Who is the first general of Qin State?

If you vote for the first name of Qin, Wang Jian's wily, Tian Lei's true colors of the god of war will undoubtedly add a lot of points, but there is such a famous name, whose exploits are not dazzling and he is not good at fighting, but he is a master of strategy, helping Qin unify the whole country.

Who will be the first in Qin State? I'm afraid there are a dime a dozen candidates. It is estimated that Tian Lei and Wang Jian have more votes.

Needless to say, Wang Jian, one of the four famous generals in the Warring States Period, destroyed Chu and Zhao Ping, and wherever there is difficulty, it will appear; As for leitian, it is the first killing god in ancient and modern times. From the eighth year of Qin Xiaogong (354 BC) to the fifty-first year of Zhao Xiang (256 BC), 100 years, the total number of enemies killed by Qin Jun exceeded 6.5438+0.3 million, and 920,000 were arranged in Leitian alone.

Even so, if you want to vote for Qin's first place, you should vote for the forgotten one: Sima Cuo! Compared with Wang Jian's wily, Tian Lei's true colors as a god of war, Sima Cuo is not dazzling, and fighting on the battlefield is not his strong point, but he is a master of strategy, and it is his handwriting to lay a unified world.

East or south?

Although the Seven Heroes of the Warring States were unified in Qin, their comprehensive national strength depended on Chu.

Chu is famous for its three highs and one low. Three highs are large population, large area and high GDP, and the first low is the low IQ of the ruling group. When the territory was the widest, the territory of Chu was equivalent to 1 1 province today, with developed economy and prosperous culture. It is easy to chime and compose music, but unfortunately there is no military and political talent. Only a few, such as Wu Qi, are skilled immigrants.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Jin fought several wars for hegemony. Except the most wise Chu Zhuangwang, Chu was defeated. Later, he was even bullied by Wu and lost his capital.

After the reform of Qin was strong, Chu was even more vulnerable, and the rulers of Chu had low IQ. At this time, it became the master. Chu Huaiwang's head may have been kicked by a pig, and Zhang Yi, the king of Qin, was allowed to play with his palm. First, I was cheated to break up with Qi, and found that I was cheated and attacked Qin angrily, and I was beaten out of the water. Finally, he was taken hostage by the state of Qin under the guise of alliance, and his death was unknown.

Although Chu has a well-off family background, it cannot but do so. Finally, it shows its weakness. Later kings, though not as stupid as Chu Huaiwang, failed to make progress and ruined great rivers and mountains step by step. Of course, it is too hurtful for Qin to fight like this, which is why there is such a saying as "Critically attacking Qin" and such a poisonous oath as "Although there are three households in Chu, Qin will die". When Qin Shihuang died, Chen Sheng rose up and played the banner of "Zhang Chu". Xiang Yu burned his bridges and killed 200,000 flies. The state of Qin should have accepted that sentence, and it is always necessary to return it when you come out to mix.

Qin's destruction of Chu is a long process. In 3 18 BC, Chu Huaiwang led the first alliance, which made Qin realize that it was necessary to deal with Chu with all its strength. After the battle of Lantian in 3 13 BC, the battle of worshipping hills in 302 BC and the battle of Xiangcheng in 300 BC, the Chu state basically recovered its original shape, and the time was almost ripe to destroy it. However, Qin also had a dispute about where to start, until an accident helped Qin make a decision.

At that time, Shu, which occupied the Sichuan Basin, was a big country in the west of China. King Shu named Hanzhong as his brother's residence. Unexpectedly, Juhou became friends with his old enemy Pakistan. King Shu was furious and sent troops to crusade. Ju Shou fled to Pakistan to ask Qin for help. King Huiwen of Qin had long wanted to take Shu, but he hesitated because of the war with South Korea.

Zhang yi in the war of words

On the surface, attacking Korea or taking Shu is just a matter of order, which is actually related to the overall strategy of Qin State. At this time, Zhang Yi usually takes the lead in speaking.

