The origin of quadrangles

Siheyuan is an independent courtyard, which consists of the main room (usually the north room), the east wing, the west wing and the south wing. Sometimes there are east and west wing rooms next to the main house, and there are verandahs connecting the houses on all sides to avoid the wind and rain.

The former residence of Li, the great eunuch of Qing Dynasty, located in No.24 Cai He Square, Haidian Town, is a quadrangle with three courtyards. Now it is the office of Haidian District Health Bureau.

A quadrangle in Xiangmin, a western suburb, is said to be the residence of a beer merchant in the Qing Dynasty and one of the well-preserved quadrangles in Beijing. The other door of the quadrangle is in North Xinhua Street, which is a large area of the quadrangle in Beijing. There are many rockeries in the courtyard.

Hutongs in Beijing are generally east-west, mainly for retaining people. The courtyard gate in the north of hutong generally opens in the southeast corner of the yard, and the courtyard gate in the south generally opens in the west corner of the yard. Siheyuan is a typical residential form in Beijing.

Generally, quadrangles have two courtyards, and the big ones have three or four courtyards and gardens. The two courtyards generally build a partition wall between the east wing and the west wing, and the outhouse generally houses staff. Luxury hanging doors are generally built between the inner and outer rooms, and there is a shadow wall in the hanging door, which is only opened when there is a major event. In the old society, ladies in large houses were not allowed to go out, and the second door was not allowed, which means that domestic servants were generally not allowed to enter this door. Street gates are relatively simple, and street gates are generally built on the left side of the yard. The last row of main rooms in the big quadrangle is the back building.

Old Beijingers are more particular. For example, they can't plant locust trees in front of the courtyard, because a bug fell from locust trees in the past, commonly known as eating goods. They are worried that passers-by will say, "Why are there so many foodies here?" Because mulberry trees are homophonic with "mourning", they are not planted beside the courtyard. Beijingers love to plant oleanders in the yard.

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Shanxi quadrangle

Siheyuan, a square or rectangular courtyard, is a combined architectural form of residential buildings in northern China. This kind of courtyard generally adopts a closed combination form and becomes a representative courtyard in rural areas in northern China.

Siheyuan is very common in Shanxi, especially in the urban and rural areas near Jinzhong and Taiyuan, which is of course the product of quadrangle economy and small-scale peasant economy suitable for Shanxi.

A family, living in a closed yard, leads a comfortable, leisurely and quiet life, enjoys family happiness and naturally has a relaxed atmosphere.

This quadrangle was left over from the old society before the founding of New China, and it is still in use. This kind of quadrangle usually uses the door to enter and exit a quadrangle. Usually, when the gate is closed, it is in a completely closed state. Most of the courtyard doors of quadrangles use wooden doors. One end of the gate made of planks is placed in the shaft from top to bottom, which can be opened and closed, safe and reliable. In the quadrangle, there is the main room, which is the north room. This is the first room in the courtyard. Generally, the direction of quadrangles is to sit north to south. On the east and west sides, there are east and west wing rooms. The east and west wing rooms are generally symmetrical, and the building formats are generally the same or similar. There is a south building in the south, corresponding to the north building. Most of the quadrangles were built symmetrically according to the traditional "habits" of China. Of course, in the corner formed by the north-south and east-west rooms, there are wing rooms. Some of these wings are used to store grain, become warehouses such as grain depots, and some are used as kitchens. There is also a corner, usually the southwest corner is the toilet, while the southeast corner is mostly the gate of the yard. This quadrangle scheme is more common in the county town of Shanxi and its nearby countryside. In some places, there are courtyards with the gates facing south.

Some families, in order to decorate the courtyard, also build a shadow wall, that is, a brick wall, directly opposite the entrance of the courtyard. On the side facing the gate, flowers, pine and bamboo patterns or large calligraphy characters are usually placed on the front of the screen wall. Write auspicious words such as "Fu", "Lu" and "Shou". There are also some screen walls painted with auspicious patterns, such as "Song Yan He Nian", "Magpie Climbing Plums" and "Kirin Sending Children", which create a scholarly atmosphere of the quadrangle. Some farmers also use words or pictures such as "bumper harvests", "good luck" and "happiness as the East China Sea". This kind of screen wall is located at the entrance of the gate, some are built separately, and some are embedded in the gable of the wing. The screen wall, also known as the screen wall, is square, surrounded by brick carvings, and the square in the middle is calligraphy or painting. Zhaobi is divided into two parts: the base and the wall. In addition to adding atmosphere to the courtyard and praying for good luck, the wall also plays an isolation role, making it difficult for the outside world to peep at the activities in the courtyard.

