A brief introduction to ancient Greek history

Aegean Sea is the cradle of ancient Greek civilization.

The geographical scope of ancient Greece mainly includes the southern Balkans, the Aegean Sea and the South China Sea islands, and the western coastal areas of Asia Minor. Its overseas immigrants spread to the south of the Italian peninsula, Sicily and the northwest coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the west, North Africa in the south, West Asia and the vast areas along the Black Sea in the east. Ancient Greek civilization first developed in Crete.

Crete civilization, centered on Knossos in the northern part of the island, reached its peak during Minos' reign in the middle of 2000 BC. Obviously, due to some natural reasons, civilization suddenly disappeared after this, and the development of ancient Greek civilization moved to the Balkans, and Mycenae in the northwest of the Peloponnesian Peninsula became the new center of civilization development.

Mycenae civilization absorbed the achievements of Crete civilization, and at the same time achieved new prosperity in economy, culture and production technology, and the linear characters seen in Crete civilization were further developed and used more. The famous Trojan War took place in the late period of this civilization (BC12nd century).

After the war, Mycenae civilization declined. After a period of historical retrogression, Greek society entered a new period of civilization development centered on Athens, and achieved unprecedented brilliant achievements, becoming a classic period of the development of ancient Greek civilization.

In the late 4th century BC, Greece was conquered by the newly rising Macedonia. Alexander's eastward expedition promoted the economic exchanges and cultural integration between the East and the West, and the ancient Greek civilization entered a "Hellenistic" period. Under the influence of oriental civilization, it has achieved new development in a wider scope.

As an ancient civilization, ancient Greece made great contributions in science and technology, mathematics, medicine, philosophy, literature, drama, sculpture, painting and architecture, and became the source of the development of European civilization in later generations.

Introduction to ancient Greece

Ancient Greece is located in the northeast of the Mediterranean, including Aegean Sea, Macedonia, Thrace, Italy Peninsula and Asia Minor, in addition to the present Greek Peninsula. The winding coastline provides a natural harbor for Greece, and the open terrain makes it easier to get in touch with the ancient civilizations of Egypt and the East.

Ancient Greece was the cradle of western civilization, and the earliest inhabitants were pilar Ski from West Asia. Since 2000 BC, Arcaya from Indo-Europe has entered the Greek Peninsula in batches. By BC12nd century, the residents were divided into three groups: Ionian, Ionian and Dorian, and the aborigines were gradually assimilated by them.

In the 25th century BC, the earliest Minoan and Mycenae civilizations in Europe were born on this land. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, a splendid Greek civilization was formed.

In the Greek Peninsula, which entered the slave society, more than 200 slavery pantheistic city-states were established, among which Athens and Sparta were the most powerful.

The democratic politics of slavery and myths and legends provided spiritual resources for the prosperity of art, which made ancient Greek art present a certain humanistic color.

Cultural exchange makes it have developed philosophy, aesthetics and rigorous science, and its artistic rules lay the foundation for ancient Roman art and even the whole European art in the future.

Greece's wine-making, oil-pressing and pottery-making industries are in a leading position in the Mediterranean, and its shipbuilding industry is developed, which can build three-story clippers. In the seventh century BC, many city-states with developed industry and commerce began to coin money.

Ancient Greek Information Ancient Greece is the open source of western history, which lasted for about 650 years (800 BC-65438 BC+046 BC). Located in southern Europe and the northeastern Mediterranean, including the southern Balkans, the west coast of Asia Minor and many small islands in the Aegean Sea. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, especially after the Greek-Persian War, the economic life was highly prosperous, resulting in splendid Greek culture, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. The ancient Greeks had profound attainments in philosophy, history, architecture, literature, drama, sculpture and many other aspects. After the destruction of ancient Greece, this cultural heritage was destructively continued by the ancient Romans, thus becoming the spiritual source of the whole western civilization.

Greece is rich in Paleolithic culture and Neolithic culture, and it is the earliest human fossil in Europe. When history entered the Aegean civilization, that is, Crete and Mycenae culture period (2000~ 1 100 BC), Greek culture was ahead of western history.