Zhang Yi, the initiator of Lian Heng's strategy, has been playing in Chu, then went to Wei, hung up the photo, and recently returned to Qin. He is a typical politician, who has always stressed that politics is divided into seven parts and military is divided into three parts, so he advocates attacking South Korea first, and he has also talked a lot.

His theory is still a strategist's routine. Very infectious, but the feasibility is quite doubtful.

"Alliance with Wei and Chu, send troops to Sanchuan, block the mountain pass of Yuan and Gou, block the traffic in Tunliu, cut off the connection between Wei and Nanyang, attack Xincheng and Yiyang again, and arrive at Luoyang at the gates. At that time, Zhou, who exists in name only, will be scared out of her wits and handed over to the imperial seal of the country, so that Qin can hold the son of heaven and wait for it, and its hegemony can be expected. "

Zhang Yi became more and more excited as if the world was under his control. Finally, he added in an understatement: "As for a small and wild country like Shu, it is even more desperate, and launching mass attacks may not be effective."

From these words, we can see that Zhang Yi's thinking is still stuck in the era of the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period, failing to keep pace with the times, and the trend of Qin reunification has become a fact. What's the use of playing the banner of Zhou? For no reason, the notoriety of robbing the son of heaven fell! Qin Jun's eastward advance to Hanguguan to win the battle of the Central Plains is the general trend, but it is an idiotic dream to go deep into the mountains from a dangerous road to fight with Sanjin to the death. This strategy also exposed Zhang Yi's egoism. His attack on Wei was mainly a plot by his political enemy Gongsun Yan. Because of Zhang Yi's character, he refused to eat this yabakui, so he advocated eastward advancement.

Zhang Yi's nonsense annoyed a surname Sima Cuo, who immediately stood up and refuted it. Among the generals of the State of Qin, Sima Cuo has always kept a low profile, and his fame is not as good as that of Tian Lei, a handsome man. However, some people think that he is the best strategist in the State of Qin (no one). Sima Cuo's proposition is very clear, taking Shu first.

Sima Cuo believes that Qin is indispensable to unify the world, expand its territory, increase its wealth and implement benevolent policies. Of course, we should start with the easiest development. Although Shu is rich and has a vast territory, it is a barbarian country, isolated in the frontier, and no other country will interfere with what Qin takes, otherwise it will inevitably lead to the joint resistance of the six countries. Taking Shu can not only expand the territory, but also gain wealth, killing two birds with one stone.

The analysis was so incisive that ministers nodded frequently. However, this is only the first step of Sima Cuo's grand strategy. After winning Shu, we will occupy the land of victory in the upper reaches, and then take back the soldiers of Bashu and build a big ship to float the river and attack Chu, which will undoubtedly win. Chu Wu, the world will decide. Sima Cuo's strategy is clear and feasible, and it is not as cliche as Zhang Yi. Upon hearing this, King Huiwen of Qin patted his thigh and immediately adopted it, and appointed Yi Cheung to fight Sima Cuo.

We can say responsibly that without Sima Cuo's plan, it would take Qin at least 50 years to unify the world. On the Eastern Front, Qin fought for twenty or thirty years. Today, the beheading of 65,438+10,000 yuan and tomorrow's 200,000 yuan will not hurt Sanjin, and a second-rate general can sometimes beat Zhao.

Sima Cuo's insistence on taking Shu has another meaning, which Zhang Yi and many later generations don't understand. Qin's invincible, stems from the insanely high military reward:

1, ordinary soldiers beheaded a soldier, awarded the rank of knight, and got one hectare of land, nine acres of houses and a slave;

2. beheaded a soldier's officer, can also be promoted to fifty stone officer;

3. An officer who beheaded two soldiers can be promoted to a immortal officer;

Anyone who kills more than five people can get the labor of five slaves.

