What is the significance of the type of personnel who make an appointment to visit scholars for the physical examination of outbound personnel?

At that time, the designated health examination standards for overseas personnel were very specific, stipulating that more than a dozen situations could not be selected, including active tuberculosis, active extrapulmonary tuberculosis, thoracoplasty and lobectomy, serious chronic diseases, organic heart diseases, hypertension, hepatitis, nephritis, serious urogenital diseases, blood system diseases, mental illness or severe neurosis, cancer, schistosomiasis, leprosy, physical dysplasia, severe visual impairment and so on.

Secondly, the requirements of the recipient. Foreign schools generally regard physical health as the basic condition for enrolling students. For example, in the materials submitted by schools in the United States, Japan, Britain, Austria, Italy and other countries. The physical health certificate or physical examination form for going abroad is one of the necessary materials. Some countries such as Japan, Italy and Ireland are visiting scholars, but if they are included in bilateral exchange programs, they also need to provide health certificates or medical examination forms. So, if you plan to go to these countries, of course, you need a physical examination. Physical examination is generally routine at this time. Some forms are provided by receiving schools, some are formulated by the national education authorities, and some can be commonly used physical examination forms in China. Inspection is generally not specified, as long as there is a considerable level, generally the lowest is the county level. Generally, you will receive a physical examination form before you do the examination, which will list all the physical examination items. But every country is different. Personnel can go abroad for medical examination according to the provisions of the medical examination form.

Students studying abroad do not need to apply for visas except in a few countries, and most countries need to apply for entry visas to embassies and consulates in China in advance. Visa is the most effective way to control the entry of patients with the above diseases. Therefore, many countries stipulate that in addition to the admission notice or invitation letter, financial aid certificate, you also need a medical certificate to apply for a visa. For example, France, Germany, South American countries, Russia and Eastern European countries all have such requirements for self-funded students. Canada, New Zealand and Australia, whether at public expense or at their own expense. Although some countries do not require it, there are related columns in visa application forms, requiring applicants to declare themselves. For example, Table 34 of US Non-immigrant Visa Application 156 asks: Do you suffer from infectious diseases, mental illness, substance abuse or drug abuse? The applicant should assure the visa officer that he will give a realistic answer.

It should be noted that many countries now provide special physical examination forms, requiring applicants to go to designated places for physical examination.

Physical examination and quarantine abroad involves infectious diseases and vaccination.

The first quarantinable infectious diseases in the world are plague, cholera, smallpox and yellow fever. These four diseases are infectious diseases that will do great harm to human beings. Later, the World Health Organization announced that smallpox had been basically controlled worldwide since 1980, so now it is generally unnecessary to prove smallpox prevention. However, some countries still need this certificate. The most common diseases now are yellow fever and cholera. There are basically no cholera and yellow fever infections in Europe and North America. Some developing countries have poor sanitation and harsh climatic conditions, and many infectious diseases are still prevalent, such as Africa and South America. Tourists from these areas are required to show their yellow fever vaccination certificates from all over the world. Some countries in Asia are also epidemic areas of cholera and malaria. Different countries have different requirements for travelers from different countries. Judging from the current situation, people who go to Europe, most Asian countries, North America and Oceania generally need cholera vaccination certificates, while people who go to Africa, South America and individual Asian countries need at least two kinds of vaccines: yellow fever and cholera.

Vaccination is mainly carried out in accordance with the regulations of the International Health Organization and the requirements of the countries you go to. The vaccination programs of China's quarantine organs generally include cholera vaccine, yellow fever vaccine, diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccine, hepatitis B epidemic bacteria, rabies vaccine, human gamma globulin, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, epidemic encephalomyelitis vaccine, typhoid and paratyphoid A and B vaccine, etc. What kind of vaccinators are needed is determined by the quarantine organ according to the requirements of various countries and the epidemic situation. Personnel staying abroad for more than 1 year shall go through the relevant formalities at the overseas physical examination and quarantine organ.

Students who go to France are not allowed to work in the first year, and they can only work in the second year with the approval of relevant departments. The maximum working hours per week shall not exceed 20 hours.