15 o'clock ~ ~ Advantages and disadvantages of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River ~

The Three Gorges Project is a large-scale water conservancy project under construction in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Sometimes called Three Gorges Hydropower Station, Three Gorges Dam and Three Gorges Reservoir, it is distributed on the main stream of the Yangtze River from Chongqing, China to Yichang, Hubei. The dam is located in Sandouping, Zigui County, in Xiling Gorge of Three Gorges, and forms a cascade dispatching power station with Gezhouba Hydropower Station not far downstream. It is the largest hydropower station in the world and the largest engineering project in China. Many problems such as immigration and environment caused by it have been accompanied by great controversy since the moment it was built. In favor: The Three Gorges Project has three major benefits: flood control, power generation and shipping, among which flood control is considered as the core benefit of the Three Gorges Project. Historically, floods often occurred in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and its tributaries. Every time there is a big flood, the Jingzhou section of the Yangtze River (Jingjiang River) below Yichang should take flood diversion measures to flood the countryside and farmland to ensure the safety of Wuhan. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the storage capacity provided by its huge storage capacity will enable the downstream Jingjiang area to resist the once-in-a-century flood, and also contribute to the governance of Dongting Lake and the comprehensive restoration of Jingjiang levee. The economic benefits of the Three Gorges Project are mainly reflected in power generation. It is a giant power supply point in the middle line of china xd East Power Transmission Project, which is very close to the power load centers in East China and South China. The generated electricity will be mainly sold to Hubei, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi and Chongqing in Central China Power Grid, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui in East China Power Grid and Guangdong in South China Power Grid. The on-grid tariff of the Three Gorges is determined according to the average on-grid tariff of power plants in the receiving provinces, which is about 0.25 yuan after deducting the corresponding transmission costs. Because the Three Gorges Power Station is a hydropower unit, its cost is mainly depreciation and financial expenses of loans, so the profit is very high. Because the Yangtze River is a river with great seasonal changes, although the installed capacity of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station is larger than that of Itaipu Hydropower Station, the power generation is smaller than that of the latter. Disadvantages: The Three Gorges Project has a very extensive impact on the environment and ecology, among which the impact on the reservoir area is the most direct and significant, and it also has a significant impact on the Yangtze River basin. Some people even think that the Three Gorges Project will cause great changes in the global climate and marine environment. What people in the reservoir area are most worried about is that the impact of the Three Gorges Project on the environment comes from the pollution of the reservoir. At present, sewage and domestic garbage discharged by towns and tourists on both sides of the Three Gorges are directly discharged into the Yangtze River without treatment. After impoundment, because the water flow is still, pollutants can't flow down in time and accumulate in the reservoir, which has caused water quality deterioration and garbage floating, and may cause infectious diseases. Some towns collect domestic water from other sources. At the same time, a large number of immigrants reclaimed wasteland, which also aggravated water pollution and caused soil erosion. In this regard, in order to solve the pollution problem, the local * * * is vigorously building sewage treatment plants and landfill sites. If it is found that the pollution is too serious, it is also possible to build a dam to increase the discharge to realize water exchange. The huge storage capacity of the Three Gorges Reservoir will inevitably increase the frequency of earthquakes in the reservoir area. However, those who support the project believe that geological conditions were a very important consideration when demonstrating the dam site at that time. The rock mass near Sandouping is relatively complete, with few faults and few felt earthquakes in history, so there is little possibility of a serious earthquake. The geological conditions in the upper reaches of Sandouping are mainly carbonate rocks, so there is a great possibility of an earthquake, but the highest intensity is not expected to exceed 6 degrees. The main building of the Three Gorges is designed according to the seismic intensity of 7 degrees. Because the lower part of the mountain on both sides of the Three Gorges will be submerged for a long time in the future, the frequency of landslides, landslides and mudslides will increase, which will be the main geological disasters caused by the Three Gorges Project. However, opponents of the project questioned that only static geological conditions were considered in the demonstration process, and the possible qualitative changes of geological conditions after impoundment were not considered. The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is a famous scenic spot in China. It starts from Baidicheng, fengjie county, Chongqing, and winds about 200 kilometers to Nanjinguan, Yichang, Hubei. It consists of Qutang gorge, Wuxia gorge and Xiling gorge. Along the way, the terrain is steep, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, and there are many historical sites. After the impoundment of the reservoir, the canyon feeling of the Three Gorges will be weakened to a certain extent, but the mountains on both sides of the Three Gorges are steep and steep, and the mountains like "Kuimen Tianxia" are all above 1000 meters, so the visual perception will not be too different. At the same time, after water storage, some deep-water scenic spots will be more convenient for tourists to visit. However, due to the extensive publicity of "Farewell to the Three Gorges Tour" by tourism agencies in190' s, people generally think that the scenery of the Three Gorges is no longer beautiful after the impoundment, so the Three Gorges tourism has plummeted since 2003.

