Liu Yuxi: a descendant of Xiongnu, a Hakka in Jiangnan (1)

? In the sixth year of Daiwa (832), Liu Yuxi, 6 1 year-old, became the secretariat of Suzhou. After nearly three years of governance, when Yamato left Suzhou in the eighth year (834), he wrote Two Farewell Poems to Suzhou:

? one

Three years for Wu Jun, Qi Linzu Zhang Kai.

It's not a thank you, but it's a reward.

? The main idea of the poem is that he stayed in Suzhou for nearly three years and gave a farewell dinner when he left. Although he is not a romantic figure here, he is hesitant to stay. Among them, "ancestral account" means a farewell dinner; "Jie" means an outstanding and intelligent person; "Pei Hui" means to hesitate.

Secondly,

Outside the running water, the autumn wind blows wicker.

Never see a guest off, sell yourself today.

? The main idea of the poem is that the river outside Nagato is gurgling, the autumn wind is blowing gently, and the wicker is fluttering. This place has always been a place to send guests by yourself, and now it's quite frustrating to leave Nagato. Among them, "chāng Gate" is the west gate of Suzhou City, where ancient officials often entertain and greet guests. "Wicker" stands for farewell, and the ancients had the habit of folding wicker to bid farewell.

? Liu Yuxi is reluctant to part with Suzhou, not only because he was a secretariat of Suzhou for three years, but also because he was born in Suzhou and spent 19 years in Jiangnan as a teenager.

? Liu Yuxi was originally a descendant of Xiongnu. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the country was unstable and recuperated, while the Xiongnu in the frontier continued to expand their territory. In 20 1 BC, Han Wangxin colluded with Xiongnu in an attempt to attack Taiyuan. The following year, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang personally led 320,000 troops to meet the Xiongnu, first winning in Tongjuan (now Qinxian County, Shanxi Province) and then pursuing Loufan (now Ningwu, Shanxi Province).

? It was cold at that time, and there was no ice and snow. Hanwang refused to listen to Liu Jing's persuasion and stopped him. He went straight to Datong Pingcheng. As a result, he fell into a plan to lure the enemy deeper. Liu Bang's vanguard troops were besieged for seven days and seven nights in Deng Bai, a highland near Pingcheng. There is no food and no reinforcements outside. Finally, Chen Ping's plan is to solve the problem by bribing his beloved concubine Shi Jue.

? Awed by the Xiongnu's force, Hanwang had no choice but to adopt the policy of "pro-marriage" and planned to marry Morton to princess royal. However, she only had one daughter and didn't want to get married far away. In order to get on well with Hu, she married Khan under the guise of princess royal, an imperial clan girl. According to custom, Huns take their mother's surname, and Morton's descendants change their surname to Liu. To the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang, Henan. Among the descendants of Xiongnu who followed the southward migration was Liu Liang, the seventh ancestor of Liu Yuxi, who was an official in the Northern Dynasties.

? During the middle Tang Dynasty, An Lushan and Shi Siming launched an anti-Tang rebellion from the last years of Xuanzong to the early years of Daizong (755 -763), which caused great damage to the north and caused a large number of people to move south to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Suzhou is located on the Taihu Plain, with flat terrain and convenient transportation, which attracts many northern immigrants to settle here. At that time, the number of households in Suzhou exceeded 65,438+million in the early Tang Dynasty and 65,438+million in the middle Tang Dynasty. The Liu family moved to Suzhou to escape the Anshi Rebellion. Suzhou in the Tang Dynasty was relatively broad, covering Suzhou, Jiangsu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang and Shanghai today.

? With the rapid increase of population, Suzhou has set off a climax of reclamation, and the number of fields has increased rapidly. The increase in the number of tax households and fields provided Suzhou with outstanding tax supply capacity, which promoted Suzhou to Xiongzhou in the 13th year of Dali (778). In the Tang dynasty, the national grades were divided into eight levels: official, auxiliary, public, optimistic, tight, upper, middle and lower. Among them, the level directly above is mainly divided by political status and military terrain, while the level directly below is divided by the number of household registration, land tax and grain tax. Suzhou's developed economy and rich humanities provide a good environment for Liu Yuxi's growth.

? Liu Yuxi's father, Liu Xu, advocates Confucianism and is knowledgeable. Examination in the first year of Tianbao (756). After moving to Suzhou, he was hired by the Chinese ambassador to the east of Guanzhong. Later, he worked in Huaixi and served as the salt and iron deputy envoy of Huaixi Prefecture. Later, he became an official in Miyagi province, presided over government affairs in Pupa Bridge, and finally returned home from Yangzhou because of illness and death. Although Liu Xu's rank was not high all his life, he was also a literate scholar.

? Liu Yuxi's mother came from the Lushi family in Fanyang, and was born in a famous family, but it had declined by the Tang Dynasty. John young Lv's family originated from Jiang's surname, belonging to the descendants of Qi, and Gao Nuo, the minister of Qi, was the ancestor of Lv's surname. Later generations were given the title of Lu because of the fief. After Tian He replaced Qi, Lu and Senior Two were expelled, and the people of Lu lived between Yan and Qin. Lu Ao was called a postdoctoral fellow of the Five Classics by Qin Shihuang, and later he moved to Zhuoshui area and settled in Zhuoxian County (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province), with john young as the county magistrate, and was later called Zhuoren, john young. Mother's aristocratic background has a positive impact on Liu Yuxi's expansion of contacts.

? In the seventh year of Tang Daizong Dali (772), Liu Yuxi was born, which was very gratifying for Liu Xu and his wife, who were nearly forty years old, and even more meaningful for the name of their only son. According to Shang Yu Shugong, "Yu Xuangui, I am successful." It means that Shun Di gave Dayu a black jade GUI to announce his success in water control, in which "tin" means "gift", "Xuan" is black, and "Gui" refers to the jade used as a trust, which is round up and down. Liu Yuxi was born in a family with a strong Confucian atmosphere. As a sage emperor advocated by Confucian classics, he named his son "Yuxi" and used allusions, hoping to get a title like Dayu one day and make a difference.

There is a cloud in the Book of Filial Piety: "The stars shine through the coffin, and the dream of cultivating the discipline is sent to." It means that self-cultivation was born to Yu because he had a dream, in which "m m o" was one of the twenty-eight lodging places. It is said that Liu Yuxi's mother was pregnant at an advanced age because she dreamed of Dayu one night, so when Liu Yuxi became an adult, she expressed her dream. In ancient times, the name was taken by the father three months after the baby was born, and the word only existed when adults were crowned. Names are used to address elders, and words are used to address peers and younger generations. Words are honorifics rather than names. Yuxi and Dream are complementary.

? This issue ends here, and the next issue will continue. It is precisely because I have always been the daughter of Hanwang that I did not return Chen Hu. If we don't bury the bones of war in Saibei, poetry will enter Jiangnan with great pride.