Shanxi Quality Immigrant Service Promotion Conference

When we mentioned the locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi Province as descendants of immigrants, it seemed that something in our hearts was touched. How many people go there to find their roots and ask their ancestors? How many old people used to talk about it? Why are there great immigrants? There were a large number of Shanxi immigrants in the Ming Dynasty. Where did Shanxi get such a large population?

Shanxi has a long history, and the birthplace of Yao and Shun is Yuncheng in the south of Shanxi and Fenhe River Basin in Linfen. Wei Qing, Guan Yu, Wang Bo, Wang Wei, Sima Guang and many other historical celebrities are from Shaanxi. Geographically speaking, Shanxi is surrounded by the Yellow River in the south and west, Taihang Mountain in the east, and there are many dangerous passes around, with a basin formed by the impact of Fenhe River in the middle. After five years of chaos in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties became a melting pot of ethnic integration, because of its rich water resources and high grain output. It has become a relatively rich place, and the prosperity of Taiyuan is second only to Chang 'an. By the Northern Song Dynasty, northern Shaanxi had become the front line of fighting against Liao. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, he fought against Liao in Yanmenguan. The Southern Song Dynasty became a golden territory again, Shanxi became riddled with holes, forgotten and abandoned by dignitaries, and its prosperity was gone forever, while the rural people began to develop slowly.

Shanxi became the hinterland of the empire in the Yuan Dynasty. The Yellow River is called the mother river of China, and it is also called "the scourge of China" in the history of China. In less than 100 years under the Yuan Dynasty, the Yellow River overflowed and burst its banks many times, and all parts of the Central Plains were affected every year. People from all over the country rose up, and the Yuan court team brutally suppressed them. At that time, people in Henan, Shandong and Anhui suffered the most casualties. In A.D. 1344, it rained for days in Shandong and Henan, and the Yellow River burst its banks and diverted its course. The river flows northward, and the Baimao levee in Cao Xian County, Shandong Province is washed away. The water depth of the flat is more than 20 feet. In June, it broke its banks and moved northward, and all coastal counties were flooded. Nowadays, the junction of Shandong, Anhui, Henan and Jiangsu has become the country of Wan Li, and people in the affected areas have fled to Jinnan, Shanxi Province, where the terrain is high and is not affected by floods. People who come here have a relatively stable life. Jinnan used to be the most prosperous place in the Central Plains. Victims from Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and even Hebei flooded into Shanxi, looking for a place to stay.

The prime minister of Yuan Dynasty used Jia Lu to govern the Yellow River, which was generally successful, but corruption brought disaster to the people along the coast. Jia Lu recruited/kloc-0.5 million migrant workers and 20,000 troops from Bianliang, Daming and Luzhou to control the Yellow River. Corrupt officials in the imperial court deducted the project payment and food expenses, and a large number of migrant workers engaged in high-intensity labor with hungry stomachs, giving almost no rest time, so many people died, and corrupt officials along the coast took bribes and perverted the law. The White Lotus Sect took the opportunity to rebel, and then there was the "Red Scarf Army Uprising".

The rebels attacked Shanxi several times, all on the grounds that Shanxi was easy to defend but difficult to attack. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang rose in Fengyang, but the forces of various factions in Mongolia and the Yuan Dynasty once had civil strife and scuffled in the Central Plains. The general in the Yuan Dynasty was named Wang Baobao, and his military strength was very strong. Shanxi is his base area. There was no major war in Shanxi in the middle period before the Ming and Mongolian wars. After Zhu Yuanzhang pacified the south, he went north to explore Mongolia and yuan, with Shandong, Henan and Hebei as the main battlefields. After the difficulty of the soldiers, the refugees once again entered Shanxi. When the soldiers of the Ming army pointed directly at Shanxi, the court of Mengyuan had reached the end, and Ming Taizu Tanghe attacked Shanxi, but was defeated by Wang Baobao in Shangdang Handian, and the battlefield moved to Hebei. Later, Wang Baobao was defeated by Xu Da, a general of Ming Dynasty in Zhuolu, Hebei, so disasters and wars spread less in Shanxi, but the population increased. According to historical records, there were 60 million people in the whole country in the early Ming Dynasty and more than 4 million in Shanxi. At that time, Hongdong County of Pingyang Prefecture was the largest and most populous county in southern Shanxi.

