What kind of novel is The Scholars?

There are differences in the number of answers in satirical novels. Written by Wu in Qing Dynasty. Written in the 16th year of Qianlong (175 1 year ago).

Wu, whose real name is Wenmu, whose real name is Grameen, was named Wenmu old man in his later years. Born in the 40th year of Kangxi (170 1) and died in the 19th year of Qianlong (1754). Quanjiao (now Anhui Quanjiao) people. Born in an official landlord's family, he has a scholarly family for generations. He has been smart since childhood and is good at reciting, especially the Selected Works. After his parents died, he was not good at managing the family; More frustrated by the imperial examination, unhappy, to Nanjing to get involved in an affair, spending money like water; He is very generous and will give it to the poor. Before long, the legacy was squandered. At the age of 33, he moved to Nanjing to make a living by selling documents, and later died in Yangzhou. There are twelve volumes in Wenmu Fangshan Collection.

The Scholars describes the life and mental state of literati in the late feudal society. They were poisoned by the imperial examination system and troubled by fame and fortune. The author starts with the analysis of the ugly souls of scholars enslaved by the imperial examination system, and then satirizes the fatuity and incompetence of officials and the greed and meanness of powerful landlords. Exposed the ignorance, greed, artistic hypocrisy and meanness of celebrity students; Laughed at the indifference of the world to whether to raise China. The author successfully created two typical corrupt scholars, Zhou Jin and Jin Fan. Zhou Jin was a boy at the age of 60. He was insulted and laughed at by young scholars and powerful people. His bitterness made him shed blood and tears. And once you pass the exam, it's like getting there in one step. "If you are not a relative, you must recognize your relatives", and its social status has changed. Jump from the end of the road to the apprentice. Jin Fan has been tested until his beard is gray and has not won the prize; Villages and towns borrowed money from their father-in-law before the middle school entrance examination, and were insulted by his father-in-law, and sold laying hens at home hungry. It happened that I got in the exam this time. When these decades of hope came true, I was crazy because of excessive excitement and shouted wildly: "Bingo! Bingo! " It is a vivid portrayal of a poor man. There are various types of stereotyped writing fans in the book. For example, Mr. Ma Er failed in the exam all his life, but his spirit of learning stereotyped writing has never weakened. He also wrote about the evil deeds of Confucian scholars becoming corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry. Described the hypocrisy, decay and shamelessness of so-called celebrities. The author vividly depicts an ugly picture of feudal literati pursuing fame and profit and obsessed with imperial examinations.

The author also created some positive figures who despised fame and wealth and did not go along with the rulers. For example, Wang Mian is an intellectual who is not afraid of power, opposes the imperial examination, despises fame and wealth, and is wild and unruly. Another example is Lin's contempt for fame and fortune, contempt for the imperial examination, light wealth and heavy righteousness, and heroic behavior, which has always been regarded as the author's portrayal of himself. Another example is Yuan Jing, who is an ordinary person who "does not covet people's wealth, but waits on people's color". He can play the piano and write poems, but he doesn't want to be an official and is willing to be a self-reliant tailor. The book successfully created a series of characters, and the author showed sympathy and pity for those who were at the mercy of the imperial examination system, fooled or even insane. Bitter satire and ridicule were made to those who are greedy, ignorant and pretentious; And those bureaucrats who promoted and made a fortune through the imperial examination system were mercilessly exposed and criticized.

There is no protagonist in The Scholars, and its structure is a series of countless short stories. Although the cloud is long and quite short, it widely reflects all levels of social life. The theme is magnificent, the content is rich, the language is natural and bright, and the writing is dripping and hearty, reaching the peak of satirical art in China's classical novels. This book has a great influence on The Appearance of Officialdom and The Strange Situation Seen in Twenty Years.

This book has been divided fifty times, fifty-five times and fifty-six times. The earliest existing block-printed edition is the edition of Lixian Caotang in the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), which consists of 56 chapters * *, preceded by Preface to the Leisure Zhai of the Elderly in the Spring and February of the First Year of Qianlong (1763). In the 21st year of Jiaqing (18 16), an ancient Tang Ben and Qingjiang Puzhuli Song Book were published. Its text, layout and number are exactly the same as those of the recumbent edition. Later, movable type books such as Suzhou Bookstore and Qunyuzhai were also printed according to lying books. It can be seen that Woxian Caotang is the ancestor, enlarged and photocopied by People's Literature Publishing House according to the collections of Beijing Library and Fudan University Library, and published in 1974. In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874), there was an updated edition of Qi Sheng Tang, which was changed. During Guangxu period, Wu Dong also wrote Notes on Wood in Tianmu Mountain and Preface to Xihong Life, which was supplemented four times and later continued by later generations.

There was People's Literature Publishing House in 1958, and a revised edition was published in 1977. There are writers publishing houses 1954 edition and 1955 edition. There is also a hardcover English translation of foreign languages press 1957 with illustrations by Cheng Shifa.