with a total area of about 654.38+10,000 square meters, with six floors above ground and four floors underground. There are industrial design center, music acoustics research institute, modern art museum, public information knowledge library and corresponding service facilities in the building. The whole building is surrounded by criss-crossing pipes and steel frames, which is not like our common museum at all, but like a real chemical plant. This art and cultural center was designed by Italian architect R piano and British architect R Rogers. They think that modern architecture often ignores decisive structure and design. In order to change this old concept, the structure and equipment are particularly prominent and praised, six-story steel structure and elevator. Cables, water pipes and ventilation pipes are hung on the facade, painted in red and green. The architect intends to design this building as a device similar to a mechanical frame, and make the interior a spacious and unobstructed space, allowing the internal layout to change flexibly. This center is a masterpiece of high-tech architecture in this century.

East Hall of National Gallery of Washington, USA 19( 1978)

Architect: I.M. Pei

For I.M. Pei, the expansion of the National Art Museum is not to build a simple building on the base, but to limit the base, to coordinate with the original building, to locate in Washington, and to meet the needs of the architectural plan. These are formidable challenges. The East Pavilion of the National Gallery of Washington, 1978 was completed, including the exhibition hall and the art research center. It's between the Parliament Building and the White House. It is the last clearing in front of the White House, and its location is very important. But the shape of the lot is incomplete, and it is inclined wedge (trapezoid). Because the East Pavilion is a part of the whole art museum, its gate must face the old pavilion (neoclassical building) built in 194 1. At the same time, the exhibition hall and research center are required to be built separately, with their own entrances and exits. It usually brings some troubles: setting two doors at the same time, which will make people feel that one is the gate and the other is the "dog hole" if it is not handled well. The designer divided the trapezoid into two triangles: a large isosceles triangle for the exhibition hall; A smaller right triangle, as the research center. The entrance of the exhibition hall is located at the bottom of the isosceles triangle, and the small door of the research center is located in the concave seam between the two triangles. The whole idea of this building is a triangle, and there is no ordinary rectangular space. Modeling is casual, concise and solemn and elegant. The center of the exhibition hall is a multi-storey space connected by a vertical and horizontal overpass. There is a glass skylight at the top of the central hall, a gallery with trestles criss-crossing or four entrances. When tourists walk in it, the scene changes with the pace, and the spatial scene changes endlessly. The East Pavilion is adjacent to the Old Classical Pavilion and the nearby US Capitol, which is relatively cooperative. President Carter personally cut the ribbon at the opening ceremony. He praised the building as the best art gallery in the world.

20. Atlanta Sea Art Museum (1983).

Architect: R. Meyer

American architect R. Meyer is famous for being good at designing art galleries. The shape of Hai Art Museum is complex and changeable, and its outline is distinct. R Meyer's architectural works are white, and under the sunlight, the light and shade levels are very rich. There is a fan-shaped atrium inside, and the internal space is constantly flowing in both horizontal and vertical directions, and there are thousands of scenes.

21Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Building, China (1985)

Architect: n foster

This is the work of British architect N Foster. The shape of the building obviously exposes steel columns and steel trusses, which has become the protagonist of the facade. The bottom of the building is completely open, and the escalator extends downward from the second floor. People can enter the building from the escalator, and the space in the building is as open as possible. This building shows the achievements of modern science and technology everywhere and belongs to the "high-tech" architectural style. Although the building is not decorated, the actual cost is still quite expensive.

22. Lloyd's of London, UK (1979 ~ 1986)

Architect: Rogers

Richard, who is good at showing his "high-tech" style with exposed structure? Rogers is one of the most famous architects in the world today. The Lloyd's headquarters building he designed in London includes a 12 floor, an insurance business hall that can accommodate 10000 people at the same time, and an office building with stepped wings. Considering the possibility of the company's continuous expansion and the phased expansion of the building, the architect intends to expose the staircase tower, main pipes and structural parts wrapped with steel plates in the design. This innovative method surprised many architects. It embodies the new image given to architecture by the highly developed industrialization level, making it possible for architecture to "grow" continuously.

