Brief introduction of tanaka kakuei

Tanaka kakuei (たなかかくぇ,1965438+May 4, 2008-199365438+February 16.

Tanaka kakuei graduated from a private central technical school; 1957 became the minister of postal services, and 1972 became the prime minister of Japan. 1974 stepped down because of the Lockheed case; 1976 announced his withdrawal from the liberal democratic party; 1990 quit politics.

Tanaka kakuei's visit to China as Prime Minister has normalized the diplomatic relations between China and Japan, ended the abnormal state of Sino-Japanese relations after the war, not only made Japan take the initiative in the diplomatic struggle with the United States for the first time, but also laid the foundation for the stability of Asia. Tanaka kakuei and Brezhnev signed a joint statement, and the two sides reached an agreement on the negotiation of a peace treaty between Japan and the Soviet Union. On the Middle East issue, Japan adopted the "New Middle East Policy" to support Arab countries against aggression in order to obtain the needed oil, and proposed to adapt to the multipolar international situation.

Chinese name: tanaka kakuei.

たなかかくぇぃ，

Alias: civilian prime minister

Nationality: Japan

Ethnic group: Yamato ethnic group

Place of Birth: Youbin Prefecture, Niigata Prefecture, Japan (now Kashiwazaki City)

Date of birth:1965438+May 4, 2008 (7 years of Taisheng)

Date of death: 1993 65438+ 16 February (5 years of Heisei).

Occupation: politician, architect

Graduate school: Tokyo Central Engineering School

Faith: Liberal Democratic Party

Main achievements: promoting the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan during his term of office.

Representative work: My Resume, about the transformation of Japanese islands.

Subordinate party: Liberal Democratic Party of Japan

Children: Mako Tanaka

Gender: male

The life of the character

Early experience

19 18 On May 4th, tanaka kakuei (hereinafter referred to as Tanaka) was born in Ertian Village, Niigata Prefecture. He is the only boy among his seven daughters.

1March, 934, 16-year-old Tanaka came to Tokyo to make a living. He was an apprentice in a construction company, a deliveryman in a trading company and an intern reporter in Insurance Review magazine. During this period, he went to work during the day and studied in the private central technical school at night, and got the school's civil engineering diploma.

1938, Tanaka was drafted into the third brigade of Morioka cavalry and stationed in Heilongjiang Province, China.

65438-0940, complication of pneumonia pleurisy, was sent back to China for treatment. The following year, he was demobilized as an injured soldier.

1943 Tanaka civil construction co., ltd was established, with Tanaka as the general manager. During the 1945 period when Japan was defeated in World War II, its business scale expanded several times, and Tanaka Civil Engineering has become one of the top 50 construction companies in Japan. After the war, Tanaka became a famous rich man in the industry because of the skyrocketing real estate prices and more prosperous business.

Political experience

1947, Japan held a general election for a new postwar constitution. Tanaka was recommended to participate in the election of the new county representative of the Democratic Party, and was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time. He served as a member and director of the House Construction Committee and was active in politics.

10, the Japanese political situation changed and Hitoshi Ashida's cabinet announced its resignation. At this time, Tanaka delivered a speech entitled "Japan was defeated, but the United States could not interfere in Japan's internal affairs", thus keeping Ji Tianmao's position as president. In the same month, Ji Tianmao appointed him as the Minister of Government Affairs of the Ministry of Justice. 40 days after Tanaka became the deputy government official, capitalists who opposed the formulation of the national coal mine management law paid bribes to government officials, and Tanaka was also implicated and arrested and imprisoned. Because of Ji Tianmao's campaign, he successfully ran for parliament in the detention center with a high vote, and was acquitted two and a half years later.

1950, after Tanaka was released from prison, he served as the general manager of Changgang Railway Company, and carried out electrification transformation, which made the railway reverse the situation of losses in successive years since the establishment of 19 15.

