Historical Evolution of Pingdiquan Town

Many changes have taken place in the history of Pingdiquan Town before the merger. In the Qing Dynasty, it served as the residence of the right-wing Huangzheng Banner in Chahar, Mu Zhi for a long time. During Guangxu period, in order to pay boxer indemnity, the Qing government was forced to allow the church to recruit seeds here. Later, the government of the Republic of China set up a reclamation bureau to implement reclamation policy for mainland immigrants. Mongolian grazing land began to be reclaimed into cultivated land year by year, and villages gradually settled in Pingdiquan Town. During the Republic of China, Pingdiquan was the third district of Fengzhen County, and its office was located in Pingdiquan Village. Pingdiquan Town has been located in Guisui (now Hohhot), Taolin (now Chahar Youzhong Banner) and Datong in Shanxi Province since ancient times. Various service processing industries such as shops and workshops have met the needs of business travelers. It has increasingly become a distribution center for freight yards in surrounding areas. Today, the remains of the ancient city in Pingdiquan Town bear witness to the commercial prosperity at that time. In the 8th year of the Republic of China (19 19), when the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway was repaired to Suji, it was originally designed at Jianping Diquan Railway Station in Pingdiquan Village. However, due to the interference and opposition of Catholics and Catholics in Pingdiquan area, the station had to be moved to Laozuzui (now Wulanchabu) north of Pingdiquan. Because the station name has been put on record, it is inconvenient to change it. After the station is completed, the "Pingdiquan Station" will still be used.

In September of the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), Jining County and Zhenghuang Banner were liberated. The Laoping Diquan in Jining County is set as fourth area. CCBA is located in Pingdiquan Village, and the old Pingdiquan Township has been established. 1957 withdraw the district to build a township, and set up Laopingquan Township, which is under the jurisdiction of the suburbs of Jining City. 1958 September, the commune was established from the countryside. 1Feb. 959, Pingdiquan Township, Baihaizi Township and No.3 Township were abolished, and Pingdiquan People's Commune was established. 1962 is divided into three people's communes: Pingdiquan, No.3 Land and Baihaizi. 1August 1964 was placed under the jurisdiction of Chahar Right Wing Qianqi, 1 1 production team. 1983 cancel the commune and establish pingdiquan township. 1July, 1994, he withdrew from his hometown and settled in Diquan Town.

It is said that the ancient city of Jining Road has been sleeping in the ground for more than 500 years, and earth-shaking changes have taken place in China.

1368 After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, Zhujiajiang Mountain was passed down to the 16th generation, lasting for 276 years. Zhu Youjian, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a very successful emperor in the history of the Ming Dynasty. He is very enterprising. After taking over from his brother, he tried to save the situation. However, Zhu Youjian's mind is strong, his life is not strong, and he was born at an inappropriate time. 1644, Li Zicheng led a peasant uprising army into Beijing, and Zhu Youjian hanged himself in a crooked-neck tree in Jingshan Park, ending the Ming Dynasty.

After the death of the Ming Dynasty, Manchu entered the customs, Li Zicheng perished, and China changed his surname to Aisingiorro. Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in China. After the peak of parabola, China, a great eastern country, quickly turned into decline. At the same time, on the other side of the globe, Europe experienced the industrial revolution, the western powers rose rapidly, and the Meiji Restoration took place in the Asian island country of Japan.

Due to the corruption of Qing Dynasty and the deepening of the invasion of capitalist powers, especially the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, China was plunged into an extreme national crisis.

19 1 1 year, Wuchang Uprising broke out, 19 12 year, the Republic of China, the first democratic republic in Asia, was proclaimed and the Qing Dynasty was destroyed. Well, this Republic of China was the dynasty unearthed from the ruins of Jining Road ancient city "Dacheng to Wensheng Wang Xuan Temple Learning Monument".

So, how did modern Jining begin? When and where was it established?

The birth of modern Jining directly benefited from the construction of a railway artery in the northwest of China in the early 20th century.

