What is AIDS? How can it be AIDS?

What is AIDS165438+1October 29th 14:33 AIDS, also known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a new sexually transmitted disease that was only recognized in 198 1 year. Its pathogen is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus, which is a virus of lymphophilia and neurophilia. Weak resistance to the outside world, it can be inactivated by heating at 56 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes and general disinfectants, but it is not sensitive to ultraviolet rays. Like other virus infections, HIV infection depends on the closeness and frequency of the body's contact with the virus. Besides the dose of infection, it is also influenced by many other factors, such as genetic quality, nutrition, drugs, immunosuppressive factors in repeated rectal contact with semen, etc. HIV carriers and AIDS patients are the sources of AIDS infection. There are three confirmed transmission routes: sexual contact transmission is the main transmission route of AIDS. At present, more than two-thirds of HIV-infected people in the world are transmitted through sexual contact. AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease and the most important one. Blood transmission includes: 1. Input blood, blood components or blood products contaminated by HIV. 2. Transplant or accept organs, tissues or semen of HIV-infected people or high-risk groups. Intravenous drug users use unsterilized needles and syringes contaminated with HIV. 4.*** The use of other medical devices and household appliances (such as toothbrushes and razors used by HIV-infected people) may also spread through damaged places, but it is rare. Mother-to-child transmission, also known as perinatal transmission, means that mothers infected with HIV are transmitted to their children through contact with blood and body fluids and postpartum breastfeeding before and during childbirth. HIV mainly invades helper T lymphocytes. After entering the blood through skin crevasses and mucous membranes, HIV can adsorb on CD4T lymphocyte receptors, replicate and destroy the target cells in the target cells, release the virus or lurk. This process is repeated, resulting in the death of a large number of target cells. HIV can infect not only CD4 cells, but also macrophages, B cells and glial cells containing CD4 receptors. The invasion of monocytes and macrophages will also affect phagocytosis. CD4 cells or macrophages infected with HIV are killed or exhausted, which leads to serious defects in cellular immunity and even conditional pathogen infection and tumorigenesis. After HIV infects cells, it can spread to the whole body. Viruses can be found in skin, mucosa, lymph nodes, thymus, liver, spleen and brain tissues, and can also be isolated from blood, mucus, vaginal secretions, tears and saliva. There are many legends about the origin of AIDS. Some people say that it was artificially developed by Germany during World War II. Some people say that it was developed by the Japanese; It is also said that God brought human beings to punish their sexual promiscuity. Wait, most of them are unfounded. Understanding the history of human development of AIDS is actually a very necessary thing, which helps human beings to prevent and conquer AIDS. In fact, the origin of AIDS should be in Africa. 1959 Congo is still French territory. An aborigine who came out of the forest was invited to participate in a research related to blood infectious diseases. After his blood sample was tested, it was refrigerated and dusty for decades. Unexpectedly, decades later, this blood sample turned out to be an important clue to solve the source of AIDS. AIDS originated in Africa and was brought to the United States by immigrants. On June 5th, 198 1, the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, USA briefly introduced the medical history of five AIDS patients in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly, which was the first official record of AIDS in the world. In 1982, this disease is named "AIDS". Soon after, AIDS quickly spread to all continents. 1985, a young foreigner who traveled to China fell ill and died soon after being admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and was later confirmed to have died of AIDS. This is the first time that AIDS has been discovered in China (see Ceng Yi: AIDS epidemic trend, research progress and containment strategies). Aids is a serious threat to the survival of mankind, which has attracted great attention from the World Health Organization and governments all over the world. Aids is spreading faster and faster around the world, seriously threatening human health and social development, and has become the fourth killer threatening human health. UNAIDS announced on May 30th, 2006 that since the first diagnosis of AIDS in June, 65 million people around the world have been infected with HIV in 25 years, of which 2.5 million have died. By the end of 2005, there were 38.6 million HIV-infected people in the world, with 465,438+million new HIV-infected people in that year, and another 2.8 million people died of AIDS. In June 2006, UNAIDS and the World Health Organization (WHO) released the latest information on the global AIDS epidemic in 2006 in Geneva. The report shows that the global AIDS epidemic is still on the rise: at present, 39.5 million people are infected with HIV, 2.6 million more than in 2004, including 2.3 million children under the age of 15. In 2006, 2.9 million people died of AIDS worldwide, including 380,000 children under 0/5. In the same year, 4.3 million people were newly infected, of which 65% (about 2.8 million people) appeared in sub-Saharan Africa. Call on governments to pay full attention to preventing the spread of AIDS in order to prevent the situation from worsening. According to experts, it takes several years, even as long as 10 or even longer, for HIV-infected people to develop into AIDS patients from the initial stage of infection. Aids patients will have a variety of infections due to extremely low resistance, such as herpes zoster, oral mold infection, tuberculosis, enteritis, pneumonia, encephalitis caused by special pathogenic microorganisms and so on. Malignant tumors often occur in the later stage until they die of long-term consumption and general failure. Although many medical researchers around the world have made great efforts, so far, no specific drugs have been developed to eradicate AIDS, and there is no effective preventive vaccine. At present, this kind of "super cancer" with a mortality rate almost as high as 100% has been listed as a Class B legal infectious disease in China, and it is one of the infectious diseases monitored by frontier health. Therefore, we call it "super terminal disease".