1In August, 953, Tanaka served as the director of Nissin Chemical Corporation, the deputy director-general of the Liberal Party, and the chairman of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

From 65438 to 0954, Tanaka served as Deputy Secretary-General of the Liberal Party.

From 65438 to 0955, Tanaka was the chairman of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

From 1957 to 1958, Tanaka served as the postal minister of Kishi Nobusuke cabinet, which successfully quelled the postal union strike.

196 1 year, Tanaka served as the president of the government investigation of the liberal democratic party and solved the medical expenses problem.

1962 In July, Tanaka was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Finance.

1965, Tanaka was promoted to be the secretary-general of the liberal democratic party.

1June, 972, Sato Rong issued a statement and resigned as Prime Minister and President of the Liberal Democratic Party. On July 7, the first Tanaka Cabinet was established.

1974 1 1 month, resigned due to inner-party struggle; 65438+February, Chief Cabinet Secretary Tanaka resigned.

1976 In July, Lockheed was arrested for violating the foreign exchange law and resigned from the Liberal Democratic Party.

1976 12, Tanaka was elected as a member of the house of representatives without party affiliation after being released on bail.

1993 12 16, Tanaka died of illness.

Political measures

Political aspects

During 1972, Tanaka adopted a three-step strategy to run for the Japanese prime minister: first, he promoted Sato's re-election to prevent the regime from falling into Fukuda's hands when he was young; The second is to establish their own forces within the Sato faction; Third, actively establish friendly relations with Zheng Fang Daping and Takeo Miki schools. In the presidential election of the Liberal Democratic Party, Daping and Miki turned to support Tanaka. 1on July 7, 972, Tanaka's cabinet was established, and Tanaka became the youngest prime minister in Japan after World War II.

economic aspect

Tanaka put forward the slogan of "land reform" in the book "On the Transformation of Japanese Islands", arguing that the problem of population disparity and public pollution can be solved by adjusting the industrial layout on a large scale, and public investment can be guided according to the principle of "peace and welfare", so that the pursuit of development can be transformed into the utilization of development, which will lead to new high-speed economic growth in Japan. The concrete measures of its transformation mainly include: 1, forming the Japanese archipelago into a whole centered on Tokyo with high-speed transportation network, expanding and building expressways and shinkansen. 2. Advocate factories to stay away from big cities and encourage and support local industries. 3. Rectify the local living environment, cultivate a "backbone city" (a new city with a population of about 250,000) and stabilize the local population. Tanaka kakuei's "On the Transformation of Japanese Islands" is a new land development plan, which aims to solve the so-called "too dense" and "too sparse" problems of overpopulation in big cities and sparse population in local villages. This is the political blueprint before Tanaka formed a cabinet, which once brought hope to the Japanese people and won wide support. However, due to the incomplete preparatory work for land reform, the national land price soared and was once condemned by the media. Coupled with the shortage of funds, Tanaka's proposal was not completed.

In order to realize such an ideal society, Tanaka put the idea of island transformation into practice as the top priority of internal affairs after taking office. He set up his own consulting organization-Japan Island Reconstruction Symposium. Assist him to study and formulate relevant policies, and order government departments headed by the Ministry of Economic Planning to urgently study and formulate specific transformation plans. According to the suggestions of these institutions and departments, the Cabinet meeting put forward the Outline of Land Countermeasures and the Law on Comprehensive Land Development in June 1973 and March 1973, and formulated a large-scale financial budget with the characteristics of "island transformation" for 1973, and began to implement the seventh five-year plan for road improvement and the fifth comprehensive rural development.

Diplomatic aspect

Tanaka emphasized that being close to the third world is the pillar of Japan's diplomacy and the most important and fundamental measure to prevent Japan from being isolated in the world in the future. Specific policies such as "New Middle East Policy", "Five Principles of Southeast Asian Diplomacy", "Pro-Africa Diplomacy" and "Diplomatic Direction to Latin America" have been introduced one after another, which strongly shows a tilt towards the third world.

