Disassembly principle of Jinta-Wang Mian rock

Hello, I'm Sunny from Novice Village of Ant Private School. I am very happy to participate in the ant private school book training camp. As a small white, I deeply feel the limitations of my reading. The time to attend the training camp is just in a hurry. In 996, the first thing after work every day was to turn on the computer and start flipping through books. I encountered many difficulties because of opening a new book, but I am glad that I persisted.

Original book information

The principle of golden pagoda

Translator: Wang Er, Gao Yu.

Name: Nanhai Publishing Company

Version: 20 13 1 1 month

ISBN: 978-7-544-26850-9

Open the book frame

The first chapter introduces the principle of the golden pyramid.

1, background introduction

2. What is the golden pyramid principle?

3. Why should we learn the principle of the Golden Pyramid?

Chapter two? Expression logic one

1, how to build a pyramid from top to bottom?

2. Introduction of bottom-up method

Chapter III Expression Logic II

The Storytelling Structure of 1, Order

2. How to write a good preface

Chapter four? Logic of thinking

1, conceive the basic content, and determine the logical framework and logical order.

2. Summarize the implied meaning of each group of thoughts.

Chapter five? Logic for solving problems

1, define the problem

2. Structured analysis problem

3. Analyze/find solutions

The first chapter introduces the principle of the golden pyramid.

1, background introduction

Barbara, the author of the Golden Pagoda Principle? Minto is the first female consultant of McKinsey & Company, who is responsible for improving the writing ability of employees of McKinsey, a world-class leading global management consulting company, and is committed to exploring the thinking structure necessary for articles with clear regulations.

In the process of training, Mingtuo soon found that the main problem of most employees is not how to use the language correctly, but how to think clearly. This discovery prompted Mingtuo to explore the thinking structure necessary for articles with clear provisions, and finally summed up the main points of the golden pagoda principle.

The book was first published in 1973, which immediately caused a sensation and sold well in European and American markets for 30 years. The book is regarded as an important part of McKinsey's thought and was immediately used by many internationally renowned companies for internal staff training; At the same time, it has been selected as a designated teaching material by many business schools and has been widely recognized by the society.

So many auras are added to the body, what is the principle of the golden pyramid? Combined with the writing background of Golden Pagoda Principle, McKinsey, as a world-class leading global management consulting company, is committed to solving problems for enterprises. The golden pyramid principle is to teach us how to analyze and solve problems in a limited time and how to communicate effectively. The definition of effective communication is to let the other party understand your thoughts.

2. What is the golden pyramid principle?

Everything can be summed up in a central argument, supported by three to seven arguments. These first-order arguments can also be arguments themselves, supported by three to seven second-order arguments and extending like a pyramid, as shown in the figure.

Pyramid structure

To put it simply, there is a conclusion first, a conclusion first, and then a conclusion at different levels. When you tell the conclusion directly, the reader can understand your thoughts with the least brain power. On the contrary, if it is a long story, readers need to spend a lot of brain power to find the context, and most readers will get tired of constantly looking for the logical relationship between sentences.

3. Why should we learn the principle of the Golden Pyramid?

On this issue, no matter how many theories are empty talk. Just look at an example directly, and maybe you will understand:

(1) pyramid not used:

Zhang San called and said that he couldn't have a meeting at three o'clock. Li Si said that he wouldn't mind having a meeting later. Tomorrow is fine, but not before 10.30. Wang Wu's secretary said that Wang Wu would not come back from other places until later tomorrow. The conference room has been reserved for tomorrow, but it is not available on Thursday. It seems appropriate to set the meeting time on Thursday 1 1. Do you agree?

(2) Using pyramids:

Can today's meeting be changed to Thursday 1 1? Because it is more convenient for Zhang San and Li Si, and Wang also attended, only one conference room has not been reserved this week.

For the two expressions 1 and 2, which is easier to understand, is it clear at a glance? It can be seen that the golden pyramid principle is more in line with people's understanding habits, which can make the viewpoint clear, focused and logical.

Chapter two? Expressive logic

1, how to build a pyramid from top to bottom?

Pyramid framework

The construction steps are as follows:

(1) Draw a theme box.

Fill in the box at the top of the pyramid with the topic you want to discuss. If you don't know what topic you want to discuss, please skip to step (2).

(2) Assumptions of main problems

Determine the readers of the article. Who will your article be aimed at? What questions do you want the article to answer on this topic? If you can determine the reader's main question, please write it down, otherwise skip to step (4).

(3) Write the answer to this question

If you don't know the answer, please indicate that you have the ability to answer the question.

(4) Explain the "background"

You need to prove that you can clearly discuss the main questions and answers at this stage: combine the topic to be discussed with the "background" and make the first uncontroversial statement on the topic.

