What are the three periods in The Journey to the West?

First of all, traveling to the East is a widely accepted social custom.

There is a barrier between the land outside Shanhaiguan and the East Gate of Shanhaiguan City in the Central Plains. However, from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China for hundreds of years, Shandong people who left their homes began to venture eastward. /kloc-in the 9th century, the lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered from famine year after year, but the Manchu government still banned customs clearance. Despite the ban, thousands of bankrupt farmers risked being punished to "rush" into the northeast, which is the origin of eastbound travel. By 1840, the population of Northeast China only exceeded 3 million, an increase of seven or eight times over 100 years ago, and the national population reached more than 400 million. In the late Qing Dynasty, Russia invaded the northeast of China. Famine was partially banned in Northeast China in Qing Dynasty 1860, and was completely banned in 1897. 19 10, the total population of northeast China increased to180,000. During the period of the Republic of China, there were nearly 40 million people on the eve of New China (data from China Demography, Zhang). In 38 years of the Republic of China, the average number of people from Shandong ventured to Kanto reached 480,000 per year, with a total of more than 6,543,800+083,000, and the number of people from Shandong remained at 7.92 million, which was "one of the largest population movements in human history" and "an unprecedented scale in modern history". Therefore, most of the ancestors of northeast residents now belong to Shandong and other provinces-the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Second, the eastward travel of Shandong people can be divided into three periods.

First, during the period from 1644 to 1667, the Regulations on Recruiting People for Reclamation in Liaodong stipulated that "for every 100 people recruited, the magistrate was awarded the title and the army was awarded the garrison". In the past 23 years, "many Shandong people immigrated to the northeast", and many areas were "blessed with many benefits" because of immigration. 2. From 1668 to 1860, in order to maintain the inherent customs of Manchuria and ensure the livelihood of the Eight Banners, in the seventh year of Kangxi, the Qing court ordered that "Liaodong should recruit people to grant officials and stop forever" and implemented a policy of banning the Northeast. Third, from 186 1 to191kloc-0/After the Opium War, the Qing government's control over the frontier gradually weakened, and Russia constantly invaded and eroded the Heilongjiang border. The Qing government adopted the suggestion of Heilongjiang general Tepkin, and officially reclaimed land in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860).

Going to Kanto is a tragic history and an immigration feat.

"De-orientalization" has a specific route and a specific background. Therefore, it is a social and historical migration phenomenon with spontaneous objective factors and internal political influence. "In essence, Shandong people's crusade to the east is a spontaneous and unstoppable tragic movement for the survival of poor farmers on the verge of death." Japanese Obuchi Hiranaga 1899 recorded the real historical picture of that year in Travel Notes of Manchuria: "From Fengtian to Xingjing, I saw a husband riding a unicycle and a woman sitting on it on the road. If a child cries, her husband pushes from behind, her brother pulls from the front, the old man leans on a stick, and the girl has something to rely on. On the way, her husband called her a young woman, and her mother called her. The team entered Tonghua, Huairen, Hailong City and Chaoyang Town, and confronted each other. From Fengtian to Jilin, Shandong immigrants slept all the way ... ". As the largest ethnic group in the world-the Han nationality, population pressure has led to the spread of the Han nationality to the surrounding areas for hundreds of years: to the west, down to Southeast Asia, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang have also become the immigrant places of the Han nationality. Going to Kanto has also become a balance between population and economy.