On the evening of July 3rd, 1972, Xiao Qian, chief representative of China-Japan Memorandum Trading Office in Japan, arrived in Tokyo. A week after Xiao Xiang arrived in China, in July 10, on the third day after Tanaka's cabinet was established,'s Prime Minister Zhou Enlai sent Sun Pinghua to lead the Shanghai Ballet to Tokyo and sent an invitation to Tanaka. On July 17, a delegation of Japanese agricultural farmers arrived in Japan. The deputy head of the delegation conveyed Premier Zhou's important instructions on the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and the DPRK to Sun Pinghua and Xiao.

On July 20th, 1972, at a reception hosted by Fujiyama Aiichiro, a Japanese friend and LDP official, to welcome George W. Xiang Qian and Sun Pinghua, Tanaka's cabinet officials, including Foreign Minister Masayoshi Daping, Minister of State Takeo Miki and Minister of International Trade and Industry Nakasone Yasuhiro, were invited to attend. On July 25th, the day18th after Tanaka became prime minister, Yoshimori, chairman of Komeito Party, was ordered to visit China to discuss Tanaka's visit to China and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two countries. From July 27th to 29th, Zhou Enlai met with him three times to convey the general principle of normalization of Sino-Japanese relations. 20 10 On August 6th, Foreign Minister Daping met with Xiao. On September 2 1, the Chief Cabinet Secretary announced that Tanaka would visit China for the normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and China.

1972 On September 29th, Tanaka and the head of Japanese government signed the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement in Beijing, announcing the normalization of diplomatic relations between the two countries.

1973 10 year 10.7-10 day, tanaka kakuei visited the Soviet union, seeking a breakthrough to solve the territorial problem in the north, and laying the foundation for recovering the four northern islands in a package in the future. During the talks, General Secretary Brezhnev admitted that the territorial issue is one of the outstanding issues between the two countries. In the joint statement issued in June, 5438+00, it was mentioned that "the unresolved issues left over from World War II should be solved", and he believed that the conclusion of a peace treaty would help to establish real friendly and good-neighborly relations between the two countries. Indirectly, the settlement of the northern territory is listed as an important issue that must be involved in the negotiation of concluding a peace treaty between the two countries. However, due to serious differences on territorial issues, the two sides failed to achieve substantive results. In addition, the two sides also signed the Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation and the Convention on the Protection of Migratory Birds.

From 65438 to 0973, Tanaka visited the United States, Europe and the Soviet Union successively, and "established the framework of multilateral diplomacy". In the same year, we adjusted the Middle East policy and supported Arab countries in the Arab-Israeli conflict. 1974 points out that in order to adapt to the multipolar international situation, it is necessary to enrich the content of multilateral diplomacy and expand Japanese diplomacy to the whole world. Its main approach is to put forward the activity policy of "wide, deep and far", emphasizing the need to judge the situation from a long-term perspective and formulate countermeasures.

From 65438 to 0974, Tanaka visited five ASEAN countries and Myanmar, Mexico, Brazil, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries, and actively carried out "Pacific Rim diplomacy"; Foreign Minister Kimura also visited five African countries, including Egypt and Tanzania.

personal work

Tanaka kakuei's major works include My Resume and On the Transformation of Japanese Islands.

Anecdotal allusions

1On September 25th, 972, tanaka kakuei led a delegation to Beijing. Premier Zhou stepped forward to shake hands with Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Daping. The charm of Premier China left a deep impression on Japanese guests. At the banquet, tanaka kakuei said in his speech: "Unfortunately, Japan-China relations have gone through an unfortunate process in the past few decades. In the meantime, China has caused great trouble to the people of China, and I once again express my deep introspection. " During the talks between the heads of government of the two countries, Premier Zhou solemnly pointed out that the war of aggression launched by Japanese militarism brought profound disasters to the people of China, and the Japanese people also suffered greatly. All you have to do is say "trouble"? It is unacceptable for the people of China to use the word "trouble" as an apology for the past. Tanaka quickly explained that from the Japanese point of view, "adding trouble" really means apologizing. After the last few talks and consultations between the two sides, it was finally stated in the joint statement: "The Japanese side is deeply saddened by the great damage caused by the past wars and expresses its deep introspection."