In the yard, there are different kinds of floors, such as slates, bricks and pebbles. The ground in the yard has been paved, and the main passage has been paved. No matter how it is paved, there are always some places in the yard where trees and flowers can be planted as an ornament of the yard.

With the development of the times, many changes have taken place in the present architecture. In rural areas, most of them have undergone great evolution on the basis of the original quadrangles. That is to expand the number of rooms in the main room, because the main room-the north room has good lighting. Therefore, when building a house, make full use of the space and ground in the north as much as possible to make the courtyard irregular. The north house is the main house, and a square or rectangular courtyard is formed in front of the main house.

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The Architectural Classic of Old Beijing —— Siheyuan

Speaking of quadrangles in Beijing, it is indispensable. Never thought about it before. Many students studying abroad asked me with great interest, only to know that quadrangles have become a scene in Beijing.

This time, I donated money in the community, and my Beijing buddies who don't know much about it came to see it, so as not to ask questions. A little ignorant of his own door ...

Friends from other places will come to Beijing to play in the future, and they will not feel wronged when they visit quadrangles. They can tell the truth wherever they go, which is better than walking.

The quadrangles in Beijing, which began in the12nd century, meet the requirements of the patriarchal clan system in feudal society and are a century-old traditional living form in Beijing.

Four in one is that there are houses in the southeast, northwest and northwest, with neat layout and bright courtyard, which makes people feel quiet and comfortable and live in their own rooms in an orderly way, which is convenient for work and rest.

Once upon a time, Beijingers paid attention to many houses. As the saying goes, money can't live in the southeast room. It is not warm in winter and not cold in summer. Everyone is happy to live in a house on the north side of the road, with neat yards at all corners. They don't like falling down the steps, saying it's jumping into a pit (stupid ...). There are four sayings in Beijing: it is better to live in front of the temple than behind it, and it is better to live behind the temple than to live with friends.

Pine and cypress trees and poplars can't be planted in the yard, because they are planted in secluded houses. It doesn't matter now. You can plant it as you like, hehe.

The quadrangles in Beijing are divided into large, medium and small specifications.

Big quadrangle: the main room is the front porch and the back building, and there is a building behind it. There is a flower hanging door in the middle of the flower wall in the south of the east and west wing, and there are four wooden screens in the door. There are verandahs on the east and west wings, which communicate with the hanging flower gate. Some flower walls are on both sides of the hanging door, with two or three leaking windows.

Between the main room and the wing room, there is a round moon door, which can lead from the aisle to the backyard, and some have a hall.

There is a flower wall in the east and west of the outer court, with a moon gate in the middle, a wooden screen painted green on all sides, and Chinese characters of the Red Cross on it, with "moving wall calligraphy" in the east and "Xiyuan calligraphy" in the west. You can go to the Cross Courtyard from this gate.

There is a gable corridor in the south room, which is connected by gables. In this way, several courtyards have been formed, which are connected from east to west and from north to south. The most typical big quadrangles in Beijing are Nawangfu (in Goldfish Hutong) and Gongwangfu (Shichahai West Street) in Qing Dynasty, which are spectacular and have gardens.

Siheyuan generally has five or seven main rooms, with wooden partitions or floors, and some main rooms and wing rooms have porches.

The five rooms are three main rooms and two wing rooms, and the wing room is a single door, so-called "three ears".

Seven rooms, between the main room and the wing, there are two suites (opened on the gables) communicating with the main room. There are three east and west wings, and there is an aisle between the wings, which can lead to the backyard.

There is a courtyard wall on the south side of the east and west wing, which divides the courtyard into an inner courtyard and an outer courtyard, both of which are brick fields. After the rain, there is no water. There is a moon gate in the middle of the courtyard wall. In order not to let people in the outer courtyard see the inner courtyard at a glance, a brick or wooden screen wall was erected behind the moon gate. Some put a few pots of flowers in the yard, put a big fish tank, put up a roof in summer and enjoy the cool in the yard.

Old Beijingers say: ceiling, fish tank, pomegranate tree. This is the scene of quadrangles in summer.

In the outer court, everything has one or two deer tops. The house at the top of the deer is a little smaller than the wing. Is it for kitchen or for servants?