(5) Point out "conflict"

When you start a question-and-answer dialogue with the reader, if the reader nods and says, "Yes, I know this situation. What's the problem? " You should consider what "conflicts" have occurred in the "background" that can make readers doubt, for example, an accident, a problem, or obvious changes that should not have happened.

(6) Check "main questions" and "answers"

Introducing "conflict" into "background" should directly lead readers to ask the main questions (listed in step 2). Otherwise, we should reintroduce "conflict" into "background" so that it can directly guide readers to ask important questions. Maybe sometimes the "conflict" in the "background" doesn't match the main problem, so you need to reconsider.

The purpose of the above steps is to make sure that you know what questions you will answer. Once the main "problem" is determined, other elements can be easily put in place in the pyramid structure.

Let's look at a case. This case is a humorous story extracted from an article written by G K chesterton.

Example of question/answer

As shown in the figure, we can intuitively see how to build a pyramid structure with a top-down method. The great value of the pyramid lies in that it forces you to make clear the vertical question-and-answer dialogue relationship visually when clearing your mind. Every statement you make will arouse readers' questions, and you must also answer readers' questions one by one at the horizontal structure level under this statement.

2. Introduction of bottom-up method

The bottom-up method is used when you don't know what the central idea you want to express is and you can't build a pyramid from top to bottom, so you can organize your thoughts from bottom to top according to the following three steps.

(1), list the main points you want to express.

(2), list the logical relationship of each point.

(3) draw a conclusion

When the thinking is not clear enough, you can think from the bottom up and then express it from the top down.

Chapter three? Logic of expression 2

The Storytelling Structure of 1, Order

What is the most important part of attracting readers? Is the preface of the article, in fact, it is the introduction to arouse readers' interest in your article, just like the opening remarks of your speech, just like people's first impression. Everyone knows the importance of the first impression. For an article, the first impression is related to whether people will give you an opportunity to express their views, which is very important.

Why should we follow the story-telling structure? Because we need to attract readers' attention.

2. How to write a good preface

The main function of preface is to stimulate readers' interest and attract attention.

So how do we write a good preface? The author puts forward a method called SCQA. Firstly, introduce some familiar "background (s)", and "conflict (c)" will occur, which will lead to the reader's "question (q)" and then give the "answer (a)".

What are the advantages of this method? For example: in the middle of the night, two Irish people met in a strange castle …

After reading this sentence, is your attention tightly attracted, and your mind is taken to a specific time and space (late at night, strange castle). You can firmly control your mind by telling the words and deeds of this character (the encounter between two Irish people), and you will be firmly attracted by this information until the climax of the story.

What kind of things will attract attention? It's a novel and suspenseful thing related to the reader himself.

In fact, SCQA is not only used to write articles, but also a tool of "structured expression", which is widely used. How to attract the audience's attention in the shortest time when giving a speech? How to get the boss's attention when reporting work? How does a movie promo interest the audience in a few minutes? All these can be solved by SCQA structure.

Based on SCQA architecture, several expression frameworks are derived.

1, Standard Form (SCA): Scenario-Conflict-Answer

The above example is

2. Cut to the chase (ASC): Answer-Background-Conflict

Honey, buy me a mobile phone.

S: Why?

C: I'll do the dishes for the next six months.

3.CSA: Conflict-Background-Answer

Oh, you are very ill.

S: Fortunately, it can be cured. The United States has just passed the FDA certification of the latest research results.

A: It's just ... a little expensive.

4.QSCA: Question-Situation-Conflict-Answer

Q: What is the biggest problem facing all mankind today?

S: In the past few decades, science and technology have told development that human beings have advanced weapons and can destroy the earth dozens of times.

C: However, we have the ability to destroy the earth, but there is no way to escape.

A: So, the biggest threat we face today is that there is no technology to migrate to other planets. Our company will devote itself to private space technology and realize the Mars migration plan in the foreseeable future.

After reading the above example, do you think SCQA method is very practical? You can't just look at what others say, but use it in practice. Communication is an indispensable part of our daily life, and we can use this method in many scenarios.

Chapter four? Logic of thinking

1, conceive the basic content, and determine the logical framework and logical order.

There are two logical frameworks, one is deductive reasoning and the other is inductive reasoning. Let's give an example to make you understand the difference more intuitively.

Examples of deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning

As shown in the above figure, the difference between deduction and induction is very obvious; Deduction is linear, because the former gets the latter; Inductive reasoning is to classify and group a group of ideas and summarize their characteristics.

If the idea is deductive, then you can easily find out the logical order of reorganizing the idea. If it is an inductive reasoning idea, then we can choose a logical order to express it.

