On the Palestinian-Israeli conflict

Background information: The main issues of the Palestinian-Israeli dispute.

Xinhuanet Beijing165438+1October 12 (Reporter Yan) The final status negotiations between Palestine and Israel have been struggling due to many thorny issues such as the status of Jerusalem, border demarcation, Jewish settlements, the return of Palestinian refugees, and the distribution of water resources. Since the suspension of the Camp David negotiations in July 2000, the negotiations have not resumed substantially.

The status of Jerusalem

1947110 In October, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on the partition of Palestine, stipulating that Jerusalem should be an international city and administered by the United Nations. After the end of the First Middle East War, Jerusalem was divided into two parts, with the east occupied by Jordan (then called Foreign Jordan) and the west occupied by Israel. After the founding of Israel, West Jerusalem was declared as the capital. Israel occupied East Jerusalem. 1980, the Knesset passed a bill declaring Jerusalem as the eternal and indivisible capital of Israel.

Since the 1960s, Palestine has declared that Jerusalem is a part of Palestinian territory and Israel must give it up completely. 1988, the Declaration of Independence issued by the PLO designated Jerusalem as the capital of the Palestinian state.

Boundary division

1947165438+10. In October, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 18 1, deciding to establish a Jewish state and an Arab state in the Palestinian area, and to transfer150 of the 27,000 square kilometers of land in the Palestinian area. 1948, 14 in may, Israel declared its founding within the territory of the Jewish state, but the Arab countries were not established because they opposed the partition resolution. /kloc-In May of 0/5, the first Middle East war broke out, and Israel annexed more than 5,700 square kilometers of land belonging to "Arab countries". In the Third Middle East War from 65438 to 0967, Israel seized the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem, and completely occupied all the territories of "Arab countries".

The United Nations Security Council19671654381October adopted resolution 242 and19731October adopted resolution 338, both demanding that Israel return the Palestinian territories occupied in the third Middle East war. Since the Madrid Peace Conference, a series of agreements signed by the PLO and Israel have reiterated that the ceasefire line before the 1967 war is the future Palestinian-Israeli border. However, Israel has been reluctant to return the occupied Palestinian territories in full accordance with the agreement.

Jewish settlement

Israel is the only country in the world composed of immigrants. 1967 after the third middle east war, the Israeli government began to build settlements in the west bank and Gaza. According to Palestinian statistics from 65438 to 0999, in the past 30 years, Israel has built 200 settlements in Palestinian territory. During the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks, Palestinians demanded that Israel dismantle all settlements in the Gaza and the West Bank. According to Sharon's "unilateral action plan", Israel is only prepared to dismantle all 265,438+0 settlements in the Gaza and four settlements in the West Bank.

The return of refugees

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict of more than 50 years has caused the problem of Palestinian refugees affecting the whole Middle East. According to the statistics of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the total number of Palestinian refugees is close to 3.5 million, mainly in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria, except the West Bank and Gaza. Whether and how many of these refugees can return will affect the ethnic composition, population ratio and social security of Palestine, Israel and other Middle Eastern countries. In the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks, Israel opposes the return of Palestinian refugees.

Distribution of water resources

More than 60% of Palestine belongs to arid and semi-arid areas, and the total amount of renewable water resources including surface water, rivers and groundwater is estimated to be 2 billion cubic meters. In terms of quantity, Israel occupies and consumes 80% of all water resources, and Palestinian autonomous regions can only enjoy the remaining 20%. In addition, the allocation of water resources between Palestine and Israel also involves issues such as border demarcation and the future of Jewish settlements. Therefore, Israel opposes the complete redistribution of water resources with Palestine and advocates the joint management of water resources to ensure that Israel's water resources security is not threatened. On the other hand, the Palestinians insist on recovering the ownership of all water conservancy facilities in the Gaza and the West Bank, and refuse to accept the joint management of water resources with Israel. (End)

Palestinian capital: Jerusalem) (194711)10. In October, General Assembly resolution 18 1 stipulated that Jerusalem should be internationalized and administered by the United Nations. Israel occupied the whole of Jerusalem in the wars of 1948 and 1967. 1988165438+10 In October, the extraordinary session of the Palestinian National Council19 adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring Jerusalem as the newly established capital of Palestine. )

Capital of Israel: It was in Tel Aviv when the People's Republic was founded, and 1950 moved to Jerusalem, which is generally not recognized. 1On July 30th, 980, the Knesset passed a bill declaring Jerusalem as the "eternal and indivisible capital" of Israel, but the seat of its government is still in Tel Aviv. "[For the status and ownership of Jerusalem, Arab countries have always been controversial with Israel. Arab countries demand that "Israel withdraw from all Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Arab Jerusalem (referring to East Jerusalem)". Most countries that have diplomatic relations with Israel still have embassies in Tel Aviv. The population of Jerusalem is about 634,000 (2000).