In the past 100 years, the number of enemy fighters in Qin Jun reached 6.5438+0.3 million, with an average of 654.38+0.3265 per year, equivalent to 37 people per day. If all these rewards are fulfilled, the number of landlords and slaves in Qin will increase, which is simply too much for the country, not to mention the agricultural potential of Guanzhong Plain has been squeezed to the limit. If no new resources are injected, the war in Qin will start.

Take Shu and decide Shu.

However, Shu Dao is notoriously difficult. If Qin wants to enter Shu smoothly, it is inevitable to play some tricks.

Ancient Shu is one of the most mysterious countries in history. Li Bai's Difficult Road to Shu and Romance of the Three Kingdoms are all about this country. Du Yu, the founding monarch of Shu, is said to be half man and half god, wise and open-minded, and deeply loved by the people. Later, according to Yao Shunyu's practice, Du Yu gave the throne to Gui Ling, the Cong Emperor of Shu.

After Master Roshi's death, all the kings of Shu were unworthy. Qin Huiwen, King of Shu, seized the opportunity and had five Shi Niu heads chiseled, and put a pile of gold behind each head, saying it was Shi Niu's fault. Hearing this, the King of Shu immediately sent for him. Qin Huiwen readily promised, so the King of Shu found the famous five strong men and cut the mountain to meet Shi Niu. This is the story of "Wuding Kaishan", and this road comes from today's Shaanxi.

Unfortunately, the road was clear, but Shi Niu didn't deliver the goods. The brainless king of Shu tried to go to Qin. The "kind" Qin promised to send five more beautiful women, and the king of Shu sent five strong men to meet him. As a result, I encountered a landslide on the way, and all the strong men and beautiful women died.

This legend can only be regarded as a story, but a phone call, Qin Jun came. In 3 16 BC, Sima Cuo, Zhang Yi and a surnamed Mo entered Sichuan in a big way, and the Shu army was defeated in World War I, and the King of Shu fled to Wuyin. Speaking of it, the Shu army is really incompetent. Meng Jia is a natural barrier. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei's third-rate general Huo Junyong kept it for more than a year.

As soon as Guan was broken, Shu died, and Sima Cuo simply destroyed Ba and Ju together. King Huiwen of Qin reduced Shu to Hou, let the imperial clan childe pass on as Hou of Shu, and appointed Chen Zhuang as Shu Xiang. Unexpectedly, in 3 10 BC, Chen Zhuang suddenly rebelled against the state of Qin. Fortunately, Sima Cuo killed him in time to quell the rebellion. In 30 1 year BC, the heir of the last ruler of Shu rebelled, and Sima Cuo killed him again, so that Shu was completely pacified.

Political stability and economic prosperity are the primary conditions for Shu to become a logistics base for Qin to unify the world. From 3 16 BC, Zhang Ruo, the Shu Han of Qin State, has been in charge of this work for 40 years. Sichuan has fertile land and a small population, so more than 10,000 households under the control of Zhang Ruo moved to Sichuan to settle down, and Chengdu was built according to Xianyang's specifications, divided into big cities and small cities, which were supervised by Zhang Ruo, Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi personally.

In addition, Yuncheng and Lin Qiong will each build a new city, namely Qili in Yuncheng Fiona Fang and Liuli in Linqiong Square. The three cities will be integrated to ensure the safety of Shu. Silk weaving, iron smelting and salt cooking are the economic lifeblood of Sichuan. Zhang Ruo established an organization specializing in silk weaving-Jinguan, from which the name Jinli came. Now it has become a famous snack shopping street in Chengdu. You can go shopping when you are free.

Boiling salt is Zhang Ruo's biggest headache. Well salt was abundant in Shu, and Lun Heng said that "Xichuan salt well has deep springs", but before Qin entered Shu, Chu had invaded Qingjiang, Funiu and other salt springs. After the demise of Bashu, the Chu army seized the salt spring east of Linjiang. Although the State of Qin gained the land of Shu, the people were short of salt and the political situation was unstable. To achieve long-term stability, we must take the action of Chu State to recapture the salt spring.

