Kneel for the Investigation Report on "Zhuhai Population and Urban Development"

The Permanent Population and Development in Zhuhai

-Analysis of the results of the nationwide sampling survey of 65,438+0% population in 2005.

According to the decision of the State Council and the provincial government, our city conducted a national 1% population sampling survey on June165438+1October/0/2005. Under the leadership of the provincial government and the municipal government, through the efforts of all investigators, the sampling survey task of 1% population was successfully completed, and all the data collected by the machine were processed. According to the data collected by 1% population sampling survey machine, the permanent population and development status of our city are analyzed and explained.

I. Current situation and growth of the permanent population

(A) the status quo of the permanent population ①

Zhuhai has a land and sea area of 7,555 square kilometers, of which the land area is 1.687 square kilometers. Jurisdiction over Xiangzhou, Doumen and Jinwan.

In June 2005 165438+ 10/%population sampling survey data showed that the city's permanent population 14 14300 people, including 7 13300 men and 70/women. The permanent population of the city ranks last among 2 1 prefecture-level cities in the province.

(2) the growth of the resident population

According to the previous census data of our city, the third census of 1982 shows that the permanent population of our city is 374,438+00,000. 1990 The resident population of the fourth census was 635,400, 26 1300 more than that of the third census, with an increase of 69.8%. In the fifth census in 2000, the resident population was 6.5438+0.2354 million, an increase of 600,000 or 94.4% over the "Sipu". The sample survey of 1% population in 2005 showed that the permanent population was 14 1438, an increase of178,700 people or 14.5% compared with the Five-Year Plan. See table 1 for details.

Table 1: Changes of resident population in previous censuses in Zhuhai

Unit: person, person/km2

age

Indicator 1982 "three popular studies" 1990 "four popular studies" 2000 "five popular studies" 2005 1% population sample survey.

Subtotal% Subtotal% Subtotal%

Permanent population 374137 635365 69.81235437 94.41410/4.5.

In which: household registration ② 370296 47489128.2 569612 57.6 78.64 38.1.

Exotic 384 1 160474 40.8 times 665825 203.4 62.79 -5.7

Population density is 296 502 69.6 758 565 438+0 83910.7.

As can be seen from the above table, since the establishment of the special economic zone in Zhuhai, the population has undergone tremendous changes, from the growth rate of 48. 1% in the three-year plan period to 69.8% in the four-year plan period and then to 94.4% in the five-year plan period. After entering 2 1 century, the population growth rate of Zhuhai slowed down, and the annual growth rate dropped to 2.7%.

Second, natural population growth.

According to the data collected by the 1% population sampling survey machine in 2005, from 1 1 in 2004 to 1 in 2005 10/in 2005, the city's birth population was1650.

Three. Gender and age composition of the population

(1) population age composition

According to the data collected by the 1% population sampling survey machine in 2005, among the population of 14 1438 in our city, there are 229,900 people aged 0- 14, accounting for 16.26% of the permanent population. Compared with the fifth population census in 2000, the proportion of people aged 0- 14 decreased by 1. 12 percentage points, while the proportion of people over 65 increased by 1.6 1 percentage points. Zhuhai is a new immigrant city, and the population aged 0- 14 increased rapidly before the Tenth Five-Year Plan, accounting for more than 20% of the permanent population, which is consistent with Zhuhai's economic and social development. With the gradual expansion of the city, population control and family planning work are gradually strengthened, and the proportion of population aged 0- 14 is gradually decreasing. From 23.97% in the fourth census to 17.3 1% in the fifth census, and then to 16.26% in the 2005 population sampling survey.

Compared with the whole province, the remarkable feature of Zhuhai's population age structure is that the two ends are small and the middle is big. Small at both ends: First, the proportion of children is relatively light, which is 5.6 percentage points lower than the provincial average (2 1.32%); Second, the proportion of the elderly population is small, which is lower than the provincial average (7.4 1%) 1.88 percentage points. Zhuhai is a young immigrant city, and a large number of migrants flowing into Zhuhai belong to young and middle-aged laborers, resulting in Zhuhai's working-age population accounting for almost 80% of the permanent population.