In the pattern of south room and seven rooms, one room in the east is a doorway, the other room in the west is a concierge, and the door opens on the west wall of the doorway.

Make a garage or a side door in the west.

The whole house, pay attention to grinding bricks to sew, yellow pine wooden frame, double eaves of wind and fire, square brick floor in the house, bright windows. Except for the deer roof, wing and garage, all windows are supported from the top and removed from the bottom. The so-called "upper support and lower support" means that there are two windows pasted with Korean paper on it, and the outside one can be supported by two thin iron bars. In summer, the windows inside are ventilated with cool cloth. In winter, the one outside will be exhausted and sheltered from the wind and cold. The window at the bottom is a whole piece of big glass. There is also a window guard outside. Hang it at night and take it off in the morning.

This quadrangle was distributed to several families after liberation. After liberation, most residents in Beijing lived in such houses. Now the population of Beijing is increasing year by year, and everyone is happy to live in a building. There are fewer and fewer such houses. ...

Small quadrangle, this kind of quadrangle has a simple layout. Generally, there are three rooms in the north house (also called the first room), and there are partitions in the house, which are divided into one bright and two dark or two dark and one bright. There are two east wing rooms and three south wing rooms (also called inverted seats), all of which are tile houses with brick roofs and roofs. There are also some small quadrangles with chessboard centers, or gray stalks.

It is very suitable for families of two or three generations to live in a small single-family courtyard. Parents live in the main room (upper room, upper room), the younger generation lives in the wing room, and the south room serves as the living room and the back study room. There is a brick cross road in the yard, which leads to the doors of four rooms, east, west, north and south, and there are steps in front of the door.

Street gates are all in the southeast, and rarely open in the south, because the temple gates are all in the middle of the south, all of which are the gates of Qingshui Ridge. The two street doors facing the customs have a small iron ring for knocking at the door.

The main buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties are less and less in high-rise buildings now, but some of them have been listed as cultural relics protection units, so you can go and see them if you are interested.

They are: No.87 Xijiaomin Lane, Xicheng District 1 12 Xisi North Street, No.23 North Xinhua Street 1 1 9 Xisi North Third Street 15 Ximen Qiangong Hutong 65438-65 Dongsi Sixth Hutong/.

Recently, Beijing City was badly demolished. If you have a camera, leave precious shots that will never be repeated, otherwise they will only reappear in your memory in the future.

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Caiqimen

Hanging flower gate is a very delicate door in quadrangles. It is the dividing line and the only passage between the inner house and the outer house (front yard).

The front yard and the inner yard are separated by hanging doors and courtyard walls. In the front yard, outsiders can lead to the reception room of the south room, and the inner yard is where their families live and live. Generally, outsiders are not allowed to go in and out casually. This rule must even be enforced by their own footmen.

In the old days, people often said that "the main entrance does not go out, but the second door does not move", and "the second door" refers to this hanging door.

Hanging flower door means that the eaves column on the door does not fall to the ground, but hangs on the purlin of the central column, and the column is engraved with gorgeous wood carvings such as petals and lotus leaves, mostly lotus flowers and bouquets. Because the hanging flower gate is located on the central axis of the whole house, it is divided into inside and outside, and the building is magnificent, so the hanging flower gate is the most striking place in the whole house.

The whole building of Diaohuamen does not occupy land, which is one of the characteristics of Diaohuamen, so the space inside Diaohuamen is large, which also provides great convenience for housewives to bid farewell to female relatives and friends.

Hanging flower gate is an important building in quadrangles. With its dignified and gorgeous image, it has become a watershed between the outer courtyard and the inner courtyard of quadrangles. Hanging flower gate is generally located in the middle of the north side of the outer courtyard, opposite to the middle room of the inverted south building facing the street. Generally, hanging flower doors are built on three or five floors of bluestone steps, with polished brick walls on both sides and exquisite joints. Hanging flower gates are built on the main axis of the courtyard. Just like the main room in the cross road and courtyard, they are located on a main axis running north and south, and are first displayed to the guests. After entering the inner room, the handwriting gallery and the cross road are separated left and right with the hanging door as the central axis.

