Main tasks of national geological disaster science and technology planning

Study on technical methods of geological disaster investigation and evaluation 10.4. 1

Study on the Distribution Law of Geological Hazards in China (1)

While carrying out geological disaster investigation, we will carry out research on the distribution law of geological disasters throughout the country. Analyze the distribution and evolution characteristics of collapse, landslide, debris flow, land subsidence, land subsidence and ground fissure disasters in time, space and intensity, study their geological environment background, and study the distribution law of geological disasters by region and disaster species.

(2) Using remote sensing technology to establish a technical research on rapid investigation of regional geological disasters.

Actively promote the establishment of remote sensing information application system based on earth resources satellite data, and gradually establish a rapid remote sensing investigation system for geological disasters. This paper mainly studies the application method of remote sensing technology in geological disaster investigation. On the basis of finding out the spatial and temporal distribution and harm degree of sudden geological disasters, we choose areas with relatively high working level to carry out research on the application methods of remote sensing technology, establish interpretation signs of geological disasters and potential geological disasters, and put forward suggestions on disaster prevention and mitigation through rapid interpretation of remote sensing information, so as to provide decision-making services for emergency rescue and disaster relief. Improve the scientificity and accuracy of geological disaster prevention and control, and achieve the purpose of disaster prevention.

(3) Research on the rapid acquisition technology of field data in geological disaster investigation.

Apply automatic detection technology, geographic information system, satellite positioning system and remote sensing technology to study the technical methods and portable instruments for on-site rapid investigation; Study the technology and method of digital mapping to realize the informationization and automation of the main process of geological disaster investigation.

(4) Geological hazard risk assessment and risk assessment technology research.

According to the development and distribution law, disaster-causing characteristics and its influence on human social and economic activities of major geological disasters, based on the analysis of typical geological disaster monitoring data, a geological disaster database is established, and the basic data and dynamic data of geological disasters are analyzed and studied by using information technology, so as to explore the technical ways of geological disaster risk assessment and risk assessment, and gradually establish a standardized geological disaster risk and risk assessment technical method system in line with national conditions.

10.4.2 study on monitoring and forecasting technology of geological disasters

(1) Study on Mechanism Model and Early Warning Criterion of Major Geological Disasters in China

According to the types of disasters, the mechanism of major geological disasters is studied, and the mechanism model of major geological disasters based on natural, man-made and composite factors is established.

Before 20 10, establish the early identification index and early warning standard of sudden geological disasters in key areas based on statistical laws.

Before 2020, the early identification index and early warning standard of sudden geological disasters in China will be established based on physical model and mathematical model.

(2) Study on the construction of monitoring and early warning network for demonstration geological disasters.

Build a real-time monitoring system for sudden geological disasters, which integrates global positioning system (GPS), remote sensing (rs), automatic monitoring technology and remote data transmission. Gradually build and improve the experimental bases for real-time monitoring, early warning and forecasting of sudden geological disasters in major regions of China, such as the Three Gorges reservoir area of the Yangtze River, and three-dimensional automatic monitoring and testing bases for slowly changing geological disasters in important economic zones such as the Yangtze River Delta, the North China Plain and the Wei Fen Basin.

1) demonstration study on real-time geological disaster monitoring and early warning system in the three Gorges reservoir area. Demonstration research on real-time monitoring and early warning system of geological disasters was carried out in the Three Gorges reservoir area, which provided technical support for systematic monitoring of geological disasters during water storage operation in the reservoir area.

2) Demonstration study on monitoring and early warning of sudden geological disasters in typical areas. Beijing, Chongqing, Lanzhou, Xinping, Ankang, Ya 'an, Sichuan, Jinhua, Zhejiang and Yichun, Jiangxi are selected, and comprehensive means such as meteorological environment monitoring, remote sensing monitoring, landslide mobile ground instrument monitoring, geological inspection and other (human activities) monitoring are used to carry out demonstration research on monitoring and early warning of sudden geological disasters in typical areas, and gradually establish experimental bases for monitoring and early warning of sudden geological disasters.

3) Demonstration research on real-time monitoring and early warning system of land subsidence. Carry out demonstration research on real-time monitoring and early warning system of land subsidence in Shanghai, Tianjin and Xi, and provide technical support for establishing real-time monitoring and early warning system of land subsidence disasters in key areas of the country.

4) Study on early warning technology and propagation of regional collapse, landslide and debris flow. Based on the professional monitoring network of sudden geological disasters in key areas, the group monitoring and prevention system and the meteorological monitoring and forecasting network, the early warning technology and communication technology are studied, and the standardized workflow of collection, processing, consultation, product production and release of regional sudden geological disasters forecasting and early warning information is established to improve the accuracy of forecasting and early warning.

10.4.3 research on geological disaster control engineering technology

(1) Research on Development and Application of New Technologies for Geological Disaster Prevention and Control

Apply new materials to develop new technologies for geological disaster control, and carry out research on optimization, integration, improvement and innovation of various technologies. Strengthen the development and application research of geological disaster control engineering design software with intellectual property rights in China, form standardized, modular and practical design software and popularize it.

(2) Focus on the research of emergency rescue technology for sudden geological disasters.

Establish a technical system of geological disaster assessment, emergency investigation, monitoring and management, and provide key supporting technologies and decision-making basis for emergency rescue and mitigation of sudden major geological disasters.

(3) Demonstration research on prevention and control technology of major geological disasters.