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Background information: Review of Palestinian-Israeli relations in 2005.

Xinhuanet Beijing 65438+February 8 (Reporter Wang) In 2005, with the efforts of all parties concerned, the situation between Palestine and Israel eased, but conflicts occurred from time to time, and the peace talks were full of twists and turns.

65438+ 10 9, Palestine successfully completed the general election. Abbas, known for his moderation and pragmatism, has become a new generation of Palestinian leaders.

On June+10/October 10, 65438, Israeli Prime Minister Sharon successfully formed a cabinet, and the new cabinet joined by the Labour Party was sworn in. 1

On June 5438+0, Sharon congratulated Abbas on his election as President of the Palestinian National Authority by telephone. The Palestinian-Israeli summit began the first direct dialogue this year.

On February 8, at the initiative of Egyptian President Mubarak, the leaders of Israel, Palestine, Egypt and Jordan held a four-party summit in Sharm el-Sheikh on the Palestinian-Israeli issue, and the Palestinian-Israeli leaders met for the first time in four years. At the summit, Palestine and Israel reached an agreement to stop the violent conflict between Palestine and Israel for more than four years.

Immediately after the signing of the agreement, Israel announced that it would stop its military strike against Palestinian militants, and released 500 Palestinians and 398 Palestinians in custody on February 2 1 day and June 2, respectively. In mid-March, Israel also handed over the security control of Jericho and Tulkarm to the Palestinian side.

In order to implement the ceasefire agreement, Pakistan has also taken a series of positive measures. The Pakistani government first reached an understanding with Palestinian armed factions to stop attacking Israel; Then began to integrate Pakistan's security agencies, integrating the original 12 security agencies into three departments: the Ministry of the Interior, the security forces and the General Intelligence Bureau; Take action against those who violate the Palestinian-Israeli ceasefire agreement, and at the same time order the formation of a special Committee to deal with the issue of armed men wanted by Israel.

Thanks to the positive measures taken by both sides, the situation in Palestine and Israel has been relatively calm for seven months. However, Palestinian militants such as Hamas, who refused to give up armed resistance, repeatedly fired rockets at Israel and used suicide bombs to attack Israeli targets. On July 12, the Israeli coastal city of Netanya was attacked by Pakistani militants. Israel immediately announced the resumption of "fixed-point clearance", and the once calm Palestinian-Israeli situation was once again tense.

On June 2 1 day, Palestinian-Israeli leader Abbas met with Sharon, but the Palestinian-Israeli summit scheduled for June 2 10 was "postponed" many times due to violent conflicts. In order to ease the Palestinian-Israeli situation and restart the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks, Abbas visited France, the United States and other countries in the middle and late June of/kloc-0 to seek international support.

Since the beginning of this year, Sharon has been dealing with the government, parliament and right-wing opponents for the unilateral action plan, and finally "passed the customs". On August 15, Israel formally implemented the unilateral action plan and withdrew its troops from the Gaza Strip. On September 12, the Israeli army officially withdrew from the Gaza Strip, thus ending its 38-year occupation of the Gaza Strip. However, Gaza's access roads, airports and ports are still under Israeli control.

165438+ 10/5 With the direct intervention of US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, the Palestinians and Israelis finally reached an agreement on opening the Rafah port on the border between Gaza and Egypt. The two sides also agreed to open the Kerem cargo port on the border between southern Gaza and Israel. In addition, Israel also agreed to build Gaza Port and gradually open the agricultural products channels exported from Gaza to Israel.

On February 5, 65438, another suicide bombing attack occurred in the coastal city of Netanya, causing at least 45 casualties. Israel immediately stated that it would continue to use "all possible means" to stop attacks by Palestinian militants. (End)

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The relevant situation in Israel

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General situation in Palestine

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