Diaohuamen is a highly decorative building, and almost all the prominent parts are decorated with great care. The beam head outside the hanging flower gate is often carved into the shape of a cloud head, which is called "Maye Beam Head". This kind of carved beam head is rare in general buildings. Under the beam head of the beam, there are a pair of upside-down short columns, and the stigma is carved with lotus petals, pearls, calyx clouds or pomegranate heads, which are like a pair of budding buds. These short columns are called "hanging lotus columns", and the origin of the name of hanging door is probably related to these special hanging columns. There are also exquisite sculptures connecting the two columns, with themes such as "generations to come", "three friends in the cold", "wealth in Yaochi" and "happiness in life". These sculptures entrusted the owner's yearning for a better life and decorated the facade of this prestigious inner house with colorful colors.

From the outside, the hanging flower gate looks like an extremely gorgeous brick-wood gate house. Seen from the yard, the hanging flower gate looks like a square hut with pavilions. Four green wooden screen doors are often closed, just like a wall, which adds a three-dimensional sense to the hanging door. The top of the hanging flower door is mostly a rolling shed, the top of the outer part of the door is a clear water ridge, and the interior of the door is divided into a rolling shed roof. The intersection of the two roofs is hooked together to form a gutter, and half of the rainwater borne by the hanging flower door flows out from both sides of the gutter, which greatly reduces the erosion of the hanging flower door steps by dripping water and rainwater in front of the eaves.

In addition to decorative function, the hanging flower gate also plays the role of showing the owner's financial resources, family reproduction and cultural literacy, and even showing the owner's hobbies and personality.

Each hanging door has two functions. The first is to have a certain defensive function. Therefore, the first door is installed between the two columns on the outside. This door is thicker, similar to a street door. It is called "chessboard door" or "rescue side door". It is open for residents to pass during the day and closed at night, with safety function.

The second is to act as a barrier, which is the main function of the hanging door. In order to ensure the concealment of the inner room, another door, called "screen door", was installed between the two columns inside the hanging door. Except for important ceremonies in the family, such as weddings and funerals, the screen door is closed at other times. When people go in and out of the second door, they don't go through the screen door, but go through the side doors on both sides of the screen door or the calligraphy corridors on both sides of the hanging door to reach the inner courtyard and the rooms. This function of the hanging flower door gives full play to its special function, which not only communicates the inner and outer rooms, but also strictly divides the space.

Through a small hanging door, we can see the industriousness, intelligence and wisdom of the ancient working people in China, which is a unique folk picture.

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Back room of Beijing quadrangle

After entering the hanging flower gate, it is the inner courtyard of the quadrangle. The inner room is a courtyard, surrounded by buildings with north room, east wing room, west wing room and hanging flower doors.

Main room-the north room of the inner room is the main room, and the seat faces south. This is the most important room in the house. The size of the abutment and the house are relatively high, generally three, and the big house is five.

There are also one or two rooms with small depth and height on both sides of the main wing, just like two ears hanging on both sides of the main wing, so it is called a wing. If there is a wing on each side and two rooms on each side, it is called "three positive ears" If there are two rooms on each side and four rooms on each side, it is called' three positive and four ears'. Small quadrangles are mostly "three sides and two ears", while medium-sized quadrangles are mostly "three sides and four ears".

Wing-there are three rooms on the east and west sides of the inner temple, which open to the courtyard door respectively, called wing. If the quadrangle is large, a wing can be added to the south of the wing.

Corridor-there is usually a corridor connecting the main room, the side room and the hanging flower gate. Every house connected by a veranda has a veranda on its front eaves, and there are holes in the gables at both ends of the veranda, which leads to the veranda. Handwriting corridors are all in the shape of curved feet, which are connected with the north room, the east room, the west room and the hanging door, and the inner rooms are connected in series into a whole. The veranda not only has the function of passage, but also enriches the level and space of interior architecture.

Hall-In the feudal society where the old and the young are orderly and divided into generations, the allocation of residence in the inner hall is very strict, and the principal room with superior position in the inner hall must be occupied by the grandfather and wife of the older generation. Only one of the three rooms in the north room is open to the public, which is called the main room. The two rooms on both sides only opened the door of the hall to form a suite, which became a pattern of light and shade.

The main hall is the place where family members live, entertain relatives or worship ancestors on New Year's Day, and there are many bedrooms on both sides. The bedrooms on both sides of the east and west also have the distinction of honour and inferiority. Under the system of polygamy, the east side is distinguished and occupies the first house, while the west side is humble and occupies the wing.

East-west wing-can open the door alone, or communicate with the main room, generally used as a bedroom or study. Both the East Wing and the West Wing are occupied by the younger generation. The wing is also light and dark, with a living room in the middle and bedrooms on both sides. You can also separate a room on the south side for use as a kitchen or restaurant.

