Einstein came from there.

Einstein (1879 ~ 1955) Einstein, Albert

German-American scientist. 1March 879 14 was born in a small business owner's family in Ulm, Germany,1April 955 18 died in Princeton, USA. I love music since I was a child, and I am a skilled violinist. 1900 graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and obtained Swiss nationality. After that, I found a permanent job in the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. A series of his early historical achievements were achieved here. 1909, he first worked in academia and became an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich. 19 14 at the invitation of M. Planck and W. nernst, he returned to Germany as the director of the Royal William Institute of Physics and a professor at the University of Berlin. 1933 when Hitler came to power, Einstein was persecuted for the first time because he was a Jew and resolutely defended democracy, and was forced to move to Princeton, USA. 1940 became an American citizen. 1945 retired.

Einstein has made historic achievements in three different fields of physics: quantum theory, molecular motion theory and relativity theory, especially the establishment of special relativity theory and the proposal of light quantum theory, which promoted the revolution of physics theory and made important contributions to social progress.

Einstein's famous paper on special relativity

The further development of quantum theory One of Einstein's pioneering contributions is the development of quantum theory. Quantum theory is a hypothesis put forward by Planck in 1900 to solve the black body radiation spectrum. He believes that the energy released by an object when it emits radiation is not continuous but quantized. But most people, including Planck himself, dare not push the concept of energy discontinuity further, and even try to bring it into the classical physical system again and again. Einstein had a hunch that quantum theory brought not a small correction, but a fundamental change in the whole physics. 1905, he extended Planck's quantum concept to the propagation of light in space, and put forward the light quantum hypothesis, which holds that: for time average (that is, statistical average phenomenon), light behaves as fluctuation; For instantaneous values (i.e. fluctuations), light appears as particles (see quantum optics). This is the first time in history that the fluctuation of microscopic particles and the unity of particle properties, that is, wave-particle duality, are revealed. The later development of physics shows that wave-particle duality is the most basic feature of the whole microscopic world. According to the concept of light quantum, he successfully explained the empirical law of photoelectric effect which can't be explained by classical physics, and won the 192 1 year Nobel Prize in Physics. 19 16, he extended the quantum concept to the vibration inside the object, and basically explained the relationship between the specific heat capacity of the solid and the temperature at low temperature. 19 16 years, he continued to develop quantum theory and deduced blackbody radiation spectrum from N Bohr's concept of quantum transition. In this study, he combined the concepts of statistical physics with quantum theory and put forward the concepts of spontaneous emission and stimulated emission. From the basis of quantum theory to the concept of stimulated emission, it has a great influence on astrophysics. Among them, the concept of stimulated emission provided a theoretical basis for the booming laser technology in the 1960s.

Molecular motion theory Einstein explained Brownian motion with atomism in the article "Study on the Motion of Suspended Particles in Still Liquid Based on Molecular Motion Theory". This movement is the irregular movement of some tiny particles suspended in liquid, which was first discovered by R. Brown. Three years later, J.B. Perrin, a French physicist, confirmed Einstein's theoretical prediction with accurate experiments, thus solving the problem that the scientific and philosophical circles have debated for more than half a century about the existence of atoms, and making the atomic hypothesis a solid scientific theory.

Theory of relativity

Einstein's theory of relativity is a symbol of his lifelong career. In his paper entitled "On Electrodynamics of Moving Objects" published in 1905, he put forward the special theory of relativity completely, which largely solved the crisis of classical physics at the end of 19 and promoted the revolution of the whole physics theory. At the end of 19, physics is changing, and new experimental results are impacting the classical physics system established since Galileo and I Newton. The older generation of theoretical physicists, represented by H.A. Lorenz, tried to solve the contradiction between old theory and new things on the original theoretical framework. Einstein believes that the way out lies in fundamentally changing the whole theoretical basis. According to the relativity of inertial reference system and the invariance of light speed, he reformed the basic concepts of time, space and motion in classical physics, denied the existence of absolute static space and denied the absoluteness of the concept of simultaneity. In this system, the scale of motion should be shortened and the clock of motion should be slowed down. One of the most outstanding achievements of special relativity is to reveal the relationship between energy and mass. Mass (m) and energy (e) are equivalent: e = mc2 is a corollary of relativity. This can explain why radioactive elements (such as radium) can release a lot of energy. Mass-energy equivalence is the theoretical basis of atomic physics and particle physics, which satisfactorily explains the long-standing problem of star energy. Special relativity has become a basic theoretical tool to explain high-energy astrophysical phenomena.