On the evening of September 29th, 1972, Mao Zedong took a set of Song of the South from the bookshelf and presented it to Tanaka. Before leaving, Premier Zhou specially instructed the Protocol Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to give Tanaka two boxes of 48 bottles of Moutai. After the story of the two heads of state drinking Maotai liquor spread in Japan, the price of Maotai liquor in the Japanese market suddenly rose three or four times. It is said that the last bottle of Moutai given by Premier Zhou to Prime Minister Tanaka is still at Tanaka's home. Makiko Tanaka once said: This bottle of wine will be preserved forever as the most precious gift of the Tanaka family.

When talking about the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, tanaka kakuei often said lightly: "(Normalization of Sino-Japanese relations) is the wish of the two peoples. At that time, people in China often talked about the wishes of the people and the general trend. As for me, I just make a decision at this time and then implement it. " After tanaka kakuei's successful visit to China, he immediately went to the Palace to see Emperor Hirohito, and then went to attend the National Assembly of the Senate and the House of Representatives. He was attacked for four and a half hours at that meeting. Many lawmakers, including the Liberal Democratic Party, called him a "national thief".

When Tanaka was two years old, he got diphtheria and had a high fever, leaving behind the sequela of stuttering. His mother encouraged him to overcome his stuttering. Tanaka kakuei, who stutters, certainly has a congenital physical defect. But he found that he never stuttered, and then analyzed that he didn't stutter on some occasions, just like his sister and others. In other words, environmental variation induced his stuttering. So Tanaka decided to find a breakthrough to correct his stuttering, and he finally found an opportunity, that is acting.

Tanaka kakuei analyzed why the first stage of overcoming stuttering was built on the stage. Performing on the stage, although it is easy to make people nervous in front of the audience, is also very beneficial. As soon as the play was over, the audience gave thunderous applause. In this way, tanaka kakuei consciously seized every opportunity to exercise, and his eloquence advanced by leaps and bounds.

Unlike those bureaucratic politicians who like to pretend, Tanaka is an informal person. When he was the postal minister, he sang a song "Spray Song" for the people through radio, which earned him the nickname of Minister of Spray Song. In addition, when he attended the International Monetary Fund meeting in Washington as a Tibetan, he dared to speak in very unskilled English. At the get-together of the conference, he sang a song of the king in front of the representatives of various countries.

Personal life

family status

Tanaka's father raised 45,000 yen to start a big farm and introduced three Dutch breeders. These cows can't stand the pain of long-distance transportation. As soon as they got home, they got sick and died one after another. As a result, the Tanaka family lost a lot of money and never recovered. Since then, he mainly relied on Tanaka's mother to manage the July 8th Rebellion (Japan's land area unit, 1 Rebellion =992 square meters) to support his family.

1942, Tanaka married Hanako, the only daughter of a construction capitalist ten years older than him. Tanaka's daughter was born in 1944 and named TanakaMakiko, becoming the first female foreign minister in Japanese history. 20 12, she became the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Noda's Cabinet.

family member

Personality assessment

Tanaka kakuei is a brave, enterprising and aggressive politician. (People's Daily Review)

Tanaka kakuei is a household name in China, because he signed the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement with China shortly after he took office, leading Sino-Japanese relations into a new era. In addition, he is a rare civilian prime minister in Japanese history. (Leadership and Blood Type Review)

As the first Japanese Prime Minister to visit China, tanaka kakuei is a brave, enterprising and aggressive politician, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Sino-Japanese friendly relations, thus being well known to the Japanese people. (Comment on the World Celebrity Quick Search Manual)