Gender composition of the population

Data collection shows that among the population of 14 14300 in our city, 7 14500 are men, accounting for 50.52% of the resident population, and 699800 are women, accounting for 49.48%. Sex ratio of permanent residents 102. 1%. Compared with the Five-Year Plan, the sex ratio of the population increased by 65,438 0.87 percentage points. Close to the provincial average, only 0.53 percentage points lower.

Although the sex of urban resident population is relatively low, the sex ratio of babies born to children is at a high level. Among the population born in 2005, 54.25% were male and 45.75% were female, and the sex ratio was 1 18.58. 1-4 The sex ratio reached 124.7%.

Four. Family and marital status

(a) Changes in family size

Family is a social cell, and the change of family size is influenced by many factors, such as economic development level, education level, population migration, birth policy, family concept and so on.

According to the summary data, there are 416,400 households in our city, which is 37.79% higher than the "five-year plan", including 365,800 urban households and 50,600 rural households.

The number of households in our city has been declining since its establishment. The family size (person/household) decreased from 4.4 in the "Three-Year Plan" period to 3.8 in the "Four-Year Plan" period, and then to 3. 10 in the "Five-Year Plan" period. By the sampling survey of 1% population in 2005, the family size was getting smaller and smaller. 0.55 less than the provincial average (3.39).

The size of urban families is lower than that of rural areas. According to the data, in 2005, there were 2.8 urban households and 3. 19 rural households in our city.

(2) Changes in marital status

Marriage is the foundation of the family, and most adults are in a certain state of marriage. In 2005, the sample survey of 1% population followed the "five total" index in the column of marital status, which was also divided into: unmarried, first married with a spouse, remarried with a spouse, divorced and widowed.

1. Status of unmarried population

In 2005, the unmarried population accounted for 29.7 1% of the population over the age of 05, which was 2.37 percentage points lower than the "five-year plan".

From the gender ratio, the unmarried population of men is higher than that of women, accounting for 53.68% of the unmarried population and 46.32% of the unmarried population. The average age of first marriage is 26.36 years old, including 27.62 years old for men and 25.07 years old for women.

From the difference between urban and rural areas, the proportion of unmarried population in urban areas is 30.8%, and that in rural areas is 20.74%. The proportion of unmarried population in cities and towns is higher than that in rural areas by 10.06 percentage points, among which the proportion of unmarried population in cities and towns is higher than that in rural areas by 14 percentage points, indicating that there are more people who marry late in cities and towns, especially the female population in cities and towns, especially compared with rural areas.

From the perspective of cultural composition, the unmarried population is still dominated by junior high school education, accounting for 44.92%, followed by high school education, accounting for 36.08%, and college education, accounting for 8.55%. Compared with the Five-Year Plan, the proportion of unmarried people with junior high school education decreased by 5.35 percentage points, the proportion of unmarried people with senior high school education decreased by 2 percentage points, and the proportion of unmarried people with university education increased by 2.9 percentage points. It shows that the higher the education level, the later the marriage age.

2. The demographic status of the spouse

There are two kinds of spouses in this 1% population sample survey: first marriage with spouses and remarriage with spouses. In 2005, among the population with spouses in this city, 98.23% were married for the first time, and only 1.77% were married after remarriage, indicating that the proportion of remarried couples was very low. The population with a spouse accounts for 66.5 1% of the population over 05, which is 65.438+0.79 percentage points higher than the "five-year plan".

From the perspective of urban and rural composition, the couple rate in rural areas is higher than that in cities, which is 7 1.53% in rural areas and 65.9% in cities.

3. Divorced population status

In 2005, the proportion of the divorced population in the city was 1. 1.9%, which was 0.48 percentage points higher than the "five-year plan".

In terms of gender, the proportion of divorced women is higher than that of men, accounting for 6 1.47% of the divorced population, which is related to modern women's economic independence and emphasis on quality of life.

From the perspective of urban and rural composition, the divorce rate in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas, and the divorce rate in rural areas is 0.74%, which is 0.5 percentage points lower than that in urban areas.