After the establishment of special relativity, Einstein tried to extend the application of the principle of relativity to non-inertial systems. Starting from the experimental fact that Galileo discovered that the acceleration of all objects in the gravitational field is the same (that is, the inertial mass is equal to the gravitational mass), he put forward the equivalence principle in 1907: "The equivalent acceleration of the gravitational field and the reference system is completely equivalent in physics." It is concluded that in the gravitational field, the clock should go fast, the wavelength of light wave should change and the light should bend. After years of hard work, we finally established a general theory of relativity in 19 15, which is completely different from Newton's theory of gravity. Einstein calculated the abnormal precession of the perihelion of Mercury according to the general relativity, which is completely consistent with the observation results, and solved a major problem in astronomy for more than 60 years. At the same time, he concluded that the light emitted by distant stars will bend near the sun (see gravitational deflection of light). This prediction was confirmed by A.S. through solar eclipse observation in 19 19. 19 16 years, he predicted the existence of gravitational waves. After four years of continuous observation of the periodic changes of the radio pulse binary star PSR1913+16 discovered in 1974, the publication of 1979 indirectly confirmed the existence of gravitational waves, which is another powerful proof of general relativity.

After the establishment of the general theory of relativity, Einstein tried to expand it to include not only the gravitational field, but also the electromagnetic field. That is to say, he sought a unified field theory to explain the material structure and quantum phenomena with the concept of field. Because it was a difficult problem that could not be solved at that time, he worked for 25 years until his death. In 1970s and 1980s, a series of experiments strongly supported the theory of electric weak unification, and the idea of unified field theory revived in a new form. In history, only N. Copernicus, I. Newton and C. R. Darwin can compare with Einstein's contribution to scientific thought. However, Einstein did not confine his attention to natural science, but cared about society and politics with great enthusiasm. During World War I, he engaged in public and underground anti-war activities. 1933 After the Nazis seized the German regime, Einstein was the first persecuted object in the scientific community. Fortunately, he was giving a lecture in America at that time and was not killed. 1939 learned of the discovery of uranium nuclear fission and its chain reaction, and under the impetus of Hungarian physicist L. szilard, he wrote to President Roosevelt, suggesting to develop an atomic bomb to prevent the Germans from getting there first. So Roosevelt decided to build an atomic bomb and successfully tested it in New Mexico in 1945. On the eve of the end of World War II, the United States dropped atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, and Einstein was strongly dissatisfied with this. After the war, the United States waged unremitting struggles and launched a peaceful movement against the dangers of nuclear war and fascism. Einstein expressed deep sympathy for the sufferings of the working people in China at that time. After the September 18th Incident, he repeatedly called on other countries to stop Japanese military aggression against China by means of joint economic boycott. 1936, Shen Junru and other "seven gentlemen" were arrested for advocating anti-Japanese, and he enthusiastically participated in the just rescue and solidarity.

Respondent: let wego- manager level 5 2-6 17:45

Einstein was the greatest natural scientist in the 20th century and the standard-bearer of the physics revolution. 1March, 879 14 was born in Ulm, Germany, a small business owner's family. 1894, his family moved to Milan, Italy, and Einstein, who continued to attend middle school in Munich, gave up his student status and German nationality and went to Milan alone because he hated the militaristic education that German schools stifled free thinking. 1895 transferred to the state middle school in Arau, Switzerland; 1896 studied physics at Zurich Normal University of Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1900 graduated. Because of his unruly personality and habit of independent thinking, he is dissatisfied with his professors. He lost his job as soon as he graduated from college and found a regular job two years later. 190 1 Obtain Swiss nationality. 1902 was awarded by Swiss Patent Office in Bern.

