Analysis on the present situation and existing problems of geological disaster investigation in China

( 1) 19965438+

199 1 year, the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources organized and implemented a national survey on the status quo of geological disasters with provinces as units, mainly collecting data and materials reported by provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and comprehensively summarizing the types and status quo of geological disasters in the country. The contents of the investigation include the types of geological disasters, the key areas where they occurred, the losses caused to the lives and property of the country and people, the development characteristics and distribution laws of geological disasters. According to the collected results and data of more than 1 10,000 typical geological disasters, the Geological Hazards of China and the Geological Hazards Atlas of China Provinces were compiled and published.

(2) 1992 to 2003, the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources deployed1∶ 500,000 environmental geological survey.

1992-2003, the former State Planning Commission and the former Ministry of Geology and Minerals organized the investigation and mapping of geological disasters at the provincial (district, city) level (1:500,000), and delineated the dangerous areas of geological disasters such as landslides; 1996, in order to reduce and prevent disasters and improve the national investigation and research level, this work was extended to environmental geological survey focusing on geological disasters, which was the first round of geological disaster investigation in China. The main purpose of the survey is to investigate the interaction and influence between human engineering activities and geological environment on the basis of the general survey of geological environment in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), initially find out the development characteristics and distribution laws of various major geological disasters, special adverse geological environment conditions and environmental geological problems encountered and caused by the development and utilization of natural environment, and evaluate the present situation and predict the development trend. Put forward countermeasures and suggestions for prevention and control, and formulate plans for disaster reduction, disaster prevention, land development and improvement, economic construction and social development for the country. Protect the geological environment, reduce disaster losses and promote the coordinated development of economic construction and geological environment.

(3) 1999, the Ministry of Land and Resources initiated the investigation of geological disasters in counties (cities).

Since 1999, the Ministry of Land and Resources has started the investigation of geological disasters in counties (cities) as part of the large-scale investigation plan of land and resources. This work emphasizes the principle of "people-oriented" and the combination of professionals and localities, and vigorously promotes the system of prevention and treatment by groups. The basic approach is to adopt a combination of professional investigation and mobilizing the masses to check and report risks, without emphasizing wiring and distribution according to scale. According to the situation and the clues of the masses, focusing on towns, villages, important traffic trunk lines and engineering facilities, the site investigation will be carried out step by step, and the hidden dangers and dangerous points of geological disasters will be found. Comprehensive analysis of hidden dangers and dangerous points, delineation of geological disaster-prone areas and prevention areas, and initial establishment of a group monitoring and prevention early warning system, including: establishing a leadership responsibility system for disaster reduction and prevention; Establish a group defense system to avoid disasters immediately; Preparation of geological disaster prevention and control plan; Establish a quick report system for geological disasters in flood season.

During the period of 1999, the investigation of geological disasters in the Three Gorges reservoir area 19 counties (cities) (including Yichang City and Wushan County) was started, which provided a model for the prevention and control of large-scale geological disasters. By the end of 2004, the investigation of geological disasters in 665,438+06 counties (cities) has been completed, which provides an important basis for local governments at all levels and land and resources management departments to organize "monitoring and prevention" and preventive management of geological disasters, and for local governments at county and township levels to exercise their disaster reduction functions.

County (city) geological disaster investigation is a new round of geological disaster investigation, which pays attention to the effectiveness of disaster reduction and prevention. It is an important work to popularize the knowledge of geological disaster prevention and build an early warning system for geological disaster prevention with China characteristics, and has become a new model of geological disaster investigation in China.

(4) Investigation of geological disasters in large river basins.

Such as the environmental geological survey of the Yangtze River basin and the Yellow River basin. During the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, 1: 200,000 environmental geological surveys were carried out in the Three Gorges reservoir area,1:200,000 environmental geological surveys were carried out in Panxi, Liupanshui, Minjiang and Tuojiang river basins, and1:0,000 environmental geological surveys were carried out in some main streams such as Jialing River and Dadu River.

(5) Investigation of large-scale geological disasters in key economic regions.

