Knowledge points about geography and population changes in the first grade of high school

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Knowledge points about geography and population changes in the first year of high school

1. Population growth

1. The main factors affecting population growth: productivity level, medical and health conditions and education level affect the mortality and birth rate of the population, which in turn affect the growth pattern of the population. In addition, policies, social welfare, natural disasters, etc. will also affect population growth.

2. Population growth model (population reproduction model): high-low-high (developing countries with lower levels), three-low (developed countries), transition from "high-low-high" to "three-low" (lower-level high developing countries).

3. World population growth: Africa has the lowest natural population growth rate in Europe; Asia has the largest net increase in population.

4. Population problem - population growth is too fast: population pressure is high - population control (China implements family planning)

Population growth is too slow: population aging - encourage childbirth , accept immigrants (China relies on developing productivity)

2. Population migration

1. The main reasons for population migration: economic (from backward areas to developed areas), politics (political persecution, war) , state-organized population migration), social culture (religious persecution, ethnic discrimination), ecological environment, and other factors (family wealth and marriage, seeking relatives and friends, escaping discrimination).

2. The significance (effect) of population migration

(1) Benefits:

① Strengthen national unity and promote national integration

② Strengthen cultural exchanges

③ Reduce population pressure in the place of relocation

④ Provide cheap labor for the place of relocation.

(2) Disadvantages:

① Causes brain drain in the place of relocation

② Increases the difficulty of social management in the place of relocation

3. Population distribution and population capacity

1. Population and environmental carrying capacity: the number of people that a certain region can support in a certain period of time.

Reasonable population capacity: the number of people that can be sustained. The reasonable population capacity is smaller than the population carrying capacity.

2. Factors affecting environmental population capacity (environmental carrying capacity): resource status, productivity level, openness and consumption level.

Exercise questions:

1. Regarding the population of China and the United States from 2000 to 2010, the correct statement about the population of China and the United States is ()

A. China’s population The growth rate is higher than that of the United States

B. Encouraging Chinese men to immigrate to the United States is a feasible measure to solve the unreasonable gender composition of the two countries. C. China is aging faster than the United States

D. China Both the United States and the United States have a high proportion of the population aged 15 to 64, and the labor force is abundant

2. Aging is a common problem faced by China and the United States. The following statements are correct Yes ()

A. Aging is the inevitable result of social progress and productivity development

B. The reasons for aging in China and the United States are the same

C. Compared with the United States, my country's aging level is still very low, and the pressure of aging is not great

D. my country "gets old before it gets rich" and should increase the proportion of teenagers to reduce the proportion of the elderly.

The regional population pressure index on resources is the ratio of the per capita possession of a certain resource nationwide to the per capita possession of the same resource in the region. This ratio can be used as one of the indicators to judge the suitability of the regional population size. Read the table and complete questions 15-16.

3. Comparing the four provinces, the correct statement is ()

A. The higher the per capita GDP level, the greater the population pressure on water resources

B .The lower the level of urbanization, the smaller the population pressure on cultivated land

C. The higher the level of per capita GDP, the higher the level of urbanization

D. The lower the level of urbanization, The smaller the population pressure on water resources

4. Which of the four provinces’ comparison of industrial development conditions is correct?

A. Qinghai vigorously develops high-tech industry conditions

B. The conditions for Henan to develop industries that consume more water

C. The conditions for Zhejiang to develop industries that use more cultivated land

D. The conditions for Heilongjiang to develop commercial agricultural cultivated land

Knowledge points on geographical population changes in the first year of high school

1. Environmental carrying capacity

1. Environmental carrying capacity refers to the number of people that the environment can sustainably support.

Population is an important indicator of environmental carrying capacity.

2. Environmental population capacity: The environmental population capacity of a country or region is determined by using local resources and other resources, intelligence, technology and other conditions within a foreseeable period, and reporting to the government and social and cultural norms. The number of people that a country or region can sustainably support given its material living standards. (Maximum population)

3. The relationship between various factors of environmental population capacity

The level of scientific and technological development————Determines the development quantity

Resources - the most important factor in environmental population capacity

Living and cultural consumption level - determines the consumption amount

Among various factors, the level of scientific and technological development is positively related to environmental population capacity

There is a negative correlation between living and cultural consumption levels and environmental population capacity.

There is a positive correlation between resources and environmental population capacity.

4. The environmental population capacity is uncertain and relatively stable.

Knowledge points on changes in geography and population in the first year of high school

2. Reasonable population capacity

1. Reasonable population capacity: ensure a healthy life according to a reasonable lifestyle The most suitable population number for a country or region without hampering the quality of life of the future population. ——An ideal "imaginary number" whose exact value is difficult to determine.

2. Significance: It is of great significance for formulating the population strategy and population policy of a region or country, which in turn affects the regional economic and social development strategy.

3. For the entire world

(1) The international community should advocate that governments of all countries, especially developing countries, should try their best to control the population within a reasonable scale.

(2) Establish a fair order to ensure that most people have equal rights to continuously pursue a high level of quality of life.

(3) Respect the objective law of coordinated development of man and land, and formulate sustainable development strategies for the region according to local conditions, so as to maintain a good ecological balance and continuously improve the quality of people's lives.

Exercise questions:

1. Which of the following understandings of "environmental capacity" is incorrect ()

①Environmental capacity refers to the impact of the ecosystem on the population Carrying capacity ② With the development of production, environmental capacity is constantly increasing ③ Human beings can partially transform the environment, so that the population can exceed the environmental capacity ④ The balance of the ecological environment is the prerequisite for human survival and the basis for human transformation of nature

A.①②

B.②③

C.③④

D.①④

2. According to people and The order of the ideal degree of environmental relationships is ()

A.Ⅰ, Ⅱ, ⅢB.Ⅱ, Ⅰ, Ⅲ

C.Ⅲ, Ⅱ, ⅠD .Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅱ

3. The environment has a great restrictive effect on the development of human society, and protecting the environment is very important.

The following four ideas for solving environmental problems are the most appropriate ()

A. There is no contradiction between economic development and environmental protection, and we should develop and manage simultaneously

B. The economies of developing countries are relatively backward, so it is imperative to develop first and then govern.

C. Environmental benefits are more important than economic benefits, and environmental protection must be given priority in development.

D. The earth itself has the ability to fully self-regulate, let it develop and follow nature

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