As a technician, engaged in technical appraisal of invention patent applications. He used his spare time to do scientific research, and made historic achievements in three different fields of physics in 1905, especially the establishment of special relativity and the proposal of light quantum theory, which promoted the revolution of physics theory. In the same year, he received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Zurich with his thesis "A New Method for Determining Molecular Size". From 65438 to 0908, he was a part-time lecturer at Berne University, and since then he was destined to work in academic institutions. 1909 left the patent office and became an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich. 191/kloc-0 was a professor of theoretical physics at the Deutschland University in Prague, and 19 12 was a professor at his alma mater, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. 19 14 years, at the invitation of M. Planck and W. Nernst, he returned to Germany and served as the director of the Institute of Physics of Emperor William and a professor at Berlin University until 1933. 1920 at the invitation of H.A. Lorenz and P. Ellenfest, he is also distinguished professor of Leiden University in the Netherlands. Less than four months after returning to Germany, World War I broke out and he devoted himself to public and underground anti-war activities. After eight years of hard exploration, he finally established the general theory of relativity in 19 15. His prediction that light will bend after passing through the gravitational field of the sun was confirmed by the observation results of the total solar eclipse in 19 19 by the British astronomer A.S. Eddington and others, which caused a sensation all over the world, and Einstein and the theory of relativity became household names in the west. 1933+ 10 After the Nazis seized the German regime in October, Einstein was the primary object of persecution in the scientific community. Fortunately, he was lecturing in America and was not killed. 1939, he was told that uranium nuclear fission and its chain reaction were discovered. Under the impetus of Hungarian physicist L. szilard, he wrote to President Roosevelt and suggested developing an atomic bomb to prevent the Germans from taking the lead. On the eve of the end of World War II, the United States dropped atomic bombs over two Japanese cities, and Einstein was strongly dissatisfied with this. After the war, the United States waged unremitting struggles and launched a peaceful movement against the dangers of nuclear war and fascism.

Einstein's contribution to astronomy

Albert Einstein (1879- 1955), a world-famous German-American scientist, is the pioneer and founder of modern physics. He made a great contribution to astronomy.

/kloc-the late 0/9th century is a period of change in physics. Einstein re-examined the basic concepts of physics from the experimental facts and made a fundamental breakthrough in theory. Some of his achievements greatly promoted the development of astronomy. His quantum theory has a great influence on astrophysics, especially theoretical astrophysics. The first mature aspect of theoretical astrophysics-stellar atmosphere theory is based on quantum theory and radiation theory. Einstein's special theory of relativity successfully revealed the relationship between energy and mass and solved the long-standing problem of stellar energy. In recent years, more and more high-energy physical phenomena have been discovered, and special relativity has become the basic theoretical tool to explain this phenomenon. His general theory of relativity also solved a mystery in astronomy for many years, and deduced the phenomenon of light bending that was later verified, which became the theoretical basis of many astronomical concepts later.

Einstein's greatest contribution to astronomy is his cosmology. He founded relativistic cosmology, established a static finite and infinite self-consistent dynamic universe model, and introduced new concepts such as cosmology principle and curved space, which greatly promoted the development of modern astronomy.

Responder: Lonely Little Frog-Assistant Level 2 2-6 17:45

Can be found.

I'll make a copy for you.

Albert Einstein, the greatest physicist in the 20th century, was born in Ulm, southwest Germany, on March 1879, and moved to Munich with his family a year later. Einstein's parents were Jews. His father Herman Einstein and his uncle Jacob Einstein jointly opened an electrical appliance factory to produce motors, arc lamps and electrical instruments for power stations and lighting systems. Mother Pauline, a housewife with secondary education, likes music very much and taught Einstein to play the violin when he was six years old.