Speaking of modern railways, people will naturally think of a person, Zhan Tianyou, the representative of the first generation of "returnees" in China. Because Zhan Tianyou designed and presided over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, which was the first railway designed and built by us in China!

1In May, 905, the Qing government approved the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and appointed Zhan Tianyou as the General Affairs Department and the General Engineer's Office (later promoted to the General Affairs Department and the General Engineer's Office). In September of the same year, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway started construction, and/kloc-0 was completed and opened to traffic in August of 909, which lasted for four years. Before the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was opened to traffic, the Qing government decided to build the section from Zhangjiakou to Guisui (now Hohhot). 19111,and it stopped because of Wuchang Uprising when driving to Yanggao.

After the founding of the Republic of China, roads continued to be built. 19 14 to Datong. On May 19 14, the Datong-Fengzhen section was started, and it was opened to traffic on September 19 15. 1965438+In 2006, Jingzhang and Zhang Sui merged and changed its name to Jingsui Railway. 1965438+ The section from Fengzhen to Suji started in September 2009 and was completed and opened to traffic in June 1920.

When Beijing-Suiyuan Railway 19 19 was repaired to Suji, a second-class station, Pingdiquan Railway Station, was designed and built in Pingdiquan Town of Qianchaqi according to the established drawings. But at this juncture, the Catholic church in Pingdiquan lost moths. Foreign priests incited local parishioners to oppose the station passing through Pingdi Spring, which caused a great uproar.

It is said that the new section of Zhuozi Mountain was extremely scratching its head when it encountered this matter, and quickly reflected it upwards. Many diplomatic frictions in modern China were related to the church, which often became the "grasper" for the powers to blackmail China, and was called the "incident". Therefore, at that time, the railway bureau did not dare to "forcibly requisition" or "forcibly dismantle". It decided that it could not afford to be provoked or hid, and instructed Zhuozishan New General Section to choose another site.

Where should I build it? According to the on-the-spot investigation by engineers and technicians, there is a place called "Laoyazui" (crow is called "black old crow" in local dialect, and the sound of "crow" here is the same as "wow", pronounced as wā, the same below).

This is a small village with a small population. In addition to a big shop for chariots and horses, there are mainly two big families, Huang and Zhao, and there are several physical names. Fiona Fang is a wilderness that stretches for miles.

From a technical point of view, the original picture was slightly changed when the station was changed to Laocrow Mouth. It was originally an arc from Pingdiquan to Zhuozi Mountain, but it was close to an obtuse angle from Laowukou to Zhuozi Mountain.

After argumentation and asking for instructions, the Works Department of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway Bureau decided to move Pingdiquan Station to Laoyazui formally. Because the station name has been put on record, it is inconvenient to change it. After the resident moved northward, the name of "Pingdi Spring" was still used.

From then on, the village name of "Laoyazui" was changed to Pingdi Spring and renamed as "Laopingdi Spring" to show the difference.

At that time, Xinping Spring was under the jurisdiction of Fengzhen County, Chahar Special Zone of the Republic of China. In order to facilitate management, teach 19 Jining Chengguan District to be called Pingdi Spring. 192 1 autumn, Fengzhen County Reclamation Bureau moved to Pingdiquan, renamed as "Pingdiquan Reclamation Management Bureau", and prepared to set up county administration here.

At that time, the director of Pingdiquan Reclamation Bureau was named Yang Baochu. He thought that "Jining" was once the county name in Jin Dynasty and the name of "Lu" in Yuan Dynasty, which meant "fairness and peace" and symbolized "good luck and peace", so he decided to rename the Pingdiquan Reclamation Bureau as "Jining Reclamation Bureau" and submitted it for approval.

1February, 922, Chahar Industry Department officially approved the change of the name of Pingdiquan Reclamation Bureau to "Jining Reclamation Bureau".

On February 1924 and 15, the "Jining Reclamation Area Administration Bureau" was officially changed to Jining County, which was under the Chahar Special Zone.