After the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, after more than 20 years, Zhu Yuanzhang unified the world. At this time, the mountains and rivers were devastated and devastated, and Shandong, Henan and Hebei became more and more uninhabited. In order to restore agricultural production, develop economy, balance population and consolidate the rule of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang listened to the advice of Zhengzhou ruler Su Qi. "The apprentice, the land reclamation to the Central Plains, ... recruit people who have not been naturalized, hand over the cow seeds to officials, and plow them in time. Their obedience can increase the number of households and open up fields. " This kicked off the great immigration.

Zhongshu Province has formulated the relocation strategy according to the proportion of "one family of four, two families of six and three families of eight". People with the same surname and family can't live in the same place. People with the same surname had to change their surnames in order to move to a place with their relatives, and a beautiful family was torn apart. Artificially created the separation of family ties, where are you going, and some tricks were used in the immigration process. But on the whole, Zhu Yuanzhang's immigrants are better than his son Judy. He has suffered and knows the sufferings of the people. Zhu Yuanzhang repeatedly ordered that money and grain taxes be exempted in some places. According to historical records, in February of the fourth year of Hongwu, the court ordered the Ministry of Industry to send officials to Guangdong to buy cattle for the people in the Central Plains.

In the early days of Zhu Yuanzhang, most northern immigrants were displaced during Judy's struggle for the throne of Zhu Yunwen. Judy began to emigrate after she took the world. In modern times, a folk Song Like is circulated in the northern provinces of China: "Where did my ancestors come from?" Sophora japonica in Hongdong, Shanxi. ""What's the name of my hometown? The old man's nest under the big locust tree. "That is to say, my ancestors migrated from the locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi. At that time, Judy's Yan Jun and Zhu Yunwen's army fought for three or four years in Hebei, Shandong, Henan and northern Jiangsu. History books call it "the battle of Jingnan", and folklore calls it "the prince sweeping the north" During this period, the people were destroyed by war and attacked by natural disasters. " Nine of the ten villages were destroyed, leaving only 1 1.2 people. After seizing the world, in order to restore the economy of the northern region, in the early years of Yongle, Shaanxi issued an imperial edict to "divide Ding into two areas: Calm and Nanguan for the people". "Therefore, the central government at that time set up an immigration agency in Hongtong County to deal with immigration matters.

According to the records of Hongdong County Records and Dahuaishu Records, during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, people who had no land or little land in Guangji Temple on the left side of Dahuaishu, Ze, Lu, Fen and Pingyang, moved to the Central Plains and gave cattle, seeds and travelling expenses to the relocated people. Under the Han Huai River, which was surrounded by trees and shaded for several acres, local officials were relocated. Team up according to where you are going, and then send everything there.

It can be seen that the era of migration of Sophora japonica in Hongdong was in Yongle period, and Sophora japonica was a transit point for immigrants in Yongle period, where immigrants received "taking care of Sichuan capital" and embarked on a difficult journey.

The government coaxed the people, and those who wanted to emigrate waited at home. Those who didn't want to emigrate rushed to the big locust tree in Hongtong County to register within three days. So in three days, about 100,000 people gathered under the big pagoda tree, and as a result, they were surrounded by officers and men, tied up with ropes, and began to register with the cries of the people. Some fled halfway, were recovered and brutally punished, some had their ears cut off, some had tattoos on their faces, and some said that people cut off their toenails to mark them to prevent escape. Walking with hands tied, it is convenient to call it "the head of the world", which comes from this. Judging from the two halves of the little toenail, it is the offspring of immigrants, and it is also from this. The psychological trauma left behind cannot be healed for generations.

