About Sichuan moving its capital to the provincial capital

Chengdu, abbreviated as Rong, is the capital of Sichuan Province.

As far back as four or five thousand years ago, ancient Shu ancestors gradually migrated from the western Sichuan Plateau along the Minjiang River Valley to the Chengdu Plain. They worked hard on this fertile land and created a splendid "Shu culture". Three or four thousand years ago, which was equivalent to the early Xia Dynasty, a highly developed Sanxingdui civilization had formed in Chengdu Plain, which was a peak of the development of ancient Shu culture and an important source of Chinese national culture. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, some nomadic tribes began to migrate from Gaofu hills around Chengdu Plain to Pingyuan Water Depression. On the weekend, Wang Mingkai IX of Shu moved his capital from Pixian County to Chengdu, hence the name "Chengdu". The site of "Gan Lan" house, the site of boat coffins, the site of Tutai Jinsha in Yang Zishan and the 12th Bridge in Chengdu prove that the activity center of ancient Shu people is in Chengdu.

In 3 16 BC, King Huiwen of Qin sent Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo to destroy Bashu, changed Shu to Shu County, and established Chengdu County (the county is located in Chili Street) as Shu County. In 3 1 1 BC, the king of Qin accepted Zhang Yi's suggestion and ordered Shu Shou Zhang Ruo to build the capital city according to the pattern of Xianyang, with a circumference of 12 Li and a height of 70 feet. The urban area is very small, which is divided into two parts: the east is a big city, and the county is in charge, which is the regional and political center of the lawsuit of Shu Taishou. In the west, it is a small city under the jurisdiction of the county. This is a commercial and residential area, and the business is prosperous. It is also the economic center, so Chengdu is also called "small city". A big city and several cities are one city. The ancients called it "layered city" or "heavy city". This pattern has been passed down for more than two thousand years and has become an ancient urban pattern in China. In the following two thousand years, the name of Chengdu has never changed, and its ruins have not moved, which is unique in the history of China. At the same time, the advanced culture and iron smelting technology in the Central Plains have also been introduced. When Qin Xiaowen was king, Li Bing defended Shu and built Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. Huayang National Records describes: "Irrigate three counties and open rice fields, so Shu Wo is thousands of miles away, counting land and sea, and drought is water diversion and infiltration. Rain blocks the sluice, floods and droughts follow people, and I don't know hunger. " After Qin unified the six countries, the world was divided into thirty-six counties, and Chengdu belonged to Shu County, which governed twelve counties.

The Han dynasty inherited the Qin system, and Chengdu was still ruled by Shu County. In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 106), Yizhou was established with Bashu area as the center, and Chengdu became the seat of Yizhou secretariat. In the following two thousand years, Chengdu has always been the political, economic, military and cultural center of southwest China, and this position has never changed. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was transformed into a metropolis and a small town in the south was built on the basis of the original town. In contrast, Shuwangcheng is called a small town in the north. Together with Jinguan City, the three cities are connected into a big city, which is called "New City". During the Western Han Dynasty, the silk industry in Chengdu was unprecedentedly prosperous, and Jin officials were set up. Their office was later called Jinguancheng, which was the beginning of the name of Chengdu. During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Wen Weng, the prefect of Shu County, opened a school in Shishi, Chengdu, which was the first local public school in China. Since then, a number of writers and scholars with national influence have emerged. Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong and Wang Bo represented the highest achievements of Han Fu, while the book Laozi, which was strictly respected, laid the theoretical foundation of Taoism, and the astronomical achievements of Luoxiahong represented the highest level at that time. In the late Western Han Dynasty, the population of Chengdu has increased to 76,000, making it the second largest city in China after Chang 'an.