In ancient Greece, slave-owner democracy was first practiced in human history, which once played a great role in promoting the social development of Greece. Compared with the highly centralized and autocratic slavery in ancient eastern countries, the Greek city-state slavery, especially the slavery in Athens, is relatively democratic (of course, this is only the democracy of slave owners).

In short: Ancient Greek civilization: Ancient Greece is located in the northeast of the Mediterranean, including Aegean Sea, Macedonia, Thrace, Italy Peninsula and Asia Minor, in addition to the present Greek Peninsula. This land witnessed the two earliest civilizations in Europe: Minoan civilization and Mycenae civilization. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, a splendid Greek civilization was formed.

A brief introduction to ancient Greek history 1. The Rise of Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greece is located in the eastern Mediterranean, and its geographical scope roughly includes the Greek Peninsula, Aegean Islands, ionian islands and the western coastal zone of Asia Minor Peninsula.

Aegean civilization is the earliest civilization in Greece. It is the collective name of bronze civilization in Aegean Sea and its surrounding areas, and its centers are successively in Crete and Mycenae. Around 2000 BC, the earliest country appeared in Crete.

There have been human activities in the Aegean region of Greece for a long time. Early human skulls were found in Cassidis, northern Greece, and some scholars think they belong to the Nepalese type.

Paleolithic cultural relics are scattered in the Greek peninsula. In the Frankti Cave in Argolis, southern Greece, there is a Mesolithic site about 7000 BC. Residents use stone tools made of obsidian to catch marine fish.

Neolithic settlements are distributed in Greece and Aegean Islands, which can be traced back as early as 6000 BC. The famous sites are Neonikedia, Thessalyskro and Crete Knossos in Macedonia. The lifestyle of residents in the Neolithic period was roughly the same. They grow crops such as barley, wheat and beans, domesticate domestic animals such as sheep and goats, and worship clay sculptures symbolizing high yield.

Agricultural technology probably came from West Asia by land and sea through Xiaoya Peninsula, and may be accompanied by agricultural immigrants. It is worth noting that there is a lack of hard flint in Greece. Most residents of Neolithic culture use obsidian to make sharp-edged stone tools, while obsidian is only produced in Milos Island, cyclades.

This shows that at least in 6000-7000 BC, the Aegean Sea began to exchange needed goods. In 3000 BC, the Aegean region entered the Bronze Age, and slave countries appeared.

The use of bronzes led to the emergence of magnificent buildings in Crete civilization at that time, and the ruins of Knossos Palace unearthed in the19th century were typical buildings at that time. Crete script is generally called Eteocretan ("Primitive Crete"), and it may be written in linear script A that has not been cracked.

In later cultures, due to the invasion of Mycenae civilization, they turned to linear letter B, an early Greek letter, to keep records. About 1200 BC, another Greek (Dorian) invaded Mycenae civilization. After 300 years, Greece was completely silent, closed and poor, and Greek history entered the so-called "dark age".

Because the understanding of this period mainly comes from Homer's epic, it is also called Homer's era. At the end of Homer's era, ironware became popular, replacing bronze ware. Maritime trade has also been re-developed, and new city-states have been established.

The Greeks created their own characters with Phoenician letters, and held the first Olympic Games in 776 BC. The Olympic Games also marked the prosperous period of ancient Greek civilization.

About 750 years ago, with the increase of population, the Greeks began to colonize abroad. In the following 250 years, new Greek city-states spread all over the Mediterranean coast, including Asia Minor and North Africa.

Among these cities, Sparta and Athens are the most powerful. 2. During the Persian War, while the Greek city-states expanded to the Mediterranean coast, the Persian Empire in West Asia also expanded, and the powerful Persian Empire conquered the Ionian Greek States in Asia Minor Peninsula.

In 499 BC, Miletus and other Greek city-states in Asia Minor launched an uprising, which was supported by Athens. Darius I, king of Persia, prepared to attack Athens after suppressing the uprising.

In the first 490 years, Persian troops invaded the west across the sea, but were defeated by Athenian heavy infantry in the marathon. The Greeks won the first Greek-Persian war.

480 years ago, King Xerxes I of Persia led 500,000 troops to attack Greece again. Greek city-states also formed an alliance to resist strong enemies.