At this point, the name of Jining was passed down from generation to generation again, and the modern Jining began, and the civilization and providence of the old and new Jining were connected.

Now it is clear to everyone that "Old crow's mouth" is the name of the village before Jining was built in modern times, and Pingdiquan Station is now Jining Railway Station.

After the county was established in Jining, Pingdiquan became the seat of the county government and was called Pingdiquan Town. Although it was renamed several times later, before 1956 Jining was built, people called Jining Chengguan District Pingdi Spring, and even outsiders only knew Pingdi Spring, but not Jining County.

After Beijing-Suiyuan Railway 192 1 was opened to traffic, because Pingdiquan is a new land and a crossroads outside the Great Wall, businessmen and farmers from all over the country came at the same speed, and the vicinity of the station quickly became a bustling business district, and Pingdiquan began to spread far and wide.

192 1 on September 20th, to commemorate the opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway on May 20th, 192 1, the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway Bureau of the Ministry of Communications printed the book "Introduction to the Construction of China's State-owned Railway Beijing-Suiyuan Railway", which was not sold for internal reading at that time. This book provides us with an authoritative record of the construction of the Pingdiquan section of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway.

Ye Gongchuo, the former traffic chief, wrote in the preface: "I just went from Pingdiquan to Zhuozi Mountain in December, 1999, and studied for more than four months. In May this year, I went to Tong Di to report. In general, the whole road is more than 2,000 miles long, spanning five provinces and regions, with Mongolia in the north, Jin Dynasty in the south, Hot Zhas in the east, Hetao in the west, and Meng Qi, Qinghai, Juyongguan and Jiayu. Domestic and foreign trade and tourism will inevitably take a route. Great! "

"the origin of this road building" wrote: "I stopped drowning for many years and just arrived in pingdiquan in January of nine years."

"This Road Engineering Process" wrote: "In the autumn of eight years, Fengzhen took over the trunk line. I went to Pingdiquan in April of nine years and Zhuozi Mountain in January of ten years. "

The above information is very important, telling us three key time nodes: Jingsui Railway 1920 65438+ 10, arriving at Pingdiquan in April, and arriving at Zhuozi Mountain in June 5438+February.

Therefore, the opening time of Jining in modern times should be 1920, exactly 90 years ago!

We can't verify which worker or technician dug the first shovel and smashed the first spike in Laoyazui Village, but that digging and smashing created a new world and gave birth to a new Jining!

This is an epoch-making event in Jining in modern times.

When the railway was built to the old crow's mouth, there was a little-known "episode".

It is said that at the end of 19 19, the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway was temporarily diverted to Laoyazui, and this small village with only five or six families suddenly boiled! People talk a lot, except novelty, the villagers don't know what this thing called "railway track" will bring to the village.

Everyone else is a bystander, but the Huang Laosan family is faced with a choice. The railway repairman talked to him more than once, asking the railway to cross the large farmland south of his home Shahe. They issued three notices:

1. In the future, there will be a train on the railway track. The train will only travel along the railway track and will not set foot on the cultivated land on both sides of the railway track;

2 acres occupied by railway tracks shall be purchased by the railway bureau at the land release price, and the indirect losses caused by farming shall be compensated at the same time;

3. Railway construction is an important national policy of developing northwest China in the Republic of China. The Beijing-Suiyuan Railway Bureau, which is authorized by the government, must be implemented with the cooperation of all citizens and must not resist.

As a family member, this worries Huang Laosan. If you agree to the railway bureau, I don't know if it is a blessing or a curse. I don't agree. I'm afraid your little arms can't twist your thighs. What shall we do? We have to call the whole family to discuss countermeasures.

As the largest crow's mouth, the Huang family had a large number and played an important role in the village at that time, so other villagers also participated in it. In fact, a villagers' meeting was held.

After heated discussion, people's opinions gradually agree:

1. The railway bureau said that in the future, trains will only travel along the railway track and will not set foot in the cultivated land on both sides of the railway track. This is pure bluff. When the cow is crazy and the horse is frightened, who can guarantee that the train will not "run wild"? Besides, in autumn, the crops are ripe and the air-dried things are dry. The train is on fire, and it is not allowed to set the whole crop on fire.