4. Widowed population status

In 2005, the proportion of the city's widowed population was 2.6%, which was 0. 1 1 percentage point higher than the five-year plan. Among them, the widowed rate of men is 0.58%, and the widowed rate of women is 2.0 1%, which is basically the same as the "five-year plan".

Verb (abbreviation of verb) urban population situation

In 2005, the urban-rural ratio was 87.9, the urban population was 1.2432 million, accounting for 87.9% of the permanent population, and the rural population was 1.7 1.000, accounting for1.0%. Compared with the five-year plan, the urban population has increased by 2.42 percentage points.

The cultural quality of the population with intransitive verbs

According to the sample survey data of 1% population in 2005, among the permanent residents in the city, the population with college education is 159000, accounting for 1 1.24% of the permanent population, and the population with high school education is 3 13700, accounting for 22%. Compared with the "Five-Year Plan", the number of people with various education levels per100000 population has changed the most, and the number of people with university education has increased from 7502 to 1 1244, an increase of 3742. The population with other education levels has increased to varying degrees, but the growth rate is not as fast as that with university education.

In terms of gender ratio, except for primary school education, the proportion of women is higher than that of men, and the proportion of men with junior high school education or above is higher than that of women without exception (see Table 2 for details).

Table 2: Proportion of education level of population of different sexes in Zhuhai in 2005

Unit:%

level of education

Gender university senior high school junior high school primary school

Male 59.02 54.57 50.56 46.28

Female 40.98 45.43 49.44 53.72

From the perspective of urban and rural composition, the population with high school education in urban areas is 29.56 percentage points higher than that in rural areas, and the population with primary school education in rural areas accounts for the largest proportion, followed by junior high schools, that is to say, the population with low school education in rural areas is mainly (see Table 3 for details).

Table 3: Cultural Composition of Urban and Rural Population in Zhuhai in 2005

Unit:%

level of education

Urban and rural university high school junior high school primary school

Town 13.30 25.49 36.97 20.95

Rural1.22 8.05438+0 38.6438+06 43.87

The proportion of illiterate population has decreased, and the overall quality of the population has improved. In 2005, the illiterate population accounted for 3.96% of the population aged 65,438, with 0.565,438% for men and 6.39% for women. Compared with the Fifth General Plan, the proportion of illiterate population decreased by 0. 1 percentage point, including 0.04 percentage point for males and 0. 1 percentage point for females.

Seven. Population composition of ethnic minorities

In 2005, the data collected by the 1% population sampling survey machine showed that among the permanent residents of our city 14 1430, the Han population1385,400, accounting for 97.96% of the permanent population, and the minority population was 28,900, accounting for 2.89% of the permanent population. Compared with the five-year plan, the population of ethnic minorities has increased by 13.33%.

Ethnic minorities in our city are mainly concentrated in Xiangzhou, the main city. Ethnic minorities are mainly Zhuang, Tujia and Yao, accounting for 7 1.24% of the ethnic minority population. The sex ratio of ethnic minorities is low, and the sex ratio (female 100) is 87.6, which is lower than that of Han nationality 102. 1.

Eight. Employment and unemployment

The employed population in this survey refers to the social workers registered with permanent residence who have been engaged in income 1 hour or above in the week before the time point of the survey, or the population aged 15 or above who have been on vacation, training or closed down seasonally. Unemployed population refers to the population who have no formal job and are looking for a job in the week before the survey time. Compared with the "Five-Year Plan", the employment situation of permanent residents in Zhuhai has changed as follows.

Status of employed population

1. The utilization rate of labor resources decreases, and the employment rate decreases.

In 2005, the utilization rate of labor resources (economically active population/1population aged 6 and above) was 7 1.87%, and the employment rate (employed population/1population aged 6 and above) was 66.83%, which were 6.9 and 3./kloc lower than the "Five-Year Plan" respectively. This shows that with the increase of local employment and the inflow of foreign labor, the utilization rate of labor resources in Zhuhai has decreased, resulting in a large increase in the economically active population. Although economic development has absorbed a large number of employed people, with the adjustment of economic structure, the improvement of labor quality in some aspects and the increase of the number of college students, the employment rate has declined.

