Reform background of household registration system reform

The household registration system formed in the planned system era has become a major institutional obstacle to the healthy development of the current society. In the era of large-scale migration, this lagging household registration system has led to a large number of people in a state of "separation of households", which has caused serious social and political problems: 1 100 million migrant workers work in coastal emerging industrial zones, tens of millions of white-collar workers live in big cities as floating population, and tens of millions of people are engaged in industry and commerce in different places. These three groups of people have contributed a lot of taxes to their cities, but it is difficult for them to enjoy all the public services and commodities they deserve. On the other hand, most of these floating population are outside the normal management scope of the local government. The reason why the municipal government does this is mainly to avoid the welfare responsibility for the permanent foreign registered population. However, the consequence of this practice is that the government's management of citizens has failed.

From the perspective of equality of citizens' rights and effective government management, the current household registration system should be abolished and a household registration system based on the protection of citizens' right to move freely should be established. The specific operation scheme of this system is "taking the house manager as the owner". However, the house here does not mean "real estate". If so, it is impossible for most white-collar workers and migrant workers to obtain household registration in their permanent residence. Reform is just a policy introduced by some cities to stimulate the real estate market: buying a house and sending an account. According to the principle of equality, "housekeeper" actually changes the household registration into a basic principle, and a person can obtain the household registration in a certain place if he lives there.

Therefore, the ideal household registration system is automatic registration system. When a person is born in a certain place, he is automatically registered as the household registration in that place. If they leave their original domicile, enter another place, whether urban or rural, and live for a certain period of time, and are prepared to live for a long time, they should obtain a local domicile. Of course, regardless of the advantages and disadvantages of population migration to a place, the local government can set household registration standards. For example, immigrants who want to register as local residents have lived there continuously for two or three years; Have housing, whether it is self-owned property or long-term housing lease contract; Or even if you don't have a house, there are cases of visiting relatives and friends. The key to distinguish the automatic registration system from the current household registration system is that local governments must automatically register anyone who meets these standards. The existing household registration system also sets many naturalization provisions, but retains the examination and approval system. Therefore, many people who meet the standards still cannot register as local residents' accounts.

Some experts interpreted the "housekeeper" system and said: "The reform of the household registration system should take into account the actual situation and adapt to local conditions. A city saturated with talents like Beijing is not suitable for liberalization for the time being. " This is the general idea of big city governments. But this idea actually belongs to the ostrich policy. Even if these permanent migrants are not registered as local household registration, they still live in the local area and use local public goods, such as subways, roads, hospitals, water, electricity and gas. It is true that the government can evade the supply responsibility of some public goods, but at the same time, the government does not have complete management power over them, which means that there is a gap in the urban governance order, and the ultimate victims are the urban government and the registered population.

* * * comprehensive knowledge, lack of motivation.

The understanding of household registration system reform is the most adequate among many reforms, but the reform range is still very small, and no large-scale start has been seen. At the same time, it is also a system with the most inconsistent understanding of the direction and path of reform, the deepest kidnapping of interests and the least motivation for reform in many reform fields. At the Central Political and Legal Work Conference, it is actually possible to complete the reform of the household registration system within three years.

From 65438 to 0958, China promulgated the first household registration system, the Regulations on Household Registration in People's Republic of China (PRC), and established a strict household registration management system. China implements a series of policies such as science, education, health, medical care and employment according to the household registration status. It is a widely criticized system in China, with welfare status and discrimination.

The content of the household registration system reform is to change and reform from the traditional dual household registration system of urban-rural division to the unified household registration system of urban-rural unity, break the household registration boundary between "agricultural population" and "non-agricultural population", enable citizens to obtain a unified identity, fully embody citizens' right to live and move freely, peel off and eliminate all kinds of social and economic differences attached to the household registration relationship, and truly realize the equality of urban and rural residents in the face of development opportunities.

The reform of household registration system is another revolution to "liberate" farmers after the household contract responsibility system was implemented in the 1980s.

The disadvantages are obvious, and the voice of innovation is very high.

The urban and rural household registration system is generally criticized in China as a system with different welfare status and discrimination. This system was formulated and formed during the planned economy period in China, and it is also recognized as one of the most remarkable signs of "dual economic structure".

1 weakens the free flow of economic factors, hinders the sustainable development of the economy, and is not conducive to the formation of a unified national labor force and talent market. There is a phenomenon of "closing the city", which inhibits the free flow of labor and talents.

2. It hinders the process of urbanization, forms institutional obstacles to agricultural modernization and rural population transfer, and is not conducive to the smooth urbanization of China's agricultural population. China's urban development is slow. Under the protection of the household registration management system, cities realize social needs through population control, which weakens the function of urban self-regulation, and municipal and urban management cannot meet the market demand.

3. The further development of the consumer market has been restrained. At present, tens of millions of rural people work in cities and are in a state of mobility. However, because they do not have the status of permanent residents in cities, their job expectations are unstable and their consumption behavior is not urbanized.

4. It intensifies the separation between urban and rural areas, hinders the overall planning of urban and rural areas, and intensifies social differentiation. It is directly linked to housing, consumption (such as car purchase), education, social security and other interests. Different household registration has different treatment, which not only artificially divides the equal status into three or six grades, but also widens the gap between the rich and the poor.

5. The population movement in China cannot be effectively managed. A considerable number of rural people in the central and western regions have no household registration, and the phenomenon of "empty shells" in rural areas is more prominent. Many residents who live in the suburbs or "villages in the city" are still agricultural registered permanent residence, although they are not engaged in agriculture at all. At the same time, many rural residents go to work in cities, but they can't get non-agricultural hukou.

6. Household registration management enables China citizens to have different identities. If someone lives in a place other than the registered permanent residence, he or she will be regarded as a foreign population, unable to enjoy all kinds of benefits there, as well as enough opportunities for school and employment, which is also the most criticized aspect of current registered permanent residence management.

Clear goals and steady progress.

The focus and difficulty of the current household registration system reform in China is not to liberalize the household registration system to restrict the free flow of population, but to focus on how to break the existing interest pattern without causing new social conflicts and group opposition.

How to get rid of its benefit distribution function and make it return to three aspects: as a necessary means of population registration management, how to support basic welfare such as education, medical care and social security without straining local finance.

Only by properly handling these three problems can we completely disintegrate a series of institutional obstacles in the reform process.

The ultimate goal of household registration reform is not only to give farmers the freedom of migration and equal rights with urban residents, but more importantly, to give them the possibility of free development and the ability to compete with urban residents.

Only by constantly consolidating the economic foundation, steadily promoting urbanization, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, striving to improve the personal quality and ability of rural labor force and realizing the all-round development and progress of society can we finally solve the household registration system in China and a series of problems it brings.