According to their own characteristics, various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have carried out targeted large-scale geological disaster surveys.

1) urban geological disaster investigation. Since the early 1960s, Shanghai has started urban geological work focusing on the prevention and control of land subsidence, and systematically conducted land subsidence investigation and long-term monitoring. Since 1970s, Jiangsu Province has carried out1∶ 50,000 comprehensive exploration of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology around Nanjing, Nantong, Changzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi and other central cities, and analyzed and studied the causes, present situation, occurrence and development characteristics and laws of land subsidence, ground fissures and land subsidence in various central cities.

2) Investigation of mine geological disasters. Since 1980s, mine geological surveys of different scales have been carried out in East China, such as environmental geological demonstration of Yanteng-Huaibei Energy Development Zone and environmental geological survey of coal mining in Huaibei coalfield. Liaoning, Heilongjiang and other provinces have successively carried out the investigation of mine geological disasters in mining cities.

3) Investigation of other types of geological disasters. Investigation and Evaluation of Groundwater Resources and Geological Disasters in the Yangtze River Delta: Geological Disasters of Hidden Karst Collapse in the Western Section of Anshan —— Geological Disasters of Sino-Russian Boundary River1∶ 50,000 Bank Collapse in Heilongjiang Province.

(6) Geological hazard exploration in major engineering areas

Large-scale geological disaster exploration and management have been carried out in the Three Gorges reservoir area.

6. 1.2 Application of survey results

(1) provides a basis for planning and disaster prevention.

The investigation results of geological disasters have become an important basis for the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to formulate geological disaster prevention plans and flood season geological disaster prevention plans.

(2) Provide basic information for major project deployment and urban safety.

The investigation results of geological disasters provide basic data for reservoir resettlement site selection, railway, highway and gas pipeline route selection, river safety, urban planning, infrastructure construction and other major projects.

(3) Provide basis for monitoring and prevention of geological disasters.

In the investigation of geological disasters in counties (cities), the distribution of hidden danger points of geological disasters in counties (cities), townships and villages with frequent geological disasters was basically found out, and the monitoring and prevention system of geological disasters was established, and the geological disaster investigation information system was established, which provided a basis for the rational deployment of geological disaster monitoring network.

(4) It helps to raise public awareness of disaster prevention.

Through the investigation of geological disasters, especially in counties (cities), the public's awareness of disaster prevention, especially in areas with high incidence of geological disasters, has been improved, and the popularization rate of geological disasters has been improved.

6. Analysis of Problems in1.3

Geological hazard investigation provides basic data for geological environment protection and land resources planning and development in China. However, with the rapid development of national economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization rate, the Three Gorges Project, the West-to-East Power Transmission Project and the South-to-North Water Transfer Project need to provide a large number of basic and pilot geological survey data, and the geological disaster investigation in China has become increasingly unsuitable for the needs of social development and major national infrastructure construction. The main problems are as follows:

(1) The objects and contents of the survey are not combined with the national economic construction and social development.

In the past, geological disaster investigation focused on the traditional study of natural attributes, which was not integrated with human engineering activities and economic construction, and the service field was narrow, and the service work in land use, urban planning, major engineering construction and ecological environment protection was relatively weak.

(2) The investigation work is not standardized, and the accuracy and breadth of the investigation are greatly limited.

In the past, the survey of regional geological disasters was generally small and medium-sized, and the survey accuracy could not meet the needs of social and economic development.

1∶ 500,000 National Geological Hazard Survey started in the Eighth Five-Year Plan and was basically completed in 2003, lasting 12 years. Backward technology, different investigation levels in different provinces, and different standards for disaster scale division. Most provinces have not established corresponding survey databases, which brings difficulties to the national data collection and comprehensive analysis.

The investigation of geological disasters in counties (cities) follows the principle of "people-oriented", focusing on the investigation of hidden dangers of geological disasters, while diluting the investigation of geological environment. At the same time, from a national perspective, county (city) surveys are scattered, making it difficult to form a comprehensive understanding and evaluation.