Follwed arrived, Yizhou was renamed Yongbu, and Shujun was diverted to Jiangjun. Gongsun Shu proclaimed himself emperor according to Shu, with its capital in Chengdu (AD 25-36), and administered fifteen counties. When the Three Kingdoms split, Liu Bei unified Bashu with Chengdu as its capital, and Liu Bei was located in Shan Zhinan, wudan. With Qinglong Street as the center, a large-scale urban construction was carried out through Jiuli District 3 of the urban area, and the outline of this area continued until before liberation. During the Three Kingdoms period, Chengdu was an Yizhou county system, which governed seven counties.

In the early Western Jin Dynasty (AD 265-3 16), the whole country was divided into 19 Kyushu, Chengdu was still Yizhou, and the state administration was still in Chengdu. In 304 AD, the leaders of Qin and Yong refugees who took refuge in Shu established Dacheng regime in Chengdu, governing six counties. In 347 AD, Huan Wen, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, destroyed Dacheng regime and ordered the demolition of Chengdu Shaocheng. During 582-592 AD, Yang Xiu, the king of Sui and Shu, expanded southwest along the old city and rebuilt it as the capital, with a circumference of 40 miles. This time, the city was built by borrowing soil, and it became the Maha Pool (now the People's South Road Exhibition Hall). Later, it was the palace of Shu around the Five Dynasties. Chengdu in Sui Dynasty belonged to Yizhou Shu County, which governed thirteen counties.

Entering the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907), the Tang Dynasty successively set Chengdu as a state, county and government. In the meantime, in order to facilitate management, the densely populated eastern part of Chengdu was once classified as Shu County. Don Huang Ming avoided the "An Shi Rebellion" and came to Chengdu. Shu County was renamed Huayang County, and Chengdu was renamed "Nanjing", which became a refuge for the people of the Central Plains and promoted economic and cultural prosperity. At that time, there was a saying that "Yang 112" was a world city, with Yangzhou first and Chengdu second. The poet Li Bai praised in Song of Westward Journey to Nanjing: "On the 9th, 10% will be opened, and ten thousand households will enter the painting. The grass and trees are like splendid clouds, and Qinchuan can't be here. " In 879 AD, Tang Jian built a "Luocheng" in southwest Sichuan to strengthen defense. This is the first time that Chengdu has switched to masonry construction. There are 120 big communities in this city.

Later, Wang Jian and Wang Yan of the former Shu and Meng Zhixiang and Meng Chang of the latter Shu split up in Chengdu, which lasted for 60 years and was destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty. In the meantime, in 927 AD, Meng Zhixiang, a city in the post-Shu Dynasty, was outside Los Angeles, and "120,000 people were ordered to build the capital", with a circumference of 42 miles. His son Meng Changjun ordered people to plant hibiscus trees all over the city wall. In autumn, forty miles of flowers bloom like brocade, beautiful and moving. It is called Furong City, which is why Chengdu is called "Rongcheng" for short.

In Song Dynasty (AD 960- 1279), the world was divided into fifteen roads, and Sichuan was divided into Yizhou Road, Zizhou Road, Lizhou Road and Kuizhou Road, which was called Xia Chuan Road for short. Yizhou Daozhi Institute has been in Chengdu. Chengdu is still called Chengdu, which governs Chengdu and Huayang counties. After Li Shun invaded Chengdu, the "Da Shu" regime was established. After the defeat, Chengdu Prefecture was reduced to Yizhou.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Chengdu's paper industry and printing industry were in a leading position in the country. In the Northern Song Dynasty, wealthy businessmen replaced heavy coins with paper-printed "jiaozi" and became the earliest paper money in the world. With the continuous development of commerce, Chengdu produced a free market in the Song Dynasty. The Tang and Song Dynasties were also the peak of Chengdu's literary and artistic development. Li Bai, Du Fu, Lu You, Gao Shi, Cen Can, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Xue Tao, Liu Yuxi, Zhang Ji, Du Mu, Li Shangyin and Wei Zhuang all left a large number of masterpieces in Chengdu. Music, singing and dancing, drama and painting have all become very prosperous, and they are known as "Sichuan Opera is the best in the world". The murals of Daci Temple in Chengdu are known as "the best in the world".