The army of the Greek Coalition forces is dominated by Spartans, while the navy is dominated by the Athenian fleet. The Greek army stopped the Persian army at the hot spring pass. Although defeated, it bought time for the assembly of the Greek navy.

The Persians invaded Athens and burned the whole city, but the Greek navy defeated the Persian navy in the Salami naval battle. The Persians were in danger of being cut off from supplies and had to retreat. The Greeks pursued the victory and liberated the Greek States in Asia Minor.

The second Greek-Persian war ended in the victory of Greece. After the Peloponnesian War and the Persian War, Athens became the overlord of Greece.

The Athenian navy is the most powerful military force in the Greek city-state, and the democracy in Athens reached its golden age during the reign of Perikles. During the Greek-Persian War, the Greek city-states established the Tyrol League headed by Athens, which gradually became a tool for Athens to achieve hegemony after the war.

The Peloponnesian League headed by Sparta was dissatisfied with the hegemony of Athens, and many frictions broke out between the two sides. Before 43 1, Thebes, an ally of Sparta, attacked Pilate, an ally of Athens, which officially triggered the Peloponnesian War.

Athens relied on its powerful navy to blockade, while Sparta invaded Athens and tried to force it to fight a decisive battle. The two sides won and lost each other, but failed to win a decisive victory, so they concluded a peace treaty in the first 42 1 year.

Peace didn't last long. In 4 15, Athens launched a large-scale expedition to Syracuse, an ally of Sparta in Sicily, and the result ended in fiasco. The Sicilian expedition weakened Athens and made it unable to resist the Spartan attack.

In the first 405 years, the Athenian navy was completely annihilated. The following year, Athens surrendered to Sparta, and Sparta became the new overlord of Greece.

The hegemony of Sparta did not last long, and the Greek city-states fell into melee. 4. The Rise of Macedonia Macedonia is located in the north of Greece, on the edge of Greek civilization, and is regarded as a barbarian by the Greeks.

But from the 4th century BC, Macedonia gradually became an important country in northern Greece. In 395, Philip II ascended the throne.

Under Philip's rule, Macedonia became the leading military power in the Balkans. Facing the rise of Macedonia, Greece established an anti-Macedonian alliance headed by Athens.

In the first 338 years, Macedonia defeated the Greek Coalition forces in Croatia and gained control over the whole of Greece. Before 336, Philip was assassinated and his son Alexander acceded to the throne.

After Alexander ascended the throne, he quickly put down the uprising of the Greek city-state and consolidated the political power. In the first 334 years, Alexander led a great army to cross the sea and crusade eastward, which started his conquest of the world.

Alexander's greatest enemy is the powerful Persian Empire. Alexander defeated the Persian army in grani and the Kass River in Isus and seized it from the Persians.

All Greek history in ancient Greece refers to the Aegean region, including the southern Balkans, Aegean islands and the western coastal areas of Asia Minor.

After 3047 BC, the Aegean civilization flourished. Later, Aegean civilization declined due to the invasion of backward tribes in the north.

1 1 century ago, it entered the Homer era. Since the 8th century, hundreds of slave cities have been established in various parts of Greece.

After the Greek-Persian War in the 5th century, the Greek city-states entered a prosperous stage, with prosperous economy and trade and outstanding cultural achievements. After the Peloponnesian War, it went into decline.

The Greek Peninsula was conquered by the Kingdom of Macedonia in the 4th century and ruled by Rome in the 2nd century, thus becoming the spiritual source of the whole western civilization. Introduction. I can't give it all to you, because I can only enter 2000 words by asking questions.

Introduction of Ancient Greek Culture Ancient Greek culture mainly includes ancient Greek wars, ancient Greek art and ancient Greek mythology. As a representative of classical culture, ancient Greek culture occupies an extremely important position in the west and even the world. Although Aegean civilization was later than ancient Egyptian civilization, ancient Babylonian civilization, ancient Hebrew civilization and ancient Indian civilization, it had greater influence. In other words, the above-mentioned civilizations are being eliminated in the long river of history, while the ancient Greek cultural spirit has not been annihilated. Its brilliant influence and long-term vitality seem to be comparable only to Chinese civilization.