23. Expansion Project of Louvre in Paris, France (1988)

Architect: I.M. Pei

The Louvre expansion project completed in 1988 is an important work of the world famous architect I.M. Pei. Bayes placed the extension under the Louvre, avoiding the difficulty of narrow space and the conflict between old and new buildings. The entrance of the extension is located in the center of the main courtyard of the Louvre. One side of this entrance is designed to be 35 meters long. A glass pyramid with a height of 2 1.6 meters. This is I.M. Pei's experience in studying the surrounding buildings, and it also proves once again the close relationship between I.M. Pei's design and the environment. The base of the pyramid is 35.4 meters long, parallel to the building, that is, parallel to the azimuth, which is the same as the layout of the Egyptian pyramid, and strengthens the relationship with the environment. The pyramids are concise and prominent, while the all-glass walls are clear and bright, without heavy crowding. At first, many people opposed the plan, but after the completion of the pyramid, it was widely praised. Around the glass pyramid, there is also a large square pool, which turned 45 degrees, and the triangle on the west side was cancelled, leaving an open space as the entrance square, opposite to the three corners of the building, forming three triangular small pools. The surfaces of these three triangular pools adjacent to the pyramids are like mirrors. In cloudy and sunny seasons, the glass pyramid reflects the pool and the environment, adding another dimension to the building and enriching the landscape. In the corner of the rotating square pool, four other triangular pools of different sizes are next to each other, forming another square, parallel to the pyramid building. Each triangular pool has a giant cylindrical fountain, which sets off the crystal glass pyramid like a huge crystal column. In Napoleon Square, I.M. Pei completely integrated architecture and landscape.

24. Bank of China Tower (1989).

Architect: I.M. Pei

The planning and design of Bank of China Building in Hong Kong began at the end of 1982, and the bank moved to 1990 and opened on March 9, 1990, which lasted more than six years. The building base covers an area of about 8400 square meters, which is a piece of land "tied" by elevated roads. The only way to meet the demand of floor space and to "get ahead" in the central area of Hong Kong with many high-rise buildings is to develop at high altitude. Bank of China Tower is located in the central area of Hong Kong, with a height of 70 stories, a total height of 315m (together with the top antenna) and a total construction area of128.60m2.. The exterior wall of the building is embedded with aluminum plate and silver reflective glass, and the bottom is covered with gray granite with different shades. The whole building is supported by huge steel columns with a height of four corners 12, and a series of steel welded supports wrapped in concrete are attached inside and outside, which not only brings a unique appearance to the building, but also saves 40% steel compared with the traditional way. There is no column in the room and the space is open. The ground floor of the building is a square of 52m× 52m, which is divided into four triangles along two diagonal lines. I.M. Pei once again demonstrated his design genius. He focused on describing the new shape of the building. Through the ingenious transformation of triangular matrix, it has been promoted step by step, and its shape is concise and lively, which is extremely iconic and forms the commanding heights of Hong Kong's urban contour line.

25. Taibankou Church in Japan (1989)

Architect: Tadao Ando

The design of church building is very unique in Tadao Ando's works, because this kind of building should first arouse people's spiritual voice. Tadao Ando found a resting place for the human spirit with his abstract, silent, pure and geometric space creation. The design of Daguiguang Church is extremely abstract and concise. It's just a small church of 1 13.04 square meters, located in the corner of Osaka's quiet residential street. The building is just a simple concrete box, without the iconic steeple in the traditional church, but it is a space with great religious significance, showing a quiet beauty and an atmosphere like a Japanese dry landscape stone garden. The layout of the building is determined according to the location of the original wooden church and priest hall in the land and the relationship with the sun. On the concrete wall in front of the chapel, a cross-shaped incision was left, showing a faint cross. As far as possible, the openings in the building are reduced, and the subject is limited to the expression of the natural element "light". This is Tadao Ando's so-called abstraction of nature.

26. Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (1995 ~ 1997)

Architect: F. Gehry

Museo guggenheim bilbao in Bilbao was built with local investment, and the Guggenheim Museum in new york operated and provided exhibits. It is considered as a museum facing 2 1 century. This is another Guggenheim Art Museum built in Bilbao, Spain. The museum has a building area of 24,000 square meters and is located on the banks of the Levion River. The body shape of the main part is complex and difficult to describe. The shape of the museum consists of arc blocks, with steel structure inside and shiny titanium veneer outside, with a total area of 27,870 square meters. The uniqueness of modeling is the continuation of architect F. Gehry's personal style in recent years; It is also the wish of the head of Guggenheim. They hope that this building will have strong attraction and become a beautiful city. In the design process, F. Gehry benefited from the computer software used in aviation design, which made F. Gehry's idea more powerful. In the overall layout, he further developed his artistic packaging thought, but this time the scope of "packaging" is far greater than his other works. The main exhibition hall is still formal. In order to facilitate the arrangement of exhibits, the base part of the first floor is relatively regular. The dynamic invalid part is mainly the hall and the surrounding annex rooms, and the changing form gradually shrinks upward. The museum is built by the water, which is organically combined with the urban overpass. This idea of embedding urban muscle groups also adds some theoretical basis to this unique museum.