Du Ying Wang Qi is pessimistic.

Sima Cuo's grand strategy finally came to an end.

This time, Qin attacked Chu from three strategic directions. The Northern Route Army headed by the famous Tian Lei went out of Wuguan, attacked Wancheng, Yexian and Xiangfan, and reached Du Ying. The other two routes are under the unified command of Sima Cuo. The marked army crossed Daba Mountain, entered Xiling from Wuxia, and cut Chu from the Yangtze River. From Baxian to Wuling Mountain, the South Road Army attacked the vast areas in central Guizhou and Yuanjiang, and detoured to the rear of Chu, which had a far-reaching impact.

In 280 BC, Sima Cuo led an army of 65,438+/kloc-0,000,000 troops from Longxi and Bashu to take more than 10,000 ships, carrying 6 million Yingmi down Fucheng, unexpectedly wedged into the hinterland of Chu, and occupied the county in central Guizhou. In 279 BC, Qin and Zhao met in Mianchi. Lin Xiangru earned enough face for Zhao, and Qin stabilized this powerful enemy just to deal with Chu. Tian Lei's Northern Route Army was on a roll, defeated dozens of Wan Chu troops, occupied Yan State, Deng, Xiling and other places, then defeated the enemy without fighting, conquered Ying City of Chu State, and the king of Chu fled to Chen.

Qin took Shu for only 30 years, but it was able to collect grain and accumulate millet and deploy 100 thousand troops, which shows the significance of taking Shu. So much so that Zhang Yi, who advocated eastward advancement, later boasted to the King of Chu that there were Bashu in the west of Qin, and the boat accumulated millet, starting from Wenshan and going downstream, and reaching more than 3,000 miles in Chu. A boat carrying a pawn, a boat carrying 50 people and March food, floating in the water, traveling more than 300 miles a day. Although it's a long way, it's a breeze to defend the customs in less than ten days. Keeping the well is to keep the city from the east of the territory, and the middle of Guizhou and Wuxian are not owned by the king. Qin family out of Wuguan, southern expedition, the north is lost. Qin Bing attacked Chu, and it was in danger in March, but Chu was rescued by the vassals, so he might as well be half a year old.

In 277 BC, Zhang Ruo, who was well prepared, delivered a fatal blow to the State of Chu. His goal was to recapture the occupied salt springs. At that time, Yanyuan and Yanbian in Sichuan and Huaping, Yongsheng and Ninglang in Yunnan were called "Ru", and Lijiang, Dayao and Yaoan on the other side of Jinsha River were called "Land of the South of the Yangtze River". Zhang Ruo took these two places downstream and merged them into Qianzhong County, which was captured earlier. Qin was transferred to the county magistrate in central Guizhou, and Shu was handed over to Li Bing, a water conservancy expert.

Chu can't defend the city, but he can't beat it again and again. He lost all his geographical advantages, so he had to cede the land north of the Hanshui River to the State of Qin, and moved the capital to Chen to hide far away.

At this point, Sima Cuo's great game of seizing Bashu and attacking Chu by floating river ended perfectly, and Chu survived without its teacher, while Qin's territory expanded several times, with prosperity occupying the upper reaches, and the trend of merger was irreversible.

People often forget the great victory in a pool of blood in the battle of Changping. In fact, strategic decisive battle is very dangerous. If Zhao is led by Li Mu or Lian Po and the outcome is unknown, it is true. Zhao lost hundreds of thousands of people in Changping, but after Li Mu brought back the garrison, he defeated the powerful Qin Jun twice, which showed that it was not easy for Qin to overwhelm Zhao simply from the battlefield, and Sima Cuo chose a weak direction and laid the foundation with a light touch.