Back-built houses-quadrangles of medium or above often have back military houses or back Gai Lou, mainly for unmarried women or maids.

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Brick type in Beijing folk houses

Bricks for residential buildings in Beijing are generally whole bricks with broken brick tips. What is a whole brick? This kind of brick is nine inches long, four inches wide and two inches thick. There is a deep ditch running through the whole length in the middle of the front of the brick. Why do you want to set this deep ditch? The family said: in order to catch mud. The brick is dark gray, larger and wider than the current machine-made red brick, but slightly thinner. In addition to strip bricks, broken bricks or semi-bricks are only used in non-critical parts of housing construction in Beijing.

These big fat-headed tiles with different sizes, shapes and missing surfaces suddenly shine through the hands of Beijing masons. No matter how small the brick is, it will be useful in the hands of Beijing masons. The gables and courtyard walls of our common Beijing residents' courtyards are mostly made of bricks and broken bricks. To build this wall, first build the four corners with bricks, and fill the middle with broken bricks and mud, which will shrink slightly inward. The purpose is to cover the broken brick mud with a layer of white plaster that can resist wind, rain and snow, increase the service life of the house, and save labor and materials. Once this kind of wall is completed, the wall in front of you is blue brick with neat corners and a white wall in the middle, which makes people look decent. Just one thing, remember, don't poke it open. It's all broken bricks and loess, and there are more than two years of terrapin in the brick wall! The worm moved, and the thin loess flowed off and on like a cave stream. The best performance of building a wall with broken bricks is the shadow wall that enters the door. The words "peace" or "blessing" are painted on the screen wall. In front of the screen wall, there are several pots of flowers and trees, fish tanks and oleander, which are the eyes of Sun Monkey. You can't see the "stuffing" in this embroidered pillow!

Housing taboos of Beijingers

If "money can't live in the southeast room, it's not warm in winter and not cool in summer" is the condition for old Beijingers to choose housing, then there is something that old Beijingers can't accept even more, that is, the role of numbers and location and some special objects living in Beijing.

Beijingers call the courtyard where the living live a mansion, which symbolizes vitality and vigor. The cemetery where the dead are buried is called a ghost house. Yin houses generally plant pine trees and cypresses, symbolizing the immortality of the dead. In addition, planting pine and cypress also has the function of soil and water conservation and grave protection. Of course, in order to find the graves of relatives, people will plant trees next to them. When they grow up, they can see where they want to sweep miles away.

Contrary to the cemetery, old Beijingers never plant pine and cypress trees in quadrangles. Similarly, even the best mulberry trees will not be favored by their owners. As for pears with fresh mouths, their trees will be shut out of the front yard and backyard. Why? It is probably the homonym of "mulberry", "mourning", "pear" and "separation". There is a saying in Beijing: "Mulberry, pine, cypress, pear and Huai are not allowed to enter the government." This is a fact.

So there are many kinds of houses in Beijing, such as Xifu Begonia, Lintong Pomegranate, Spring Peach Jujube and so on. It can be said that flowers can be enjoyed in spring, cool in summer and early fruits can be tasted in autumn. It is most appropriate to use "Chunhua Qiushi" to summarize the trees in houses in Beijing.

Beijingers are also afraid that the ground in the yard is lower than that in the alley and the street, because they have to jump into the toad pit as soon as they enter the door. It is obviously unlucky to go out from low to high, just like climbing a mountain. In addition, in numbers, the singular is unlucky, which is unacceptable to most people. Buy a pair of boxes, two chairs, a pair of hats and so on. But some people want to be singular, that is, the north room should be singular, or three rooms, or five rooms. If there are four rooms, it is necessary to build three large rooms with half rooms on each side, which is called "four broken five". As for the east wing and the west wing, three rooms are the most important. The purpose is to create a central axis in the architectural combination of the courtyard. This line is like a person's backbone and the most important source of geomantic omen in the courtyard. Because of this, even numbers are not popular in residential buildings in Beijing. So there is a saying in Beijing that "four or six is not bad".

Mendun in old Beijing

"The little boy, sitting at the door, crying for his wife ..."