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Help flood control. Flood is the most serious and widely distributed natural disaster in the Yangtze River Basin. The flood control capacity of the Three Gorges Reservoir is 22 1 100 million cubic meters, which can resist the once-in-a-millennium flood. It can alleviate the flood disaster in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. * Power generation. In the Three Gorges Project, 26 power stations were installed, with an average annual power generation of 84 billion kWh, and 500,000-volt EHV cables were used to transmit electricity to Central China, East China and East Sichuan. It is estimated that it can replace coal every year.

And reduce the pressure on railway trunk lines to transport fossil fuels. * In terms of shipping, after the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the river-type reservoir will make the waterway of the reservoir area above the dam site as long as 600 kilometers, and ships can directly reach Chongqing. From Wuhan to Chongqing, a fleet of 3,000 tons can sail all the year round, greatly improving the shipping industry of the Yangtze River. Improve the living standards in the reservoir area. The Three Gorges area is one of the poverty-stricken areas in China. After ten years of project construction, the state invested nearly 40 billion yuan in the Three Gorges reservoir area, which not only improved the quality of resettlement, but also made the newly-built industrial zone larger and more modern. The gross domestic product of the reservoir area reached 78.4 billion yuan, and the per capita income of farmers was 1774 yuan, 2.5 times and 7.3 times that of 1993, respectively. * In agriculture, the Three Gorges Project can effectively improve the irrigation efficiency and area, which is of great help to improve the quality of agricultural products. New irrigation projects will be concentrated in Nanyang Basin, Henan Province, hinterland of Sichuan Province and hilly area of Shao Heng, Hunan Province. These areas have large areas of drought and water shortage and great production potential. The Three Gorges Project is of great help to the development of tourism. After the water level rises, new tourist attractions can be developed on tributaries such as Daning River and Shennong River. The great Three Gorges Dam, shiplock and power plant are also one of the tourist attractions. According to the preliminary forecast of the tourism department, the Three Gorges Project will attract aquaculture personnel130,000 every year at the initial stage of completion. After the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the normal water level is 175 meters, the reservoir area is about 1 150 square kilometers, and there are many suitable breeding areas in the reservoir section, reservoir bay and backwater area. * Coupled with the slow flow rate of the reservoir, beneficial nutrients accumulate in the reservoir to provide nutrition for aquatic products. * Finally, the coordination between the project and the water diversion system. Judging from the total water consumption, the water consumption in North China can be adjusted. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the flow in dry season will increase, which will make the downstream flow more abundant and hidden, and there will be greater hidden water transfer in the middle line and the east line. Disadvantages * Our Green Group has done a series of research and found that the project has a great impact on the ecological environment, so I hope the relevant authorities can think twice before taking remedial measures. Destruction of natural ecology: the Yangtze River has precious baiji, Chinese alligator, Chinese sturgeon and mullet. After the reservoir is filled with water, the water quality, water temperature, flow velocity and oxygen content will all change, which will directly affect the growth of plants, microorganisms and fish in the river, and make most fish reduce or even become extinct. Pollution in the reservoir area: The Three Gorges Reservoir is a river reservoir, and its slow flow rate will greatly reduce the diffusion capacity of pollutants and worsen the pollution problem in the Three Gorges. Problems brought by migration: the ecological environment in the reservoir area is already very fragile, the forest coverage rate is low, the soil erosion is serious, and there is not enough room for development. Immigrants will cultivate more arable land and plant it on steep slopes, which will greatly damage the ecological environment. During our research and excavation, representatives of China Archaeological Team found that there are many sites worth preserving in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. After the reservoir is filled with water, it will cause great damage to cultural relics. Destruction of cultural relics: The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is one of the cradles of our nation, with 108 cultural relics, such as Baidicheng, Zhangfei Temple and Shi Baozhai. After the reservoir is filled, the water level will rise and most cultural relics will be submerged. A scientist, in my research, found that reservoirs can cause a series of problems. The first is reservoir siltation: the Yangtze River has a large runoff and a large annual sediment discharge. Yichang's average sediment discharge for many years is 530 million tons. Reservoirs may be scrapped due to siltation. The Three Gorges reservoir is a river-type reservoir, and the reservoir tail is prone to siltation, which affects Chongqing's shipping industry, flood control and sewage discharge capacity. In addition, the downstream river scouring problem: after the reservoir is filled with water, most of the sediment will be deposited in the dam, making the water discharged downstream clear, enhancing the scouring force on the river bed and causing the river bank to collapse. Finally, induced earthquake: after the reservoir is filled with water, the earth's crust will bear great pressure and become unstable, which is easy to induce earthquakes and landslides of different degrees. In addition, the reservoir is the destruction target of the war. If a war breaks out and the dam is bombed, a large number of houses in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River will be flooded, causing serious casualties. * An indigenous resident of the Three Gorges has lived here for more than 40 years and does not want to emigrate to other places. The Three Gorges Reservoir has flooded 350,000 mu of farmland, 19 counties and cities, and the population to be relocated is about1130,000. Immigration can be divided into two types: inward immigration and outward immigration. Internal migration means that residents still live in the reservoir area, but the reservoir area lacks sufficient development space. I don't want to move to mountainous areas or some barren areas, and I don't want to move to other provinces. Our education level is low, so it will be difficult to adapt to the new life and it will be easy to rub shoulders with the local people.

Reference: Yahoo