Sichuan Province was established in Chongqing in the early years of Yuan Dynasty, and soon moved to Chengdu. Since then, Chengdu has been the highest military and political chief in Sichuan Province. At that time, Sichuan was in charge of No.9 Road, and Chengdu was at the end of the road. From Kublai Khan to the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1279), Sichuan was divided into four roads, and Chengdu was designated as the western Sichuan Road, but Chengdu was still the political and cultural center at that time.

In the Ming Dynasty, Sichuan Chief Secretary was set up, with eight prefectures and Chengdu as the capital, and two prefectures and thirteen counties. Chun Zhu, the 11th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty, was named King of Shu, and the palace was built in Chengdu. Zhu Yuanzhang twice ordered generals Li Wenzhong and Aquamarine to build the capital with mud, and later ordered Zhao Qing to rebuild most of the walls of Chengdu with bricks and stones. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (A.D. 1644), Zhang led the army into Chengdu and renamed it Daxi, and Chengdu was also renamed Xijing. Shu's palace used to be Zhang's palace. Subsequently, the Qing army invaded Sichuan and fought fiercely with Zhang's western front army in Chengdu. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), the whole city of Chengdu was burned in the war. In five or six years, a prosperous and famous city was cut off and became a place where elk crisscrossed and tigers and leopards appeared.

From the early years of Kangxi, a large number of immigrants entered Sichuan, and the economy known as "Huguang filling Sichuan" began to pick up, and Chengdu gradually recovered. After two reconstructions and expansions during the reign of Kangxi and Qianlong, a magnificent Chengdu new city stands on the ruins of the old city surrounded by two rivers. However, after the Opium War, with the opening of Chongqing's gate and the opening of Chuanjiang shipping, Chengdu's position in Sichuan and Southwest China was gradually replaced by Chongqing. 19 1 1 The Sichuan Road Protection Movement and Armed Uprising, which originated in Chengdu, were the forerunner of the Revolution of 1911 and made great contributions to the success of the Wuchang Uprising. In the early years of the Republic of China, Chengdu was still the seat of Sichuan Province after abolishing orthodoxy and government. 1928 Chengdu was formally established. At that time, the Chengdu Municipal Government was established, and Chengdu and Huayang counties were merged into Chengdu, and Chengdu and Huayang counties only governed the countryside. This great change has changed the pattern of two counties and one city for more than 1000 years, which is the beginning of Chengdu's modernization.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Sichuan became the rear area of the Anti-Japanese War, and the people of Chengdu made great contributions to this great national liberation war. During the whole war, the total number of soldiers who participated in the war and supplemented in Sichuan reached 3.4 million, and more than 640,000 people were killed or injured, accounting for about 20% of the total number of casualties in the country. Many of these martyrs who died for their country are children of Chengdu people. In the war of liberation, on the one hand, the people of Chengdu launched a democratic movement against civil war, hunger and persecution, on the other hand, they launched an armed struggle in the countryside, which effectively cooperated with the people's revolutionary war.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Chengdu was the resident of western Sichuan administrative office from 65438 to 0950, and became the capital of Sichuan Province from 65438 to 0952, and was listed as one of the key construction cities in China. 1983 In May, the State Council decided to merge Wenjiang area (except Guanghan and Shifang counties) into Chengdu and implement the system of city governing counties. 1990, the adjustment of zoning and the withdrawal of counties and districts were implemented one after another. The present area of Chengdu is 12390.6 square kilometers. At the beginning of 2007, the registered population in Chengdu was 1 1.03 million. It has jurisdiction over 9 districts (Jinjiang, Qingyang, Jinniu, Wuhou, Chenghua, Longquanyi, Qingbaijiang, Xindu and Wenjiang), 4 cities (Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Qionglai and Chongzhou) and 6 counties (Jintang, Shuangliu, Pixian, Dayi, Pujiang and Xinjin).