Einstein was not lively when he was a child, and he couldn't speak when he was over three years old. His parents were worried that he was dumb and took him to see a doctor. Fortunately, Einstein was not dumb, but he didn't speak fluently until he was nine years old. Everything he says must be carefully thought over.

At the age of four or five, Einstein was once ill in bed, and his father gave him a compass. When he found that the compass always pointed in a fixed direction, he was very surprised and felt that there must be something hidden behind this phenomenon. He happily played with the compass for several days, pestering his father and uncle Jacob to ask a series of questions. Although he can't even say the word "magnetic" well, he stubbornly wants to know why the compass can guide the direction. This deep and lasting impression was vividly recalled by Einstein until he was 67 years old.

When Einstein was in primary school and middle school, his homework was normal. Because he is slow and doesn't like people, his teachers and classmates don't like him. The teachers who taught him Greek and Latin hated him even more. He once publicly scolded him: "Einstein, you will never be a successful person when you grow up." And I want to kick him out of school for fear that his class will affect other students.

Einstein's uncle Jacob is in charge of technical affairs in the electric appliance factory, while Einstein's father is in charge of business contact. Jacob is an engineer. He loves mathematics very much. When Einstein came to ask him questions, he always introduced his mathematics knowledge to him in very simple and popular language. Under the influence of his uncle, Einstein was enlightened by science and philosophy earlier.

My father's business is not good, but he is optimistic and kind. Inviting poor students from Munich to dinner at home every night is tantamount to helping them. One of them is a pair of Jewish brothers Max and Bernard from Lithuania. They are all medical students. They like reading books and have a wide range of interests. They were invited to eat at Einstein's house and became good friends with shy little Einstein with black hair and brown eyes.

Max can be said to be Einstein's "first teacher". He lent him some popular natural science books. When Einstein was twelve years old, Max gave him a plane geometry textbook from speke. Einstein recalled this sacred little book in his later years and said, "There are many conclusions in this book, such as that the three heights of a triangle intersect at one point. Although they are not obvious in themselves, they can be reliably proved, so any doubt seems impossible. This clarity and reliability left an indescribable impression on me. "

Einstein was also very lucky to know the main achievements and methods in the field of natural science from an excellent popular reading. Popular reading not only increased Einstein's knowledge, but also touched the curious heartstrings of young people and caused him to think deeply about the problem.

At the age of sixteen, Einstein applied for the engineering department of the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, but failed in the entrance examination. He accepted the suggestion of Professor Weber, the president of the Federal Institute of Technology and a famous physicist in the school, and completed the middle school course in Arau, Switzerland, with a view to obtaining a middle school degree.

1896 5438+00 In June, Einstein stepped into the school gate of Zurich University of Technology and studied mathematics and physics in the normal department. He is very disgusted with the indoctrination education in school, which makes people have no time and interest to think about other problems. Fortunately, compulsory education that stifles real scientific motivation is much less in Zurich Federal Institute of Technology than in other universities. Einstein made full use of the free air in the school and devoted himself to the subject he loved. At school, he widely read the works of masters of physics such as Helmholtz and Hertz, and he was most fascinated by Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. He has the ability of self-study, the habit of analyzing problems and the ability of independent thinking.

Early work

1900, Einstein graduated from Zurich University of Technology. He was refused to stay in school because he was not enthusiastic about some courses and indifferent to the teachers. He couldn't find a job and made a living as a tutor and substitute teacher. After a year and a half of unemployment, Marcel Grossman, a classmate who cares about and understands his talent, extended a helping hand to him. Grossman managed to persuade his father to introduce Einstein to the Swiss Patent Office as a technician.

