Why did the king of Nanyue rebel against the Qin and Han Dynasties, but finally easily surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty?

Two years after Qin Shihuang unified the world, he launched two wars to conquer Vietnam. For the first time, Qin Shihuang launched a 500,000-strong army to attack Dong 'ou, Xi 'ou, South Vietnam, Fujian, Zhejiang and Fujian, which were roughly located in parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Qiong and Vietnam today. Finally, the coach died and ended in failure. After Qin Shihuang actively explored Lingqu, five years later, he launched 300,000 troops to carry out the second battle of conquering Baiyue in the south, and finally settled Baiyue, and established three counties in Baiyue area according to county system: Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun.

Zhao Tuo was the deputy commander-in-chief of Baiyue's two expeditions to the south, Zhao Tuo was from Calm County, Hengshan County, which is now Zhengding County, Hebei Province, and Zhao Tuo, as general Qin Jun, participated in all military actions against Baiyue area, and was appointed as Longchuan county magistrate after successfully conquering Baiyue area for the second time. This Longchuan County, that is, today's Longchuan County in Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, has not been renamed, and Zhao Tuo coach Ren Tao was appointed as a captain of Nanhai County.

Qin Nanzheng Bai Yue

After conquering Baiyue, Qin Shihuang administered Baiyue at the county level, assimilated large-scale immigrants from Baiyue area, and successively immigrated nearly 200,000 people from six countries in Guanzhong to Baiyue area. Together with the nearly 300,000 troops left by Qin Jun in Baiyue area, there are more than 500,000 Chinese in the whole Baiyue area. These people live with the local Baiyue people and become the capital for Zhao Tuo to establish Nanyue country in the future.

In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang died, and Qin Ershi Hu Hai came to power through a coup in the sand dunes. Only a few months later, Chen Sheng and Guangwu launched the first anti-Qin peasant uprising in osawa Township, and then, like a single spark, they could start a prairie fire, and the anti-Qin war spread all over China. Until 206 BC, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu successively attacked Xianyang, and the Qin Dynasty officially perished.

Zhao tuo

When the whole anti-Qin war was in full swing, news had been received in Lingnan area. Ren Tao and Zhao Tuo, local military attaché s and local officials of the Qin Dynasty, with 300,000 Qin Jun in their hands, did not rescue the central government of the Qin Dynasty, but closed all the roads into Lingnan to prevent the war in the Central Plains from spreading to Baiyue area. Ren Tao and Zhao Tuo betrayed the Qin Dynasty for the first time, and held their own troops while watching the situation in the Central Plains.

In 206 BC, Ren Xiao died of illness, and before he died, he was awarded the post of a captain in Nanhai County, Zhao Tuo, so that Zhao Tuo could play it by ear and take this opportunity to stand on his own feet. Zhao Tuo took this opportunity to kill all the Qin officials in Baiyue area and put on his cronies. At the same time, he sent troops from Nanhai County, annexed two other counties-Guilin County and Elephant County, and firmly controlled the control of Lingnan County in his own hands.

In 203 BC, Zhao Tuo established a completely independent kingdom based on three counties in Lingnan (Nanhai County, Guilin County and Elephant County). South Vietnam? , Zhao Tuo claimed to be? King Wu of Nanzhao? South Vietnam? Its territory mainly includes all of Guangdong Province, most of Guangxi Autonomous Region and north-central Vietnam. A year later, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu, proclaimed himself emperor in Dingtao and established the Western Han regime.

South Vietnam's sphere of influence

Before defeating Xiang Yu, Liu Bang had no time and energy to manage South Vietnam thousands of miles away. After defeating Xiang Yu, Liu Bang began to deal with the foreign Xiongnu and South Vietnam. Liu Bang adopted a policy of cracking down on domestic vassals, adopting a policy of pro-Xiongnu, adopting a policy of surrender to South Vietnam, and sending envoys Lu Jia to South Vietnam to surrender to Zhao Tuo.

Since Qin Shihuang unified the world, he has conquered hundreds of places in the south and attacked Xiongnu in the north, thus maintaining the unification of China. Baiyue area has actually become the territory of China. Qin Shihuang set up three counties in Baiyue area, implementing county-level management, and Han inherited Qin system. After Liu Bang established the Western Han Empire, he inherited the territory and system of the Qin Dynasty. Of course, he still has to recover the three counties in Lingnan. However, after Liu Bang became emperor, there were years of wars in China, and people and materials were scarce, so he had to be busy outside.