1) demonstration study on comprehensive treatment technology of land subsidence. Shanghai and Tianjin were selected to carry out demonstration research on comprehensive treatment technology of land subsidence. Before 20 10, the demonstration research on comprehensive treatment technology of land subsidence was mainly carried out, with the emphasis on groundwater development and management. Before 2020, it will be expanded to include the demonstration research on comprehensive treatment technology of land subsidence in major oil and gas exploitation areas and urban construction intensive areas, focusing on the research on aquifer restoration technology to achieve effective control of land subsidence.

2) Demonstration research on comprehensive prevention and control technology of land subsidence and ground fissure disasters in 2)Xi city. Xi city, Shaanxi province was selected to carry out the demonstration project of geological disaster control with ground fissures as the main part. Combined with urban planning and layout, the prevention and control measures of ground fissures are studied, which provide experience and methods for urban geological disaster management.

3) Demonstration study on prevention and control of karst collapse disaster. In Wuhan City, Shenzhen City, Guilin City, Yichun City, Chenzhou City, Tangshan City, Tai 'an City and other places with serious karst collapse disasters, a large number of data (especially borehole data) accumulated for many years are fully collected, and the karst collapse risk is divided in detail through necessary supplementary exploration and detailed research, so as to provide disaster prevention information for adjusting urban planning layout and engineering construction.

4) Demonstration research on comprehensive management technology of mine geological disasters. Qitaihe coal mining area in Heilongjiang Province was selected to carry out demonstration research on comprehensive control technology of geological disasters, mainly coal mining subsidence. Select Kaiyang phosphate mine area in Guizhou Province to carry out demonstration research on comprehensive management technology of geological disasters, mainly landslide, debris flow and collapse.

5) Demonstration research on the development and utilization of disaster geological bodies based on prevention and control. With the rapid development of China's social economy, it is increasingly necessary to develop and utilize disaster bodies on the basis of geological disaster prevention and control, and turn disasters into benefits.

In the process of relocation of immigrants in the Three Gorges reservoir area, which attracted worldwide attention, it is necessary to carry out demonstration research on landslide development and utilization on the basis of geological disaster prevention because of the complex geological environment and serious shortage of construction land.

Dongchuan, Yunnan and Wuwei, Gansu, which are known as "Debris Flow Museums" in China, have chosen debris flow gullies with great harm. The state gives preferential policies and a small amount of financial subsidies to encourage enterprises and individuals to invest in governance and obtain land use rights. Through demonstration, we will gradually popularize the experience, explore a new way to combine geological disaster control with land development and utilization, and reduce the economic pressure of the government in the prevention and control of geological disasters.

10.4.4 construction of technical standard system for prevention and control of geological disasters

Strengthen the development, implementation and application of the standard system for prevention and control of geological disasters, and ensure the coordinated development of prevention and control of geological disasters. As an effective and necessary means of modern management, standardization plays an increasingly important role in ensuring coordinated development, enhancing scientific and technological strength and realizing the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces.

(1) Study on the Construction of Technical Standard System for Geological Disaster Investigation, Monitoring and Disaster Reduction Engineering

Formulate a technical standard system or work guide for the investigation, exploration, management, avoidance, monitoring, early warning and restriction of development and utilization of disasters such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, land subsidence and ground fissures.

1) Study on the standard system of geological disaster monitoring. Including the formulation of technical requirements (specifications) for group monitoring and prevention of sudden geological disasters and the construction and operation of professional monitoring network for geological disasters. Specifically, it includes: monitoring instrument quality standards, monitoring data recording specifications, monitoring data statistical reporting specifications, monitoring data access specifications and monitoring information archiving management methods.

2) Study and formulate construction specifications for geological disaster mitigation projects. Including all kinds of disaster reduction projects (including governance, relocation, emergency disposal and other projects) grade standards, disaster reduction project construction exploration, design, construction and supervision norms, disaster prevention and mitigation project quality inspection procedures and standards.

3) Study on the standards of geological disaster investigation, statistics and evaluation. Including the classification and index system of disaster-causing factors, vulnerability index system, classification and damage grade standards of affected bodies, natural disaster investigation and evaluation standards, natural disaster statistics standards, disaster grade evaluation standards of disaster events, annual single-type disaster grade standards, regional comprehensive disaster grade standards, on-site investigation interim measures and statistical standards, etc.

4) Study on index system of geological disaster risk assessment. Including the determination and classification system of geological disaster risk, the prevention and control standards of single type geological disasters in different regions, and the risk assessment index system of single type and comprehensive geological disasters.

(2) Research on the standard system of geological disaster prevention information system.

Establish a standard system for the construction of geological disaster prevention information system. Establish effective and operable standards that can realize the informatization of geological disaster prevention and control, and provide strong technical support for the construction of geological disaster prevention and control information system. Focus on the study and formulation of Geological Disaster Data Model, Geological Disaster Entity Definition Rules, Geological Disaster Prevention Tu Tu Style and Legend Expression Rules, Geological Disaster Prevention Planning Data Format Standards, Geological Disaster Prevention Data Storage and Management Rules and Geological Disaster Prevention Data Quality Control Standards.

10.4.5 research on decision support system for geological disaster prevention and control

Through high-tech means (GIS, GPS, RS, etc. ), the distribution law of geological disasters, disaster analysis, risk assessment and risk prediction are organically combined to form a real-time early warning and prevention decision support system. Using the multi-source data processing ability and comprehensive data superposition analysis ability of geographic information system (GIS), combined with the development of geological disaster analysis software, we can not only receive and process remote sensing and telemetry data in time, but also have the potential to further tap the existing data and realize real-time analysis of major geological disasters and early warning analysis of geological disasters.