How did the surname Gu arrive in Sichuan?

The surname Gu is derived from the surname of Gu State in the Xia Dynasty.

The surname Gu is a surname with a long history. The earliest one was formed in the late summer and early Shang Dynasty and came from Gu (now Fan County, Henan Province); the other one was formed in the early Western Han Dynasty and came from Kuaiji (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). ).

According to Song Dynasty Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi Clan Briefing": "The Gu family, surnamed, count, was a prince of the Xia and Shang dynasties. There was an old city called Gucheng twenty-eight miles southeast of Fan County in Puzhou today. In this place, the descendants took the country as their surname. Also, the genealogy of the Gu family says: King Goujian of Yue, the seventh descendant of Minjun, was granted the title of Dongou in the Han Dynasty, and his son was named Gu Yuhou in the early Han Dynasty. He also became the Gu family.

According to historical records, during the Xia Dynasty, the descendants of the Kunwu family were granted the title of Gu Guo (now Fan County, Henan Province), and the nearby Kunwu Kingdom with the surname Ba and the Wei Kingdom with the surname Peng were both members of the Xia Dynasty. An important pillar in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and a barrier in the east. At the end of the Xia Dynasty and the beginning of the Shang Dynasty, the Gu State was destroyed by Shang Tang. After the fall of the country, the descendants of the Gu family were scattered all over the country and took the name of the country as their surname. From then on, China began to have the surname Gu.

And another descendant of the Gu family originated from Yao. In the early years of the Han Dynasty, Yao, the descendant of King Goujian of Yue, was granted the title of Dongyi (now Yongjia, Zhejiang) because he assisted the princes in destroying the Qin Dynasty. Later, Yao granted his son the title of Kuaiji, known as Gu Yuhou. Later, the descendants of Gu Yuhou took the name of the fiefdom as "Gu" as their surname, thus forming another group of Gu residents.

Of these two surnames, one originated from the north and the other originated from the south. Later generations called them "Nan Gu" and "Bei Gu". Even today, when people surnamed Gu talk about their origins, they still talk about "Gu Gu" and "Gu Gu".

After the Gu family got the surname, "Bei Gu" did not develop as well as "Nan Gu". Nan Gu soon became a popular surname in Kuaiji. In the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, it was collectively known as "Lu", "Zhu" and "Zhang". There are four surnames in Kuaiji. Since the surname Gu mainly originated and grew up in Kuaiji, Kuaiji has become one of the famous county officials with the surname Gu. Later, this group of people with the surname Gu moved west to Wuling (today's Changde, Hunan) and developed rapidly, so Wuling became another county commander with the surname Gu. From the Three Kingdoms to the Tang Dynasty, the surname Gu has always been one of the four major surnames in Jiangdong; after the Tang Dynasty, due to various reasons, the Gu family continued to spread to various places in the north and south. By the Ming Dynasty, people with the Gu surname were not only distributed in present-day Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan and other places, but also in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other places in the north.

However, looking at the history of the Gu family, from ancient times to the present, its center of development and reproduction has always been in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Therefore, most of the historical celebrities with the surname Gu come from the south, especially Jiangsu. For example: Gu Yong, the prime minister of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period; Gu Rong, the grandson of Gu Yong, the leader of the Jiangnan gentry who supported Sima Rui during the Western Jin Dynasty; Gu Kaizhi, the painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; Gu Yewang, the text exegesis expert of the Southern Dynasties; Gu An, the painter and writer Gu of the Yuan Dynasty Ying; Gu Dingchen, a scholar at Wuyingdian in the Ming Dynasty, and Gu Xiancheng, a doctor in the Literary Selection Department of the Ministry of Civil Affairs; Gu Yanwu, a thinker and scholar during the Ming and Qing Dynasties; Gu Zuyu, a historical geographer; Gu Zhenguan, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, Gu Donggao, a scholar, and Gu Guangqi, a collationist, etc. , are all from Jiangsu today. Gu Kuang, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was a native of present-day Zhejiang, Gu Hongzhong, a painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, was a native of Jiangnan, and Gu Junen, a general of the peasant uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty, was a native of Hubei.

Among the famous Gu people in ancient times, the most commendable ones are Gu Kaizhi, who occupies an important position in the history of Chinese painting, and Gu Yanwu, a thinker in the Qing Dynasty. Gu Kaizhi, who served as a regular member of Tongzhi Sanqi during the Yixi period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was versatile, skilled in poetry, calligraphy, and especially painting. He was known as "unparalleled in talent, painting, and infatuation." His paintings are mainly portraits of people, gods, Buddhas, animals, landscapes, etc. Later generations commented on his painting as "the intention is stored in the brush first, and the intention is reflected in the painting". He is the author of "On Painting" and "Praise to Shengliu Paintings of Wei and Jin Dynasties", etc., which has a great influence on the development of Chinese painting. Gu Yanwu was born in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He was very knowledgeable and had researched on national canons, anecdotes about counties and cities, astronomical rituals, river canals, soldiers and peasants, hundreds of classics and historians, and phonological exegesis. In his later years, he focused on textual research and established the style of simple learning in the Qing Dynasty, which had an influence on the Wu School and the Wan School of textual research in later years. In terms of phonology, he played a role in inheriting the past and linking the future. He is the author of "Rizhilu", "Five Books on Phonetics", etc., and is one of the most respected scholars in the history of our country.

In modern history, the surname Gu has made many contributions to society. For example, modern historian Gu Jiegang edited the "Chinese Historical Atlas" and presided over the punctuation "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" and the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Si Shi et al. In the scientific and technological circles, there are Gu Jizhi, who serves as the deputy editor-in-chief of the water conservancy section of "Cihai" and participated in the review work of "Encyclopedia of China"; Gu Zhenchao, the first director of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, who has contributed greatly to the development of China's meteorological forecasting industry. Made a contribution. In the art world, there are the famous Shanghai Opera actor Gu Yuezhen; the pianist Gu Shengying, who has won many awards in international music competitions and is known as "a natural Chopin player and a true piano poet."

The surname Gu ranks 86th among the 100 surnames ranked by population in China today.