The pier, also known as the door seat and pier, is placed at the bottom of the door shaft, and its function is to support the bottom of the door shaft-the lower door yard. In ancient times, there were many codes at the bottom of weapons commonly used on the battlefield, such as knife code, gun code, spear code, hammer code and so on. Because the lower door code carries the weight of a door, the user requires that the object contacted by the door code should have a certain hardness. Ordinary people use wood more. For long-term use and flexible rotation, people often add some oil to the rotating part of the door yard to promote its flexibility. One is easy and silent, and the other is that the axis of the door is not easy to corrode.

Pay a little attention to the door, and stretch the stone under it outward and backward. From the shape, there are rectangular pillows that people use to sleep. People also call this pier a door pillow. If the outside is made into the shape of a drum, people call it a door drum. Generally speaking, Beijingers are still called doorways. Every summer, it's hot outside and cool at the door. Through flow makes people like chatting beside the stone drums. Children are afraid of the heat, and women hold their children to enjoy the cool at the dock or wait for their families to come back. There are nursery rhymes at the beginning of this article in my spare time.

Because the door drum and the door pillow have several large faces, people carve various patterns on them for beautification and appreciation. Wan Ziwen is very common, and some of them are carved with auspicious patterns. For example, two lions are playing in the water. Leopard feet, splendor, Ruyitou, double happiness of bamboo and plum, peace of bamboo, Yuntou, palindrome, eight diagrams, Taiji diagram, etc.

Most of the stone animals carved on the doorpillows of Beijing houses are stone lions, which are found in front of almost every small and medium-sized quadrangle. Although it was smashed a lot during the Cultural Revolution, there were too many doorpiers in Beijing, so now you can see intact doorpillows and carved stone lions in all hutongs in Beijing. Why carve a stone lion in front of the door? The lion is the king of all animals, so the stone lion carved on the door pillow also shows the status of the owner. The carving skills of stone lions are extremely high, and the male lion and the female lion have their own characteristics. They either embroider the ball or touch the young lion, squatting, sitting, leaning back and lying down, with different postures, each with its own merits, which makes people fondle it.

The patterns on the door pillows and drums depend on the design of the whole house. Because the door pillow and door drum are indispensable parts of the door series of Beijing houses, when carving patterns on the door pillow, we should consider the width of the work and the door, as well as the overall combination of screen wall, door opening, hanging door, moon door and door hairpin. Only by combining them organically can we show the integration of architecture and owners' positions, even the characteristics and idiosyncrasies of owners. As the saying goes, "the door is like a man", that's probably what it means!

The door god of old Beijing

There are many door gods in houses all over the country, especially Beijing, which is the first good cultural area. Door-keeper is one of the most popular gods in China and Beijing. Its long history, wide spread and variety are the most prominent among folk gods. Only the book of door gods standing proudly on the doors of thousands of households in Beijing in the old days was recorded in the back.

1. Ghostbusters are mostly Shen Tu and Lei Yu, Golden Rooster and Tiger. Legend has it that there is a big peach tree in Taoyudu Mountain, which bends three thousand miles. There is a golden rooster at the top, and Er Shen at the bottom, with jade on one side and thunder on the other, holding a reed rope to guard the ominous ghost bird. This is Jiang Dan, the golden rooster in Rizhao. The rooster crows loudly. So all the chickens in the world heard it, and the golden rooster flew down and ate all the evil spirits. Ghosts were afraid of the golden rooster, and they all left, and the world was safe. What's more, after catching the ghost, Lei Yu tied a reed rope and held a tiger. In the old days, after the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, Beijingers put up door gods, decorated peaches, hung reeds and painted tigers on the doors, and put two lights on the left and right of the doors to symbolize the tiger's eyes, so as to drive away ominous, evil and ghosts.

Second, the door god for praying is not the protector of the portal, but is used for praying. The central figure is Fu Tianguan. There are also bangs, golden toad, lucky boy and little god of wealth. Most of the families of worshippers and posters are business people, hoping for fame and fortune, deer and bats being happy, and BMW bottles and saddles praying from the door gods, all of which are different in order to welcome auspicious events.

Third, the Taoist door gods were not posted in Beijing folk houses, but found in the Jingdao Temple. There are two gods in the gate. On the left is Qinglong Alina Zhang Shen Jun, and on the right is White Tiger prisoner Shen Jun.