Land price is getting higher every day. Who knows how much the market will rise in a few years? If you sell land at the current price, you will lose money!

The Huang family came here from Chaigoubao to reclaim land. Up to now, it has been three generations, and there are many families. They can't be left to their fate and be pushed around by others. Even if they fight, those foreigners may not be able to take advantage.

So the contradiction inevitably intensified. When the railway workers carried the sleepers onto the land of the Huang family, the Huang family rushed to throw the sleepers out of bounds, the workers carried them again, and the Huang family threw the sleepers down again, so the fight broke out. When Gao Jiagang came to Laocrow's Mouth, he was taken care of by the Huang family, so the Gao brothers were brave at the critical moment and joined the camp of the Huang family to fight the road builders.

After several attempts, both sides were injured and the situation became serious.

At this time, the department received a notice from the general department and decided to compromise. The railway bends eastward and bypasses Huangjiadi.

We can't guess what forced the railway bureau to make concessions. Perhaps it is the manifestation of civil rights in the early years of the Republic of China, perhaps it is the result of a critical situation, perhaps it is sympathetic to the people's feelings, perhaps it is the urgency of the construction period, or it may be ...

Is this "episode" really true? Yes, the plot is my imagination, and the synopsis of the story comes from Chen Zhengxiang's Biography of Huang Jialiang (the second series of Jining literature and history materials). Memories are as follows:

"In the eighth year of the Republic of China, Pingsui Road was repaired to Jining. According to the original exploration design, this railway should pass in front of Huang and Zhao. Huang Zhi refused to let, resolutely refused to sell land; Railway workers forced Huang to stop him, so they fought many times and many of his sons were injured. At this time, the Gao brothers had moved and helped Huang fight the road builders. Later, the railway gave way, moved eastward for more than a mile and turned a big bend. Just because the railway moved eastward, the cloth shops and blacksmiths in Huang Jialiang moved away, small commercial ports disappeared, and many shops were built on Kowloon Street. Recalling this past, Zhao Liancheng said with regret:' The railway moved eastward, the shops moved away, and it is not lively here.'

There is also a saying that when the station couldn't drill a well, it drilled a well in the west of Huang Jialiang Village (southeast of the Union TV station) to lay a pipeline for the station water. The pipeline went through the yellow field, but if Huang wouldn't let it, it started fighting. "

Which of these two statements is correct? I think it is the first kind, that is, the Huang family opposed the railway occupation and had a fight, which eventually forced the railway to move eastward. There are two reasons:

First, let's look at the map of Jining. Beijing-baotou railway faces Huang Jialiang and has an obvious east bend, which is a typical "detour" trace. There is no water here, nor is it a mountain. The only reason for this design is that it was bypassed artificially.

Where can we observe this big bend? Now it is Tongzhou Road South overpass. Standing on the east side of the bridge and looking southwest, a semicircle has a panoramic view, which is very obvious.

Second, from the common sense, if only a water pipe passed through the front of the road, the Huang family would not be so arbitrarily blocked and would not hesitate to fight. Only when the fundamental interests of the Huang family are touched, and they care more, can it develop into a group fight between the two sides.

Therefore, Huang Jialiang's protest can be said to be the first "mass incident caused by land expropriation" in Jining history. Judging from the fact that the railway was forced to make concessions and came in around the east, the railway bureau at that time was people-oriented and emphasized human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

In short, the old crow mouth connected the railway tracks and began to build a first-class station-"Pingdiquan Station", and the village name was renamed Pingdiquan.

1920, the section from Pingdiquan to Zhuozishan was completed and opened to traffic in February, and in May, 192 1, the section from Zhuozishan to Suiyuan was completed and opened to traffic. After that, the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway was built to Baotou Town and officially opened to traffic on June 1923, with a total length of 8 17.9 kilometers, which is the predecessor of today's beijing-baotou railway.