Einstein thanked Grossman for his lifelong help. In his mourning letter to Grossman, he said that when he graduated from college, he was "suddenly abandoned by everyone and faced with life at a loss." He helped me. Through him and his father, I later went to Haller (then director of the Swiss Patent Office) and entered the patent office. It's kind of like saving my life. Without him, I probably won't starve to death, but my spirit will be depressed. "

1902 February 2 1 day, Einstein obtained Swiss nationality and moved to Bern, waiting for the recruitment of the patent office. 1902 On June 23rd, Einstein was officially employed as a third-class technician by the Patent Office, whose job was to examine all kinds of technological inventions applying for patent rights. 1903 married mileva Malik, a college classmate.

From 1900 to 1904, Einstein wrote a paper every year and published it in the German journal of physics. The first two articles are about the thermodynamics of liquid level and electrolysis, trying to give chemistry a mechanical basis. Later, it was found that this road was not feasible, and the mechanical basis of thermodynamics was studied instead. 190 1 put forward some basic theories of statistical mechanics, and three papers from 1902 to 1904 all belong to this field.

1904 seriously discusses the fluctuation phenomenon predicted by statistical mechanics and finds that energy fluctuation depends on Boltzmann constant. It not only applies this result to mechanical systems and thermal phenomena, but also boldly applies it to radiation phenomena, and obtains the fluctuation formula of radiation energy, thus deducing Wien's displacement law. The study of fluctuation phenomenon made him make a major breakthrough in both radiation theory and molecular motion theory in 1905.

1905 miracle

From 65438 to 0905, Einstein created an unprecedented miracle in the history of science. This year, he wrote six papers. During the half year from March to September, he made four epoch-making contributions in three fields in his spare time besides working eight hours a day in the patent office. He published four important papers on quantum theory of light, molecular size measurement, Brownian motion theory and special relativity.

1905 In March, Einstein sent the paper he thought was correct to the editorial department of the German Journal of Physics. He said shyly to the editor, "I will be very happy if you can find room for me to publish this paper in your annual report." This "embarrassing" paper is called "a speculative view on the generation and transformation of light".

In this paper, the quantum concept put forward by Planck in 1900 is extended to the propagation of light in space, and the optical quantum hypothesis is put forward. It is considered that: for time average, light behaves as fluctuation; For instantaneous values, light appears as particles. This is the first time in history to reveal the unity of fluctuation of microscopic objects and particles, that is, wave-particle duality.

At the end of this article, he explained the photoelectric effect with the concept of optical quantum, and deduced the relationship between the maximum energy of photoelectrons and the frequency of incident light. This relationship was not confirmed by Millikan's experiment until 10 years later. 192 1 year, Einstein won the nobel prize in physics for his achievement of "the discovery of the law of photoelectric effect".

But this is really just the beginning. Albert Einstein went hand in hand in the fields of light, heat and electrophysics, and it was out of control. 1905 In April, Einstein completed a new method to determine the molecular size, and in May, he completed the movement of suspended particles in still liquid required by the theory of thermomolecular motion. These are two papers about Brownian motion. Einstein's purpose at that time was to determine the actual size of molecules by observing the irregular motion of suspended particles caused by the fluctuation of molecular motion, thus solving the problem of whether atoms exist in scientific and philosophical circles for more than half a century.

Three years later, French physicist Perrin confirmed Einstein's theoretical prediction with accurate experiments. This justifies the objective existence of atoms and molecules, which also makes ostwald, the German chemist who is most firmly opposed to the founder of atomism and energy theory, take the initiative to announce in 1908 that "the atomic hypothesis has become a scientific theory with a solid foundation".

1In June, 905, Einstein finished his long paper "On Electrodynamics of Transport Bodies" which initiated a new era in physics, and put forward the special theory of relativity completely. This is the result of Einstein's brewing and exploration in 10, which largely solved the crisis of classical physics at the end of 19, changed the space-time view of Newtonian mechanics, exposed the equivalence of matter and energy, and created a brand-new world of physics, which is the greatest revolution in the field of modern physics.

