Performance of Ecological Environment Deterioration in amazon rain forest

The forests on both sides of the Amazon River are vast. Abundant rain, hot and humid climate and long-term strong sunshine provide unique conditions for the growth of plants in the Amazon River basin, making this region the largest tropical rain forest area in the world, with a forest area of 300 million hectares, accounting for13 of the existing tropical rain forests in the world, of which 87% are in Brazil. It is rich in natural resources, rich in species, complex in ecological environment and well-preserved in biodiversity, and has the reputation of "biologist's paradise" and "lung of the earth".

However, the Amazon rainforest is not loved by human beings because of its wealth, and uncontrolled development has caused great damage to the local natural environment.

With the development of Brazil's domestic economy, a large number of immigrants poured into the edge of the Amazon rainforest. In order to get food from nature, people use various means and tools to seize forests and reclaim farmland. With the continuous extension of highway and railway trunk lines, it is easier for farmers to go deep into the original dense forest to cut wood, burn wasteland and cultivate. In the process of reclamation, people drove heavy tractors into the forest, cut down trees and set them on fire. The ecological environment in forest areas is very fragile, and most nutrients are not in the soil, but stored in living plants. After the forest burned out, most of the nutrients drifted away with the wind. Farming on the reclaimed land, after one or two seasons, the soil is either exhausted or washed away by rain, and nothing grows. Multinational enterprises are interested in the rich local mineral resources such as iron, copper and bauxite, and do not hesitate to invest heavily in mining.

According to the data of Brazil's National Bureau of Geography and Statistics, the area of rainforest destroyed in the Amazon region reaches 23,000 square kilometers every year. In the past 30 years, 1/6 of the world's largest rainforest area has been seriously damaged. Compared with 400 years ago, the forest area in Brazil has been reduced by half. Experts pointed out that the reduction of tropical rain forests not only means the reduction of forest resources, but also means the deterioration of the global environment. If the Amazon forest is completely cut down, the oxygen on which human beings depend will decrease 1/3.

The deforestation of the Amazon forest has not brought more wealth to Brazilians. They just fill their stomachs, but what they bring is eternal trauma and irreparable harm to nature. Excessive deforestation causes soil erosion, soil desertification and serious soil erosion. Due to deforestation and ecological destruction, some areas of Pará and Amapa in northeastern Brazil have become the driest and poorest places in Brazil.

Amazon rainforest is rich in vegetation, with 1200 different kinds of plants per square kilometer. However, with the decrease of tropical rainforests, at least 500,000 to 800,000 species of animals and plants will be extinct within a few years, and the loss of rainforest gene pool will become one of the greatest losses for mankind.

In this regard, the Brazilian government has become more and more aware of the seriousness of the problem, formulated a number of environmental protection policies, and adopted various measures to strengthen the protection and monitoring of the forest environment. Environmental protection and sustainable development have become one of the government's priority goals.