Relocated people leave their hometown with their children, help the old and take care of the young, and are unwilling to leave their hometown. They stared at the ancient locusts and heard the cry of the old storks perched on the branches. For them, it was a sad cry, thinking that they might never return to their hometown in this life. In order to let their children remember their hometown forever, they will come back one day. Pointing to the big pagoda tree with the deepest memory of children and the old stork nest above, don't forget, if you can go back to your hometown in the future and can't remember our village, then find this pagoda tree full of old stork nests first, and then slowly find your hometown. Old storks are rare in the Central Plains, and later people called their nests old storks' nests. Wherever people go, they are affectionate as long as they are under the nest of the old stork of the great locust tree in Hongdong.

The old stork is a stork magpie, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wang Zhihuan, who lives in the heron lodge, the mountains cover the day, and the ocean drains the golden river. But as long as you climb a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. "The stork tower, formerly known as the stork tower, is located on the east bank of the Yellow River west of the ancient city of Zhou Pu, yongji city, Shanxi Province, and was built in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Pucheng and Hongdong in Linfen belong to the south of Shanxi, so it can be seen that ancient stork magpies are more common in the south of Shanxi. The nest of storks and magpies and dead branches on that big locust tree are all homesickness.

The ancient Sophora japonica trees planted in the Han Dynasty have the same roots. The first, second, third and existing trees are the third generation. The first generation of trees and Guangji Temple, which was built in the second year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, were washed away by water after immigration in the Ming Dynasty, and the second generation of trees dried up. After the Revolution of 1911, at the end of191,Lu Yongxiang, the third elite town of Beiyang Qing army, led five or six thousand troops into Shaanxi to suppress the revolutionary army. When Lu Yongxiang's troops marched into Shanxi to prepare for the bloodbath of Hongdong City in southern Shanxi, the soldiers in Hebei, Shandong and Henan saw the big pagoda tree outside the city and actually laid down their weapons and removed their armor. The soldiers ran under the tree one by one, folded the branches of Sophora japonica into incense and knelt down to pay homage. No matter how the chief gives orders, no one wants to attack Hongtong City. They all believe it. This is where their ancestors set out.

Immigrants regard Hongdong in Shanxi as their ancestral home, and Sophora japonica has become a symbol of their ancestral home. It has entrusted many Chinese sons and daughters to pursue the root of life. Let our ancient homesickness be placed. As a nation, * * * has the same memory. When I was a child, I saw locust trees planted in rural people's yards. Now I know that Sophora japonica is not only for enjoying the cool under the tree, but also for carrying so heavy things.

From the early years of Hongwu to the end of Yongle 15, large immigrants moved for 50 years, with a population of more than10 million, including Han, Mongolian and Hui. More than 800 surnames came from Shanxi, and there were seven large-scale immigrants, more than ten times successively. People who moved to southern Shanxi, southeastern Shanxi, Jinzhong and Lvliang moved to more than 490 counties and cities in today's 18 provinces, including Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Northwest Shanxi and Northeast China. As I said before, immigrants are not only Shanxi people, but also people from all over the country who have fled to Shanxi because they have no land. The people who stayed were all over the country. Under the big locust tree in Hongdong, it was probably just the biggest immigrant "point and place" at that time, so it was unrealistic for all immigrants to start from there. But as an emotional support. It has been recorded in the local county annals, and numerous family genealogies and ancestral monuments. In order not to forget their homeland, many descendants of immigrants have registered their genealogy. Recording migration, historical attention has never been paid to the people. On the other hand, people carry history. Today, 600 years later, the descendants of immigrants have spread all over the country in more than 20 provinces, and some even as far away as South Asia. Great immigration has become the historical memory of the whole Chinese nation.