Special relativity can not only explain all phenomena that classical physics can explain, but also explain some physical phenomena that classical physics can't, and predict many new effects. The most important conclusion of the special theory of relativity is that the principle of conservation of mass has lost its independence and merged with the law of conservation of energy, so that mass and energy can be transformed into each other. Others include the slow scale of the clock, the constant speed of light, the zero rest mass of photons and so on. Classical mechanics has become the limit case of relativistic mechanics at low speed. So mechanics and electromagnetism are unified on the basis of kinematics.

1905 In September, Einstein wrote a short article, is the inertia of an object related to the energy it contains? ",as an inference of relativity. Mass-energy equivalence is the theoretical basis of nuclear physics and particle physics, and it also paved the way for the release and utilization of nuclear energy in the 1940s.

In this short period of six months, Einstein's breakthrough achievements in science can be said to be "unprecedented". Even if he gave up physics research, even if he only accomplished any of the above three achievements, Einstein would leave an extremely important mark on the history of physics development. Einstein dispelled the "dark clouds in the clear sky of physics" and ushered in a more brilliant new era of physics.

Exploration of general relativity

After the establishment of the special theory of relativity, Einstein was not satisfied and tried to extend the application of the principle of relativity to non-inertial systems. He found a breakthrough from Galileo's discovery that the acceleration of objects in the gravitational field is the same, and put forward the equivalence principle in 1907. This year, Minkowski, his university teacher and famous geometer, put forward the four-dimensional spatial representation of special relativity, which provided a useful mathematical tool for the further development of relativity. Unfortunately, Einstein didn't realize its value at that time.

The discovery of the principle of equivalence was regarded by Einstein as the happiest thought in his life, but his later work was very hard and he took a big detour. 19 1 1 year, he analyzed the rigid rotating disk and realized that Euclidean geometry in the gravitational field was not strictly effective. At the same time, it is found that Lorentz variation is not universal, and the equivalence principle is only effective in an infinitesimal region. At this time, Einstein already had the idea of general relativity, but he still lacked the necessary mathematical foundation to establish it.

19 12, Einstein returned to his alma mater in Zurich. With the help of his classmate Grossman, a professor of mathematics at his alma mater, he found a mathematical tool to establish general relativity in Riemannian geometry and tensor analysis. After a year of hard cooperation, they published an important paper "Outline of General Relativity and Gravity Theory" in 19 13, and put forward the gauge field gravity theory. This is the first time to combine gravity with scale, which makes Riemann geometry have real physical significance.

However, the gravitational field equation they got at that time was covariant only for linear transformation, and it was not covariant under any coordinate transformation required by the principle of general relativity. This is because Einstein was not familiar with tensor operation at that time, and mistakenly thought that as long as the conservation law was observed, the choice of coordinate system would be limited, and in order to maintain causality, the requirement of universal covariation would be abandoned.

The second peak of scientific achievements

The three years from 19 15 to 19 17 were the second peak of Einstein's scientific achievements, similar to 1905, and he also made historic achievements in three different fields. Except for the general theory of relativity, which is recognized as one of the greatest achievements in the history of human thought, it was finally established in 19 15. 19 16 put forward gravitational wave theory in radiation quantum, and 19 17 started modern cosmology.

19 15 After July, Einstein returned to the requirement of covariation after more than two years of detours. From June 19 15 to June 1 10, he concentrated on exploring new gravitational field equations. On June 165438+ 10/0/4,1kloc.

In the first paper, he obtained the universal covariant gravitational field equation satisfying the conservation law, but added an unnecessary restriction. In the third paper, according to the new gravitational field equation, the deflection of light passing through the surface of the sun is calculated to be 1.7 arc seconds, and the precession of Mercury's perihelion is calculated to be 43 seconds every 100 years, which completely solves a major problem in astronomy for more than 60 years.

In his paper Gravitational Field Equation on 19 1 15125 October, he gave up unnecessary restrictions on transformation groups, established a truly universal covariant gravitational field equation, and declared that general relativity was finally completed as a logical structure. 19 16 In the spring, Einstein wrote a summary paper "The Basis of General Relativity"; At the end of the same year, a popular booklet "On Special and General Relativity" came out.