Tanaka kakuei is a brave, enterprising and aggressive politician. In diplomacy, tanaka kakuei made a great feat in history-restoring Sino-Japanese friendly relations. Sino-Japanese relations have been in an abnormal state for 30 years after the war. 1972 Tanaka became prime minister and was determined to make a breakthrough in this respect. He pushed through the crowd, broke through many obstacles, and resolutely visited China in September 1972, and issued a joint statement with China, thus realizing the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan. The normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan not only enabled Japan to take the initiative in the diplomatic arena of infighting with the United States for the first time, but also laid the foundation for stability in Asia. (Comments on Japanese Political History)

Personality dispute

Tanaka kakuei served as President of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan and Prime Minister of the Cabinet in 1972. 1974,1/kloc-0 in June, tanaka kakuei resigned as prime minister and president of the liberal democratic party and became the leader of the Tanaka faction of the liberal democratic party.

1In February, 976, the bribery case of Lockheed Company broke out. 1On February 4th, 976, Qiu Biqi, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Transnational Corporations of the Foreign Relations Committee of the United States Senate, exposed the unfair competition fact that Lockheed bribed foreign dignitaries to sell planes abroad in various names.

At that time, Japanese Prime Minister Takeo Miki called an emergency meeting of the Liberal Democratic Party and the Cabinet, announced his support for the judicial department to carry out the investigation, and set up a special investigation committee. At the same time, he ordered the foreign minister to carry out "case handling diplomacy" and asked the United States to provide all materials related to Japan to provide strong evidence for handling cases in China.

1On March 24th, 976, at the strong request of Japan, the United States and Japan signed the Agreement on Judicial Assistance, agreeing to provide Japan with relevant materials on the Lockside case. Including a receipt for 500 million yen to tanaka kakuei. By July, the Japanese procuratorate had arrested several important figures, including the chairman of Marubeni Company, and obtained corresponding evidence, making preparations for the arrest of tanaka kakuei.

1On July 27th, 976, the Tokyo District Prosecutor's Office formally arrested tanaka kakuei, announcing that he was suspected of accepting a bribe of * * * 500 million yen from Lockheed through Marubeni Company during his tenure as Prime Minister from August 1973 to February/974, and decided to arrest him on suspicion of violating foreign exchange laws. Subsequently, after nearly a month's trial, the Tokyo District Prosecutor's Office decided to sue tanaka kakuei for violating the Foreign Exchange Law and accepting bribes by entrustment. /kloc-in August, 2007, tanaka kakuei was released on bail after paying bail of 200 million yen. Tanaka kakuei quit the LDP, but Tanaka faction is still a strong faction within the LDP.

After bail, tanaka kakuei organized a group of lawyers to defend himself from various angles. In addition, shortly thereafter, due to the negligence of the procuratorate, the key witness-tanaka kakuei's driver committed suicide, his secretary retracted his confession, and various political forces intervened, and the trial of the case was full of twists and turns. Tanaka kakuei keeps introducing new witnesses and evidence, and at the same time tries to prove from a legal point of view that the authority of the Prime Minister has no practical influence on the self-dealing of private airlines. At the same time, the procuratorial organs put forward all kinds of counter-evidence to refute tanaka kakuei, and finally, through the ex-wife of tanaka kakuei's secretary to testify in court, tanaka kakuei and his secretary's retraction were exposed. 1983 10 12 10, tanaka kakuei was sentenced to four years' imprisonment and fined 500 million yen by the Tokyo District Court. Tanaka refused to accept the judgment and appealed. In the general election of the House of Representatives in June 65438 +0983+February 65438, Tanaka continued to be elected as a non-partisan candidate.

1987, the Tokyo High Court rejected his appeal and upheld the original judgment. Later, tanaka kakuei filed a second-instance appeal.

1995, after three trials, the Japanese Supreme Court made a final judgment, dismissed tanaka kakuei's appeal of second instance according to law and upheld the original judgment. At this point, tanaka kakuei has been dead for nearly two years.