Fourth, the military commander's door god, the military commander's door god is generally posted on the door facing the street. In order to prevent demons or disasters from entering the gate, the door gods provided are mostly armed. Such as: sword, spear, halberd, axe, fork, whip, hammer, hammer, claw, kidnapper, meteor, etc. The door gods of military commanders at the entrance of Beijing residents' courtyard are mostly Tang Dynasty famous Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong. Also known as Qin, a native of Licheng, Shandong Province, has strong martial arts. He is known as: Sai Zhuan Xu, like Meng Changjun, Shenquan Taibao, General with Double Hammer, hammering the Sixth Hospital of Shandong and galloping across the Yellow River. Weichi Gong, a general of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, was skilled in martial arts. He occupied three cities during the day and eight villages at night, which made him a duke of Hubei. After Qin and Wei Chi helped to establish the Tang Dynasty, why did they still serve as folk door gods when they were named the founding fathers? A Complete Collection of the Three Religions Seeking Gods: In his early years, Emperor Taizong sent crocks to sweep Dou Jiande, Du and other insurgents, during which he killed countless people. Upon arrival, he was in poor health, fidgeting at night and having nightmares. He often worships ghosts, throwing bricks and tiles inside and outside the bedroom hall, and ghosts call, which makes the front and back halls, the thirty-six palaces and the seventy-two courtyards restless at night. Li Shimin was afraid and told his minister, but he didn't know anything inside or outside the palace. Only Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin were afraid day and night. After more than a month, Emperor Taizong finally couldn't stand the torture of evil spirits and called the ministers to discuss. It is suggested that Marshal Qin Qiong and General Weichi Gong should put on armor on both sides of the palace gate every night to guard the palace gate. Sure enough, there was no movement that night, and Taizong and the civil and military officials of the court cheered in unison. But over time, Emperor Taizong missed Weichi Gong, two generals, who worked hard day and night, so he asked the palace painter to draw a statue of the two generals, glaring and arrogant, holding whips and clappers and hanging them on both sides of the palace gate. Since then, evil worship has completely disappeared. Later generations followed this rule, so they named the two generals as gatekeepers forever, making them the most popular, influential, prestigious, popular and loved by the rich and the poor for a long time.

Idols of Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong have the most styles in Beijing residence, sitting, standing, wearing robes, piercing armor, stepping, riding, dancing with single whip and double mace, holding golden claws, but never like holding bows and arrows. Only Wang Bodang, the descendant of Xie He, a friend of the founding father of the Tang Dynasty, can hold bows and arrows. At the end of the Zong Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the hero Xiaohe Sai Guo Sheng appeared again.

Because the door couplets and the door gods are posted on the left and right sides of the door, a pair of couplets are added to the left and right sides of Weichi Gong: "Once a founding general, now a town house god" to celebrate the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty and the door gods loved by people.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, the door gods of military commanders all over the country were different, and they were different from those of Beijing. For example, the door gods worshipped by Henan people are Zhao Yun and Ma Chao of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. Hebei people worship Ma Chao and Ma Dai, while northwest Hebei worships Xue and Gaisu. Shaanxi people worship Sun Bin and Pang Juan, Taihe Yang. And stationed in Hanzhong area are mostly two idiots, Meng Liang and Jiao Zan.

Besides Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong, there are also Jie Zhen, Anta, Lv Fang and Guo Sheng in Water Margin. Because the quadrangles in Beijing are very big, the area often extends to the hutongs behind. Therefore, in Beijing's houses, there is also a kind of gatekeeper who sticks to the back door. There is only one keeper at the back door of Beijing residential building. Why? Because the back door is usually a single door. Who are you posting to? Most of them were Zhong Kui, the ghost catcher, and Wei Zhi, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. As we all know, Zhong Kui catches ghosts and gods, and it is also recorded in writing that Kevin·Z became the back door guard. In the novel The Journey to the West, it is said that after Wei Zhi, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, beheaded the old dragon king in Jinghe, the ghost of the old dragon king felt very wronged and went into the inner palace every night to beg for the life of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin. Said outside the palace gate, Weichi Gong led the soldiers to guard. The ghost of the old dragon king dared not walk under Shuang Bian's double mace. He turned to the back door of the palace and smashed bricks and tiles. As Weichi Gong and I were already at the front door, the Prime Minister had to personally hold the Dragon Sword to kill the door at night. Over time, the ghost of the old dragon king gradually declined, and Wei Zhi's dragon sword was no longer held high and stood aside. Wei Zhi is a literary official in The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties. He was the first Taoist in Sanqing Temple in Erxian Village, Lucheng County, and was later regarded as a door god by the people. After that, his image was full of heroism.

Because Beijing is an ancient city and Yuan Dynasty.