19 16 In June, when Einstein was studying the approximate integral of the gravitational field equation, he found that a mechanical system would inevitably emit gravitational waves propagating at the speed of light when it changed, and thus put forward the gravitational wave theory. 1979, 24 years after Einstein's death, the existence of gravitational waves was indirectly proved.

19 17 years, Einstein used the achievements of general relativity to study the space-time structure of the universe and published a groundbreaking paper, "A Survey of the Universe Based on General Relativity". This paper analyzes the traditional concept of "the universe is infinite in space" and points out that it is incompatible with Newton's theory of gravity and general relativity. In his view, the possible way out is to regard the universe as a closed continuous area with limited space volume and infer that the universe is infinite in space with scientific arguments. This is a bold pioneering work in human history, which makes cosmology get rid of pure speculation and enter the field of modern science.

A long and difficult exploration

After the completion of the general theory of relativity, Einstein still felt dissatisfied, so he wanted to extend the general theory of relativity to include not only the gravitational field, but also the electromagnetic field. He believes that this is the third stage of the development of relativity, namely the unified field theory.

After 1925, Einstein went all out to explore the unified field theory In the first few years, he was optimistic that victory was in sight; It turned out to be a lot more difficult. He thinks that the existing mathematical tools are not enough. Exploration of 1928 to pure mathematics. He tried various methods, but he didn't get any results with real physical significance.

During the 30 years from 1925 to 1955, except for the completeness of quantum mechanics, gravitational waves and general relativity, Einstein devoted almost all his scientific creative energy to the exploration of unified field theory.

1937, with the cooperation of two assistants, he deduced the equation of motion from the gravitational field equation of general relativity, further revealing the unity of time and space, matter and motion, which was a major development of general relativity and the last major achievement Einstein made in scientific creation activities.

He never succeeded in the same theory. He never gets discouraged and always starts from scratch with confidence. Because he was far away from the mainstream of physics research at that time, he went alone to overcome the problems that could not be solved at that time. So contrary to the situation in the 1920s, he was very isolated in physics in his later years. However, he is still fearless and unswervingly follows his own path. Until the day before his death, he was still in his hospital bed preparing to continue his mathematical calculation of the unified field theory.

The style of the greatest scientist

Einstein won many awards and honorary doctorates for his achievements in science. If the average person would hang these things high. But Einstein put everything on it, including the Nobel Prize certificate, in a messy box without looking. Neifield said that he sometimes felt that Einstein might not even know what the Nobel Prize meant. It is said that on the day of receiving the award, his expression was as calm as usual, and he did not show any special happiness or excitement.

Einstein lived in Switzerland as a teenager and lived as a poor student. He doesn't ask much about material life. He was satisfied with a plate of spaghetti with a little sauce. After becoming famous, he became a professor and later immigrated to the United States to escape Nazi persecution. He has the conditions to live a good material life, but he still lives a simple and simple life like a poor student.

When Einstein came to work at the Institute of Advanced Science in Princeton, the authorities offered him a fairly high salary-annual salary 16000 US dollars, but he said, "Can you give me less money?" Give me three thousand dollars is enough. "

Einstein didn't pay attention to his clothes either. He wore a black leather coat, and for many years he didn't wear socks or a tie. His trousers sometimes wore neither belts nor suspenders. When he was discussing problems with others in front of the blackboard, he was writing on the blackboard while pulling his pants that seemed to slide down with his hands. This situation is a bit funny, but his hair is long and unadorned. This is amazing for students of such an aristocratic institution as Princeton University. No wonder they want God to tell him to cut his hair.

Einstein was a thrifty man. He writes on both sides of the calculation paper, and he cuts open many envelopes sent to him as calculation draft paper to prevent them from losing their reusable value before entering the wastebasket. Einstein often takes the second place when he goes out.