Liu bang proclaimed himself emperor.

Liu Jia is also a very capable emissary. He only talked to Zhao Tuo of South Vietnam, and Zhao Tuo was basically ready to surrender to the Western Han Dynasty. Zhao Tuo said probably means:

Zhao Tuo You are from the Central Plains, and your relatives, brothers, ancestors and ancestral graves are all in Calm County, Hebei Province. Now the Qin Dynasty is doomed, and both Hanwang and Liu Bang are doomed because of God's help. The Qin Dynasty defeated Xiang Yu and established the Western Han regime. You should surrender. Now the emperor has pity on the people and doesn't want to fight any more. If you don't want to surrender, then the emperor will annihilate your clan, destroy your ancestral graves and send 100,000 troops to attack South Vietnam. Then the Vietnamese will easily kill you.

Liu Jia's words are really right. Carrots are getting bigger and bigger, but they also pose a threat. It is not so much Liu Jia's words that play a role as the decisive factor behind it that determines that Zhao Tuo dare not surrender:

1. Strength comparison between the two sides: the Western Han Dynasty was strong. During the Qin Dynasty, there were thirty-six counties in the Central Plains, while there were only three counties in South Vietnam. Liu Bang's strength, in terms of strength, population and military strength, is more than ten times that of South Vietnam. Lu Jia also threatened Zhao Tuo with strength comparison.

Lu Jia is on a mission in South Vietnam.

2. Zhao Tuo's family relatives and ancestral graves are indeed in the Central Plains, which is also a threat to Zhao Tuo. Zhao Tuo is a native of the Central Plains, and anyone in the Central Plains values his family and ancestors.

3. Nearly 300,000 former Qin Jun and 200,000 people in Zhao Tuo also came from the Central Plains. Everyone will miss their hometown and their ancestors, brothers and sisters. If the war really starts, Zhao Tuo can't control whether Zhao Tuo's men will rebel, which is also a threat from Lu Jia.

4, Zhao Tuo said the king, not the emperor, Liu Bang is the emperor, the emperor has a level than Aric, and the Central Plains also has the king of Liu Bangfeng, Zhao Tuo is the mountain king of South Vietnam. Why go to war with Liu Bang for a name? Just surrender and pay tribute to the Western Han Dynasty to maintain the rule of Zhao Tuo? Why not? Zhao Tuo's purpose was only to separate South Vietnam. He had no ambition and ability to go north to the Central Plains, so he chose to surrender.

After Zhao Tuo surrendered, the Western Han Dynasty and South Vietnam have been living in peace. After Liu Bang's death, Lv Hou came to power, and the relevant departments suggested to Lv Hou that it was forbidden to trade with South Vietnam. After the loss of trade, many materials in South Vietnam could not be produced, which had a great impact. When Zhao Tuo heard about it, he gave up the king's name and proclaimed himself without authorization, saying? Emperor Wu of South Vietnam? He sent troops to attack Changsha in the north, which was one of the vassal States that Liu Bang enfeoffed. Zhao Tuo's behavior is tantamount to betraying the Western Han Dynasty. The ruling Lv Hou also sent a general, Zhou Zao, to attack with a great army. Because the climate was not suitable, the road was difficult, and Lv Hou died soon, Zhou Zao did not capture South Vietnam, so he quit.

King of South Vietnam

It was not until Emperor Wendi became emperor that the domestic situation in the Western Han Dynasty calmed down. In order to solve the problem of Nanyue State, Emperor Wen of Han first appeased Zhao Tuo's younger brother at home and sent someone to guard Zhao Tuo's ancestral grave. Then he sent Lu Jia to South Vietnam. This time Liu Jia only blamed Zhao Tuo, and Zhao Tuo surrendered voluntarily. The reason is very simple, the strength is there, and he can't refuse.

Zhao Tuo lived from 240 BC to 137 BC and lived to 103. He betrayed the Qin Dynasty once and the Han Dynasty once, killing five emperors: Ying Zheng, Liu Bang, Liu Ying, Liu Huan and Liu Qi. However, under the persuasion of the messenger Lu Jia, he easily surrendered to the Han Dynasty twice. The main reason is his strength. In BC 1 12, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, sent 65,438+million troops to destroy Nanyue and formally brought Baiyue area under the central jurisdiction.