What are Balkan countries, including which countries?

Balkan countries mainly refer to eight countries in Southeast Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Turkey and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This area is called "European powder keg". Due to territorial disputes, ethnic disputes, religious beliefs and different cultural backgrounds, wars and conflicts have continued in the history of the Balkans. Until the end of the twentieth century, there were still many unstable factors in the Balkans: Greece and Turkey were tense because of the ownership of Aegean islands and the Cyprus issue; The dispute between Macedonia and Greece over the country name remains unresolved; There is a potential crisis between Greece and Albania due to the minority issues; There are Kosovo problems between Albania and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and how to deal with these problems is directly related to the stability of the whole Balkan region.

1997165438+1On 3rd and 4th of October, the first Balkan summit was held in Crete, Greece. This was the first time that Balkan countries had discussed the issue of regional cooperation since 19 1 the disintegration of Yugoslavia and 1992 the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The meeting issued a joint statement, stressing the determination of the eight governments to strengthen regional cooperation within the framework of peace, security, good-neighborliness, stability, equality and mutual benefit, and make joint efforts to build the Balkan region into a region of cooperation and prosperity. The statement said that Balkan countries will strengthen cooperation in the fields of infrastructure, energy, transportation, communication, science and technology education, culture and sports, and will coordinate their actions in combating drug smuggling, illegal immigration and terrorist activities. They believe that cultural and religious differences should not be a threat to regional cooperation and security, but should be regarded as inspiration, creativity and driving force. The meeting also decided that the foreign ministers of the eight countries will hold at least one meeting every year for political consultation in the future to promote cooperation on stability and security issues in the region. After the meeting between the Prime Ministers of Greece and Turkey, they said that the two sides agreed to gradually eliminate their differences through continued contacts and political dialogue. Yugoslav President Milosevic and Albanian Prime Minister Nano also held their first meeting in 40 years.

The second Balkan summit was held in Turkey on 1998.

The third Balkan summit was held in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, on July 29th, 1999, which was an integral part of the first summit of the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe.

The fourth Balkan Summit held an informal summit in Skopje, Macedonia on 25 October 2000/KLOC-0, which was supported by the European Union. The presidents of Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania and the prime ministers of Greece and Turkey attended the meeting. Senior officials from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia attended the meeting as observers. The Special Coordinator of the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe, the US Ambassador to the United Nations and EU officials attended the meeting. The main topics of the meeting were the situation in the Balkans and the process of cooperation, and there were serious differences when discussing the status of Kosovo. The meeting adopted a joint statement, promising that all countries will continue to cooperate constructively to solve all problems left over from history in the spirit of equality, mutual understanding and good-neighborliness.

The fifth Balkan Summit was held in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, on February 23rd, 2006. Croatia attended the meeting as an observer. The initial theme of the meeting was to discuss regional economic cooperation, especially energy cooperation, and how to attract foreign investment. However, due to the tense situation in Kosovo and southern Serbia, the meeting still discussed regional security and democratic prospects, stability in Southeast Europe and other issues. The meeting adopted a joint statement, stating that after 10 years of war and conflict, it is now possible for the Balkan region to achieve the same goal of economic and social progress in the region; The meeting adopted an action plan for regional economic cooperation, which defined the priority areas of regional cooperation; The meeting accepted Bosnia and Herzegovina as a full member of the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe and restored Yugoslavia's membership in the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe; Macedonia and Yugoslavia signed a border agreement.