Investigation report on post-disaster reconstruction

The road to post-disaster reconstruction in Wenchuan

At present, we can't draw a conclusion, but I think there are only three ways to study, inspect and choose the reconstruction of the disaster area.

The first idea is "reconstruction in situ". Is to restore and rebuild in situ.

The second is "relocation and new construction". Is to give up the original address and find a new suitable place to rebuild.

The third possibility is a mixed model, which combines "in-situ reconstruction" with "relocation and new construction"

Xingtai, Tangshan and Lijiang all adopted the first idea, which was actually rebuilt on the original earthquake zone. From 65438 to 0978, I studied in Tangshan Institute of Technology, which was completely destroyed in the earthquake and later rebuilt on the original site. Now, it seems that that area should still be the core area with high earthquake incidence. In fact, if you choose to relocate and rebuild at that time, you can keep the original site of the earthquake as a complete earthquake memorial site, which can be used as a base for educating people and tourism in the future.

What should be done to rebuild Wenchuan and other places? This requires field investigation and extensive discussion. But I think the third way of thinking may be better. It is best to concentrate the advantages of the first two ways of thinking and reduce the disadvantages of the two ways of thinking. It is very important to discuss the planning idea, because this idea involves some important plans in the future, and once the plan is formulated and implemented, it is path-dependent, difficult to change, and the sunk cost and adjustment cost are high. Therefore, it is necessary to make a scientific and reasonable reconstruction plan under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development.

Now the reconstruction planning team should at least put forward some goals in stages: one is a one-year goal to ensure the basic survival of 5 million victims, food and medicine, simple tents, water and electricity supply, basically restore normal economic order, and use post-disaster recovery to create employment opportunities for local farmers and increase their income; The second is the three-year goal; The third is the five-year goal; The fourth is the ten-year goal, and I am afraid it will take ten years to rebuild.

At that time, the reconstruction of the Tangshan earthquake was also full of twists and turns. Economic adjustment occurred in the middle, and many projects had to be dismounted (see 1 column). But now China's national strength is completely different from that of 30 years ago, and it is fully qualified to put forward a plan from near (period) to far (period) and from small (scale) to large (scale), at least a framework reconstruction plan should be given. This will help to improve people's confidence and understanding of post-disaster reconstruction, and is also conducive to the country's efforts to rebuild and build new homes. Natural disasters are not only a major political and economic test, but also a rare opportunity for political and economic reform. They can not only show the unique political, organizational and cultural advantages of China's earthquake relief, but also fully expose various institutional disadvantages, further improve the national emergency mechanism, and effectively "improve the government's ability to safeguard public safety and respond to public emergencies." Maximize the prevention and reduction of public emergencies and their hazards, ensure the safety of public life and property, safeguard national security and social stability, and promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development (National Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies issued by the State Council on April 17, 2005).

From the perspective of institutional arrangements, it is indeed possible to set up an earthquake reconstruction fund with reference to the experience of the Great Hanshin Earthquake in Japan, and it is best to have a leverage amplification effect. The reconstruction fund of Hanshin disaster area in Japan, with 654.38 billion yen invested by the government as the basic fund, attracted about 5 billion yen of investment funds, totaling 565.438 billion yen. In fact, this reconstruction fund is to pool the funds currently allocated by the state and donated by the society, including some donations from abroad, and use them effectively according to the reconstruction plan.

Hanshin Earthquake Reconstruction Fund is mainly used in five categories. This includes: ① helping earthquake victims to establish a stable life and promoting their health and welfare; (2) Supporting projects for housing reconstruction (including housing reconstruction for earthquake victims); (3) promoting industrial recovery and reconstruction (including subsidies for damaged small and medium-sized enterprises); (4) assistance to education and cultural revival (helping to rebuild schools); ⑤ Other activities (including activities to commemorate the earthquake, etc. ) make the affected areas recover quickly.

I hope that through this earthquake disaster, China can establish a specific index system on how to deal with the natural environment affected by the disaster. It is necessary to clearly put forward the aid plan for disaster relief and the economic assistance plan and welfare plan after the disaster. This is also the necessary duty of the government to provide public services. In particular, it is necessary to solve a series of problems such as water supply, power supply and gas supply, medical and health care, education and culture, design and construction standards of transportation networks and communication networks. We may need emergency this time, but from a professional point of view and a national standpoint, I think it will take a long time.

Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction is a systematic and complicated work, which requires the unified coordination, responsibility and cooperation of all state departments. On June 5438+1October 8, 2005, after the earthquake of magnitude 7.6 occurred in northern Pakistan, the Pakistani government implemented the "self-reconstruction strategy" to encourage the victims to rebuild their homes by themselves. The government provides funds, technology and guidance to the victims, and the post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction Committee is responsible for supervising the construction quality so as to carry out the reconstruction work quickly.

Thirty years ago, we realized that we must learn to act according to economic laws (referring to the law of value); 10 years ago, due to the catastrophic flood in China, we realized that "we must consciously understand and correctly grasp the laws of nature and learn to act according to them", otherwise we will be punished by nature.

Scientists have come to a conclusion about the distribution of earthquake zones in China. Now many of our towns are built in the earthquake zone, which has paid a huge price, which is also the inevitable result of violating the laws of nature. In the United States, Los Angeles is also in the earthquake zone. In order to build earthquake-proof facilities, it has to pay a very huge fee. Everyone's family housing standards are so high that we can't imagine.

Chapter 20 of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan adopted by the National People's Congress in March 2006 stipulates that "according to the carrying capacity of resources and environment, the existing development density and development potential of each region, it is divided into four main functional areas". The earthquake-stricken area is a region with harsh environment and frequent natural disasters in China. It is also located in the Longmenshan earthquake zone. Earthquake disasters, geological disasters and floods occur frequently, and the ecological environment is extremely fragile. It has been regarded as a restricted development zone, and some areas (such as nature reserves) should be listed as prohibited development zones. Therefore, the post-disaster reconstruction must take this special natural geographical environment into account, not in accordance with the traditional reconstruction ideas, but by taking advantage of this disaster to migrate the population step by step, including "educational immigrants" mainly children, "labor export mainly young and strong labor", "ecological immigrants" with unsuitable living conditions, and "welfare immigrants" mainly lonely old people and disabled people.

Generally speaking, in the end, we should conform to nature and follow the laws of nature, especially for the planning of the main functional areas, so as to rationally arrange the layout and construction of our towns. All earthquake zones and landslide zones should basically be classified as prohibited development areas, and towns and even houses cannot be built. On the contrary, one day we will still have to pay a considerable cost and price for it.