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Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is known as one of the largest art treasures in the world for the following reasons:

1, Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, and Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu are the four largest grottoes in China. Because Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a trinity of architecture, murals and statues, Mogao Grottoes ranks first.

2. In the long and colorful history of mankind, there are four cultures with the widest scope, which are self-contained and radiant, namely Greek culture, Egyptian culture, Indian culture and China culture. These four cultures once met in a charming place and got the most incisive display. This place is Dunhuang, the cultural holy land of China, which is vividly reflected in the art of Mogao Grottoes.

The rise of Dunhuang is related to its geographical location. There used to be four roads running through Dunhuang. The first one is from Dunhuang northbound to Hami at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, and then westbound to Turpan Basin. The second line runs from Dunhuang to the west along the Sulai River, across the end of the river, to the west is Lanord, to the north across the Kuruk Mountain, towards the so-called Kashun Gobi, and reaches the Turpan Basin. The third article still starts from Dunhuang, goes to the west of Sulai River, crosses the desert to the eastern end of Old Lop Nur, turns north near Loulan site or Yingpan, and crosses Kuluk Mountain to Turpan Basin. Fourth, from Dunhuang to the west, to Loulan and Yingpan, and then from here along the Peacock River, now the Tarim River to Korla, and then from here to the northeast, via Yanqi to Turpan. The first road is the official road, and the other three are probably the earliest businessmen and nomads. It can be seen that Dunhuang is located in the throat of east-west traffic. Its superior geographical position enables it to calmly absorb various cultures, then integrate them and express them in its own unique way. Dunhuang Grottoes are such a way of expression. It is a treasure house of China culture and art, and also the crystallization of human civilization. For example, the Buddha statues in the early colored sculptures of Mogao Grottoes have high noses and deep eyes, which have the characteristics of western Greeks; The line carving of Buddha's clothes has the techniques of Greek and Roman sculpture. The images of bodhisattvas in early murals are all big breasts, small waist and round hips, which have the characteristics of Europeans and Indians. The circular palace gate and the circular stigma in the music picture of the Temple of Heaven have Greek and Roman architectural styles. Dunhuang Grottoes are a collection of ancient decorative patterns of eastern and western nationalities. It can be said that it is the richest art treasure house to preserve decorative patterns and paintings in the world today. For example, the honeysuckle patterns and scroll patterns in the early grottoes of Mogao Grottoes came from Greece and Rome; Lotus pattern and grape grain come from India and the western regions; The lion pattern, horse pattern, double goose pattern and bead embroidery pattern in the Sui and Tang Dynasties grottoes all came from Persia. In this way, the ancient Greek and Roman cultures, together with China's ancient culture, converged and precipitated into Dunhuang grottoes art, witnessing the exchange and integration of eastern and western cultures and arts.

3. Tracing back to the history of Dunhuang, Dunhuang County was established during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. At that time, because land was the main transportation channel, Dunhuang was quite prosperous (similar to Shanghai and Shenzhen now), and it was called "the metropolis supported by Huarong Road", even Chang 'an was the first, Dunhuang was the second and Yangzhou was the third. At that time, in Dunhuang, the emissary "looked across the road" and "Hu merchants paid the daily bill under the plug", which was indeed inclusive and prosperous. With the development of sea routes in Song Dynasty, Dunhuang gradually declined. Even in the early Ming Dynasty, Jiayuguan was ordered to close by Zhu Yuanzhang, and was gradually buried by the yellow sand. It was not until the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty that customs clearance was completed. From Guanzhong to Dunhuang, modern Dunhuang was developed. The Mogao Grottoes, which witnessed the rise and fall of Dunhuang, have been branded with the changes of each era. It is an artistic temple and grotto with a trinity of architecture, murals and statues. There are 492 artistic Buddhist rituals, which began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and lasted for nearly two thousand years, including Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia, Yuan and Qing Dynasties. It is a representative grotto in all dynasties. These caves in different dynasties have their own characteristics, including architecture, cave structure, statues and murals.

As we all know, we don't have many ancient paintings now. You can think about how rich historical materials are contained in the murals of the Mogao Grottoes, which lasted for nearly two thousand years, basically uninterrupted and colorful, covering nearly 45,000 square meters, including customs, architecture, costumes, costumes, art and so on.

Dunhuang contains more cultural treasures than these. The discovery of the Tibetan Sutra Cave, like a thunder in the history of world culture, made the whole world remember the name Dunhuang. In the 26th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty (1900), on the 26th day of the fifth lunar month, Wang, the curator of Mogao grottoes, hired someone to clean up the sand accumulated in Cave 16, and accidentally discovered the Tibetan Sutra Cave containing more than 45,000 documents and works of art from Xiliang to Song Dynasty;

2 Heart Rain | 20 15-03-30

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