Why did African blacks and other European whites come to America in the17th century?

Black Africans who go to America are basically sold as slaves.

White Europeans went to America to explore, look for gold and establish colonies.

The first Europeans who arrived in North America-at least the first Europeans with evidence-came from Norway. Around 985 AD, Eric the Red Hair established a settlement in Greenland and sailed westward from there. It is believed that in 100 1 year, his son Ye Xiaokai had explored the northeast coast of today's Canada and spent at least one winter there.

Although Norwegian legends mention that Vikings explored the Atlantic coast of North America as far as the Bahamas, these claims have not been confirmed. However, at 1963, in L'Anse-aux-Meadows, Newfoundland, some Norwegian house remains dating back to that period were found, which at least provided the basis for some legendary statements.

1497, just five years after Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean looking for a western route to Asia, a Venetian sailor named john cabot arrived in Newfoundland with the mission of king of England. Although cabot's voyage was soon forgotten, his journey provided the foundation for Britain's sovereignty over North America. This voyage also paved the way for rich fishing grounds near the banks of the George River, and soon European fishermen, especially Portuguese, frequented there.

Columbus never saw the future American continent, however, the early exploration of this continent originated from the Spanish territory he helped to develop and establish. 15 13, a fleet led by Pang Juan cedarian landed near the city of St. Augustine on the coast of Florida today, which started the Spanish adventure in the American continent.

1522 After the Spanish conquered Mexico, they gained a firm foothold in the Western Hemisphere. A series of subsequent discoveries expanded Europeans' understanding of the continent called America at that time-the name came from the name of Italian Amerigo Weiss Pucci, and his travels on the "New World" were widely circulated at that time. By 1529, the world had a reliable map of the Atlantic coast from Labrador to Tierra del Fuego, but it took people more than a century to completely give up looking for the "Northwest Passage" to Asia.

Hernando de soto is an experienced Spanish-American explorer who conquered Peru with Francisco Pizarro. He participated in one of the most important early Spanish expeditions. 1539, de Soto's expedition left Havana, landed in Florida, went deep into today's southeastern United States to explore treasures, and reached the Mississippi River as far as possible.

1540, another Spaniard, Francisco Vá zquez de coronado, set out from Mexico to find the mysterious seven cities of Cipolla. Coronado's trip took him to the Grand Canyon and Kansas, but he didn't find the gold or treasure that his expedition hoped for. However, his exploration left an unusual-though not original-gift to people in this area: a considerable number of runaway wild horses, which fundamentally changed the life in the Great Plains. In the past few decades, Indians on the Great Plains have mastered equestrian, which greatly expanded the content and scope of their lives.

When the Spaniards went north from the south, explorers like Giovanni da Vilaca also crossed and learned about the northern part of America. Florentine Wei razzano, who sailed for the French, landed in present-day North Carolina on 1524, and then sailed north along the Atlantic coast to the north of present-day new york Port.

Ten years later, like his predecessors in Europe, Jacques Cartier, a Frenchman, set sail with the hope of finding a sea passage to Asia. Cartier's expedition along the St. Lawrence River established French sovereignty in North America, which lasted until 1763.

/kloc-in the 1940s of 0/6, the first Quebec colony in France disintegrated. For 20 years, French Huguenots have tried to build a settlement on the north coast of Florida. The Spanish believed that the French posed a threat to the trade routes along the Gulf Stream and destroyed the colony in 1565. However, it was not long before the Spanish military leader Pedro Menéndez established the city of St. Augustine. It became the first permanent European colony on this continent that later belonged to the United States.

The huge wealth flowing to Spain from Mexico, the Caribbean and Peru's colonies has aroused strong interest from other European powers. Emerging maritime countries, such as Britain, to some extent, attracted by the Spanish treasure ships frequently plundered by Francis Drake, began to take an interest in the New World.

1578, Humphrey Gilbert, who wrote a book about finding the Northwest Passage, was granted the privilege of Queen Elizabeth to colonize the "pagan wilderness" of other European countries in the New World. The operation didn't begin until five years later. After Gilbert was killed at sea, his half-brother Walter Raleigh inherited this mission.

1585, Raleigh established the first British colony in North America on Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina. However, I gave up later and failed again two years later. It was not until 20 years later that Britain tried again. This time-Jamestown established by1607-succeeded, and North America will enter a new era.

Early colony

Since the17th century, there has been a huge wave of North American immigrants in Europe. This immigration tide lasted for more than three centuries, from the trickle of hundreds of British colonists to millions of immigrants. These immigrants, full of all kinds of powerful motivation, established a new civilization in the northern part of the American continent.

By the time the first British immigrants crossed the Atlantic to present-day America, Spain had established prosperous colonies in Mexico, the West Indies and South America. Like everyone who went to the New World in the early days, these British immigrants crossed the ocean in crowded boats. During the voyage of 6 to 12 weeks, they lived on limited rations. Many people died of diseases, and some ships disappeared into the sea forever in occasional storms.

Most European immigrants leave the motherland to get rid of political oppression, seek religious freedom or seek opportunities that are not available at home. From 1620 to 1635, England fell into economic difficulties, many people could not find jobs, and even the income of skilled technicians barely made ends meet. Crop failure is even worse. At the same time, the commercial revolution has created a new textile industry, and more and more wool must meet the textile demand. Landlords occupied farmland to raise sheep pens and drove away tenants. Going to the colonies became the way out for these farmers who lost their livelihood at that time.

The first thing that caught the attention of these colonists was the vast forests of the New World. If friendly Indians didn't teach them to grow local crops-pumpkins, zucchini, beans and corn, these immigrants might not survive. In addition, the vast virgin forest stretching nearly 265,438+000 kilometers along the eastern coast provides sufficient sources of hunting and firewood, as well as rich raw materials for building houses, making furniture, shipbuilding and making profitable export commodities.

Although the New World is rich in natural resources, we still have to rely on trade with Europe for what the colonies can't produce. There are many harbors in the coastal area where the colonists are located from south to north, which is convenient for navigation and trade. Only North Carolina and southern New Jersey have no deep-water ports for ocean-going ships to berth.

Kennebeck, Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna, Potomac and many other magnificent rivers connect large areas from the coast to the Appalachian mountains with the sea. But there is only one river, the St. Lawrence River, which is mainly controlled by the French in Canada, which is a waterway leading to the Great Lakes region and the hinterland of the mainland. Dense forests, the resistance of some Indian tribes, and the insurmountable barrier of Appalachian mountains made it difficult for colonists to migrate outside the coastal plains. Only hunters and businessmen who set traps for hunting will set foot in the depths of the wilderness. In the first 100 year, colonists settled densely along the coastline.

Political factors prompted many people to immigrate to the United States. /kloc-in the 1930s of 0/7, the arbitrary rule of King Charles I of England became a catalyst. /kloc-in the 1940s of 0/7, Charlie's opposition led by oliver cromwell launched an uprising and won, which led many cavalry-"the king's men"-to find another way out in Virginia. In the German-speaking areas of Europe, the oppression of monarchs in many small places, especially religious oppression, and continuous wars contributed to the American immigration tide in the late17th century and18th century.

This cross-sea trip needs careful planning and arrangement, and the cost and risk are quite large. Immigrants must sail nearly 5000 kilometers at sea. They need tableware, clothes, seeds, tools, building materials, livestock, weapons and ammunition. At that time, the British colonial policy was very different from other countries and other periods, that is, immigrants were not directly funded by the government, but by private groups, and their main purpose was to profit from it.