Inductive combination has three logical sequences:

(1) time series: notice ideas from a certain process.

(2) structural order: ideas obtained by evaluating a certain structure.

(3) Degree structure: the idea of grouping according to different degrees or importance.

2. Summarize the implied meaning of each group of thoughts.

We know that the pyramid has more than one unified principle, that is, the thought of each layer must be the summary of the thought of the next layer. Let's talk about the points for attention in the summary sentence.

(1) Avoid using "thoughtless" sentences in the concluding sentences of descriptive thoughts. Let's take an example, there is such a dialogue, as shown in the figure:

Examples of concluding sentences lacking in ideological content.

The concluding sentence used in this case belongs to the sentence of "lack of thinking", so that we find the conversation between the two people puzzling and don't know what they want to express. But if A had said this:

"john wayne said he was the best person to write a biography of samuel johnson because he and Johnson belong to the same class."

B will soon understand what A wants to say, so as to reply better.

It can be seen that the summary sentence is actually not a summary by the way (for example, three reasons), but needs to extract the implied meaning of the ideas in the group.

(2) The conclusion sentence of action thought should reflect the result/goal of action.

In other words, the goal should not be too broad, and there needs to be a standard to measure success. For example, to lose weight, you can't just say that my goal is to lose weight, but how much weight you want to lose and how much body fat you want to achieve.

Here are some examples to explain why the wording of actions must be clear.

Examples of dissatisfied words

From the above example, we should express the implied meaning in the way of expression, instead of generalizing, others will have no concept of what you want to do or what kind of goal you want to achieve; If we don't know what the ultimate goal is, we can't clearly judge whether our actions can achieve that goal.

The process of thinking is actually a process of grouping and classifying. If the summary sentence is clear in ideological logic, we can prove that our thinking logic is correct. So the summary sentence must be written well.

Chapter five? Logic for solving problems

How to solve the problem? Today, we introduce a method of continuous analysis (statistically called sequence analysis), which is an effective problem-solving skill.

How to solve the problem by continuous analysis? We walk in three steps.

Step 1: Define the problem

Step 2: Analyze the problem from the structure.

Step 3: Find a solution

Next, let's talk about these three steps in detail.

1, define the problem

To define a problem, we must first know what a problem is.

The problem is that there is a gap between what you have (the status quo) and what you want (the goal).

This gap is not created out of thin air, but comes from a certain background and is produced under a series of specific conditions. The conditions may be simple or complicated. In either case, understanding its development history is the most basic process to determine the nature of the gap and grasp its importance.

So how do you define the problem? We need to answer two questions:

1. Is there a problem/opportunity?

2. What's the problem?

2. Structured analysis problem

When we determine that there is a problem, the next thing to do is to analyze the problem. The standard process for analyzing problems is:

Collect information-> Describe the discovery->; Draw a conclusion-> Put forward a plan

In order to effectively find conclusions and action methods, analysts must consciously and methodically collect facts and draw logical findings.

Some people collect information, regardless of willy-nilly, as long as it is related to it, they bring it here; Like early consulting companies, no matter what problems customers have, they all start with the analysis of the whole company or the whole industry, but it turns out that this method has invested a lot of money, but it has little effect. It can be understood that the natural result will not be much better if the force is not used to the point.

So how do we start? First of all, we need to think, is this problem we found really a problem? Many times what we see is actually only a superficial problem, and we haven't found out what the real problem is.

Then we can first analyze the possible causes of the problem, ask and answer questions according to the pyramid structure introduced before, and finally find the real problem and propose solutions to it.

Step 3 find a solution

We need to answer two questions:

4. What can we do?

5. What shall we do?

When we find a problem, we can assume what actions we have taken according to the pyramid structure, and then analyze the possible results of these actions, and in turn analyze whether the problem can be solved.

To sum up, the steps of continuous analysis are:

(A), the definition of the problem

1. Is there a problem/possibility?

2. What's the problem?

(B), structural analysis

3. Why does it exist?

(3), looking for solutions

4. What can we do?

5. What shall we do?

When introducing the analysis results, the answers to questions 1 and 2 are the preface of the article, and the answers to questions 3~5 are the thoughts, viewpoints, arguments and opinions in the pyramid structure.

Ok, finally, let's summarize the four principles of the golden pyramid principle:

1, Conclusion 1: Each article has only one central idea, and it is placed at the front of the article.

2. Connecting the preceding with the following: the thought of each layer must be the summary of the thought of the next layer.

3. Classification and grouping: The ideas in each group must belong to the same logical category.

4. Logical progress: The ideas in each group must be arranged in logical order.

Remember to integrate theory with practice, so that you can feel the real charm of the golden pyramid principle.