2. Age, gender and cultural composition of the employed population

Zhuhai is a young immigrant city, so the age composition of the employed population is also light. According to the survey data, the employed population in our city is mainly concentrated in the age group of 20-44, accounting for 78.27% of the total employed population, which is basically the same as that in the "Five-Year Plan".

In terms of gender composition, male employees account for 54.46% and female employees account for 45.54%. The number of male employees is 65,438+0.65% higher than that of the fifth master plan, while the number of female employees is 65,438+0.6% lower than that of the fifth master plan. The male employed population is growing faster than the female employed population.

The cultural quality of employed people has improved, and most of them have received education below ordinary high school. The data shows that among the employed population, the population with education below primary school accounts for14.72%; The population with junior high school and senior high school education accounted for 69.20%; The population with college education or above accounts for 16.07%. Compared with the "Five-Year Plan", the population with education below primary school decreased by 0.9 percentage points; The population with junior high school and senior high school education decreased 1.9 1 percentage point; College education increased by 4.54 percentage points. This shows that although the employees in our city are mainly people with junior high school and high school education, the population with college education or above is increasingly occupying an important position.

3. Employment to participate in social insurance

In this survey, the employed people who participate in social insurance refer to those who participate in unemployment insurance, endowment insurance and medical insurance. Employees can participate in one insurance or three insurances at the same time.

The data show that in 2005, 38.95% of the employed people in the city participated in unemployment insurance, 42. 13% participated in endowment insurance and 49.2% participated in medical insurance.

From the perspective of gender ratio, the number of male employees participating in social insurance is higher than that of female employees. Male employees participate in unemployment insurance, accounting for 2 1.68% of the employed population, and female employees account for17.27%; 23.3 1% men and 18.82% women participated in the old-age insurance. 27.33% of men participated in medical insurance, while 2 1.87% of women participated in medical insurance.

From the perspective of urban composition, the proportion of urban employees participating in unemployment and old-age insurance is greater than that in rural areas. The rate of urban workers participating in unemployment insurance is 42.04%, and that of rural workers is 8.83%. The proportion of urban workers participating in endowment insurance is 45.38%, and that of rural workers is 10.32%. The participation rate of medical insurance for urban workers is 47.0 1%, and that in rural areas is 70.66%. Medical insurance in rural areas is greater than that in cities and towns, mainly because Zhuhai has implemented cooperative medical care in rural areas in the past two years. You can enjoy medical insurance by paying a certain fee.

The situation of the unemployed population

In 2005, the unemployment rate in our city was 7.0 1%, which was basically the same as the "five-year plan".

From the situation of each district, the lowest unemployment rate in Xiangzhou District is 6.6 1%, and the highest unemployment rate in Jinwan District is 8.5 1%, with a difference of 1.93 percentage points.

From the perspective of gender composition, the number of unemployed men is higher than that of women. Among the unemployed, 54.26% are men and 45.74% are women.

In terms of age composition, the unemployed population aged 16-39 accounts for 73.45%; In terms of education level, most of the unemployed people have a low education level, with 56.7% below junior high school and only 9.86% above university. The reason for the high unemployment rate among young people is that young people nowadays are very picky about their jobs. Those who work too hard and have low wages would rather not do it and be "neets" at home; It is relatively difficult for people with low education to find jobs.

Nine. Status of floating population

In 2005, the floating population in the city was 627,900, accounting for 47.58% of the city's permanent population, a decrease of 37,900 or 5.69% compared with the Five-Year Plan.

The floating population in our city mainly comes from other provinces, and the floating population from other provinces accounts for 56.08%, which is 1.42 percentage points higher than the "five-year plan". The proportion of the whole province is 43.92%, which is 2.4 1 percentage point lower than the "five-year plan".

In terms of age composition, the floating population is mainly young and middle-aged, and the age group is mainly 20-44 years old, accounting for 66.54%; From the perspective of gender, the gender of men and women is basically the same, and the gender ratio is 100.57.