The survey of regional geological disasters is low in accuracy and small in scale, and lacks the key investigation and research results in key areas.

(3) Investigate the limitations of technical methods and standards.

In terms of technology, there is no systematic standard and evaluation system, and the work level is low. A large number of original information obtained in the work failed to establish a database, and the degree of information socialization and development and utilization was low.

(4) Limitation of investigation timeliness.

In terms of scientific understanding, the investigation of geological disasters has not been carried out in a planned way in accordance with the objective laws of geological disasters and the requirements of human social and economic development.

The investigation of geological disasters lags behind the development speed of geological disasters. Because the original working methods, ideas and expression methods of results are outdated, and the survey results are low in informationization, networking and socialization, most of them are not combined with the current situation and development direction of local social and economic development, or how to serve social and economic development is not considered, thus affecting the transformation of results into social productive forces, and it is difficult to meet the actual and effective needs of the government and society.

The investigation and evaluation of geological disasters lags behind the needs of ecological environment protection, urban planning, comprehensive utilization of land, rational development and utilization of geological environment and prevention and control of geological disasters.

(5) Geological hazard investigation system has not been established.

There is no geological disaster investigation system, and the responsibility, cycle, scale and content of geological disaster investigation are not clearly defined.

6. 1.4 demand analysis of geological disaster investigation

(1) The geological disasters in China are widely distributed and have serious harm. Geological disasters are dynamic, so it is necessary to carry out geological disaster investigation.

China is one of the countries with the most serious geological disasters in the world. There are more than one million dangerous points of collapse and landslide disasters in China, and tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of new dangerous points will appear every year. In recent years, due to geological disasters such as collapse, landslide, debris flow and land subsidence, the average annual death rate is more than 1 10,000, and the economic losses amount to several billion yuan, which has become a major constraint to the economic and social development in most areas of China and has aroused great concern from the party, the government and the public. After more than ten years' efforts, remarkable achievements have been made in geological disaster investigation. However, due to the weak basic work in the past and unclear potential hazards of geological disasters, effective disaster prediction and early warning can not be carried out, making disaster prevention work in a passive state. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a moderate-scale national geological disaster investigation and a large-scale geological disaster investigation in geological disaster-prone areas.

Because of the evolution of human activities and natural conditions, geological disasters are also dynamic. In order to understand the distribution law of geological disasters and ensure the scientificity and accuracy of national disaster reduction planning, it is required to carry out geological disaster investigation repeatedly.

(2) to meet the needs of "people-oriented", "comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable" development.

China's 20th Century Agenda 265438+ put forward the strategic goal of sustainable development. To achieve sustainable development and avoid casualties, the foundation is to establish a comprehensive understanding of the geological environment and geological disasters in China. The layout of land consolidation and development, major projects and national economic and social development, the acceleration of industrialization process and the rapid improvement of urbanization level, in order to ensure the safety of production, survival and life, systematic geological disaster investigation must be carried out.

(3) The need of geological disaster monitoring and early warning and disaster reduction project.

In order to prevent and reduce disasters, protect resources and environment, and promote sustainable economic and social development, the state will take a series of geological disaster monitoring and early warning and disaster reduction engineering actions. In order to monitor geological disasters scientifically and effectively and implement the disaster reduction project plan, it is necessary to carry out geological disaster investigation with corresponding accuracy.

(4) The need for the state to compile and revise plans for the prevention and control of geological disasters.

Article 11 of the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters stipulates that the competent department of land and resources in the State Council shall, jointly with the departments of construction, water conservancy, railways and transportation in the State Council, draw up a national plan for the prevention and control of geological disasters based on the results of the national survey of geological disasters ... The competent department of land and resources of the local people's government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the departments of construction, water conservancy and transportation at the same level, draw up a plan for the prevention and control of geological disasters at the next higher level. Compilation of geological disaster prevention and control plans in this administrative region ... Geological disaster investigation is the basis for the state to compile and revise geological disaster prevention and control plans, and it is also the basis for guiding coordinated actions of various departments (industries).