From the source, the floating population from other provinces is mainly concentrated in seven provinces: Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi and Chongqing. The floating population in seven provinces accounts for 84. 1 1% of the city's floating population, among which Hunan Province is the province with the largest floating population in our city, accounting for 25.84%.

Judging from the education level, the floating population has a low education level, and the education level below junior high school is the majority, accounting for 66.09% of the population aged 6 and above, while the floating population with college education or above only accounts for 9.48%.

X. Living environment

(1) standard of living

The living area in this survey refers to the building area of the house, and the number of living rooms refers to all natural rooms except kitchen, bathroom and lobby. According to the data of this survey, in 2005, the average number of rooms per household in the city was 2.4 1 (the number of rooms in the "five-year plan" included the living room, so it was not comparable), the number of rooms per capita was 0.85, and the per capita housing area was 25.9 square meters.

From the composition of per capita housing area, the proportion of families with per capita housing area of 20-39 square meters is large, accounting for 37.86% of all families; Households with a housing area of less than 8 square meters account for12.93%; The per capita housing area is over 40 square meters, accounting for 23.77%, of which the per capita housing area is over 60 square meters, accounting for 10.33%. The data shows that the per capita living area in our city is relatively spacious. The per capita housing area is divided into urban and rural areas, and the living environment of urban families is better than that of rural areas. The proportion of rural families with per capita living area of 20-39 square meters is 4.25 percentage points less than that of urban families, and that of families with per capita housing area of 10 square meters is 4.96 percentage points less than that of urban families.

Judging from the number of rooms owned by families, nearly 88% of the families in the city own 1-3 rooms, of which 1 room, 2 1.03% and 35.8 1% respectively. Judging from the number of rooms in urban and rural households, urban households have the largest proportion of three rooms, accounting for 38.46%, and rural households 1 room, accounting for 39.33%.

quality of life

Judging from the fact that there are kitchens and toilets in both urban and rural areas, the housing conditions in cities are slightly better than those in rural areas. The proportion of urban families owning both kitchen and bathroom is 9 1.5438+0%, while that in rural areas is only 79.88+0%. From drinking tap water to bathing facilities, the level of urban and rural areas in our city is basically the same, which is related to our insistence on running water in every village.

From the perspective of housing quality, 78.76% of the families in the city live in buildings, which is 9 percentage points higher than the "Five-Year Plan". In rural areas, bungalows are still the main place of residence, with 6 1.9% of rural families living in bungalows and 84.38% of urban families living in buildings. Households with reinforced concrete structures account for 53. 14% of urban households.

From the completion time of the residence, 1980- 1989 accounted for 25.92%, 1990- 1999 accounted for 42.09%, and from 2000 to 2005 accounted for 22.76%, which means that Zhuhai was established.

(3) the source and cost of housing

From the perspective of housing sources, the main sources of family housing in the city are the purchase of commercial housing, affordable housing and public housing, with 39.76% of families buying housing, 2 1.48% of self-built housing and 3 1.76% of rented families. The high proportion of renters in Zhuhai is related to the large number of migrants in Zhuhai.

Judging from the composition of urban and rural areas, the biggest difference between urban and rural housing sources is that most rural families build their own houses, and the proportion of self-built houses is as high as 87.73%, and they rarely buy houses. The proportion of urban self-built houses is only 12.3 1%, while buyers account for 45.09% and renters account for 35.3%.

From the perspective of housing expenditure, if the cost of housing purchase and construction is divided into four grades: below 6.5438+10,000 yuan, 654.38+ 00-200,000 yuan, 200-300,000 yuan, and above 300,000 yuan, the proportion of households in these four grades is 59.32%, 654.38+08.05% and 654.38+06554.3899999996 The proportion of urban families is 58.05%, 20.68%, 14.65%, 438+09% and13% respectively. The proportion of rural families is 92.75%, 5.8%, 0.73% and 0.73% respectively. As can be seen from the data, due to economic reasons, the cost of purchasing houses and building houses in rural areas is mostly below 654.38+10,000 yuan.