How to raise discolored peony?

(1) water. Potted plants must be watered in time to maintain the normal water demand of peony because of their small capacity, little soil and limited water holding capacity. Water 1 time immediately after planting, and then water 1 time every 3 ~ 4 days to keep the soil moist.

If the soil is too wet. It is easy to make the branches and leaves white and long, too wet or stagnant for a long time will rot the roots. Especially in summer and autumn, we should control the humidity of the basin soil, do not dry it, and do not water it. Too wet buds flourish in autumn and do not bloom in the following spring.

(2) fertilization. The nutrients in the basin soil are limited, and only timely topdressing can ensure the normal growth and development of peony.

Top dressing can be started in the next spring, and sesame seeds, peanuts and bean cakes can be used after fermentation.

When watering, water 1 ~ 2 times a week during the growing period. Water 1 time per day before and during flowering. After the flowers wither, they should be cultivated for foliar spraying, and no topdressing is needed during winter dormancy.

How to raise color-changing peony?

Color-changing peony flowers should be planted in sunny places in the morning, fertile and loose soil, spacious and ventilated places, and should not be planted in stagnant water, wetlands or rubble. When planting a platform, the size of the platform depends on the number and size of plants, and the height depends on the original terrain and groundwater level.

Generally, the height is 50- 100 cm, and the abutment is made of stones or bricks, and some broken tiles or bricks are laid.

If the soil is sticky, it should be replaced with culture soil.

Culture soil was mixed with 6 parts of land, 3 parts of humus soil and 1 part of rice bran ash. Peony planting is different from other flowers. After peony is planted, it doesn't need irrigation, and it can't be watered with manure. People can bury the soil in winter to keep out the cold, and then open it when it is warm in spring to facilitate growth.

Fertilization experience is: base fertilizer should be sufficient, and compost, cake fertilizer and manure should be applied when planting.

Cover the fat with soil. Top dressing should be controlled, and it can be applied once after flowering in spring, and the fertilizer must be decomposed. Not too thick.

No topdressing in summer.

Winter fertilizer is the most important fertilization, and winter fertilizer should be combined with soil cultivation.

It is not suitable to apply thick fertilizer to new peony, especially to avoid pouring thick fertilizer, otherwise the fleshy roots will rot and die. The source of nutrients is mainly base fertilizer. Although it is in the growing season after flowering, it is still not suitable to apply liquid fertilizer. After planting for one year, solid base fertilizer should also be mainly applied in winter.

Peony (scientific name: peony? Andre. ) is a perennial deciduous shrub of Ranunculaceae and Paeonia.

The stem is 2 meters high; The branches are short and thick.

The leaves are usually bipinnately compound, and occasionally the leaves near the top of the branches are 3 leaflets; The terminal leaflet is broadly ovoid, with green surface, hairless, light green back and sometimes white powder; the lateral leaflet is narrowly ovoid or oblong-ovoid, the petiole is 5- 1 1 cm, and the leaf axis is hairless.

Flowers solitary, bracts 5, oblong; Sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, petals 5 or double, rose, purple, pink to white, usually changing greatly, obovate, with irregular waves at the top; Anthers oblong, 4 mm long.

Disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; Carpels 5, rarer, densely pilose. Kelp is rectangular with dense yellow-brown bristles. Flowering in May; The fruiting period is June.

Flowers are colorful, jade smiles and pearls are fragrant, romantic and elegant, and they are known as "the king of flowers". In terms of cultivation types, it can be divided into hundreds of varieties mainly according to the color of flowers.

"Peony has many varieties and colors, with yellow, green, fleshy red, crimson and silvery red as the top grades, especially yellow and green.

Peony flower is big and fragrant, so it is also called "national color and fragrance". In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi said in a poem: "The peony demon in front of the court is unqualified, and the lotus on the pond is pure and heartless. Only peony is the real national color, and capital moves when flowers bloom. "

In the late Qing Dynasty, peony was once regarded as the national flower of China. 65438+May 0985 Peony was rated as two of the top ten famous flowers in China. It is a rare woody flower unique to China, with thousands of years of natural growth and 1500 years of artificial cultivation history.

It is widely cultivated in China and has been introduced all over the world. Peony flower is known as the king of flowers, with rich culture and paintings.

Botanical history

Peony According to the Shennong Materia Medica, "Peony tastes bitter and cold, and a deer, leeks and a mouse are born in the valley".

Dozens of medical slips were found in the tombs of the early Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed in Wuwei County, Gansu Province, which recorded the role of peony in treating blood stasis.

Peony is native to the mountainous or hilly areas of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins in China. People discovered its medicinal and ornamental value and changed it from wild to domestic.

Since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there have been many peonies in Yongjia bamboo, and the cultivation history has been 1500 years.

In the long-term cultivation process, peony has changed, and many varieties with large flowers and bright colors have appeared, which has attracted more and more attention. Its planting range has been expanded from the provinces in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins to the whole country.

Now it has spread to the northeast and southeast of China, as well as Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Taiwan Province Province and other places.

Peony, as an ornamental plant, began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. According to Wei Xuan's Painting of Liu Bin's Family in the Tang Dynasty, "There were very distinctive peony paintings in Yang Zihua during the Northern Qi Dynasty. People in North China have known peony for a long time.

According to Xie recorded in Taiping Yulan, there are many peonies in the bamboo forests of Yongjia (now Wenzhou) in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The appearance of the name "Peony" marks the beginning of peony cultivation history. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty said: "Peony is named' Mu' (which means it can reproduce asexually), and its name is added as' Dan'."

In the Sui Dynasty, the number and scope of peony planting began to expand gradually. At that time, peony was introduced and cultivated in the royal gardens and the gardens of dignitaries, which initially formed a concentrated viewing scene.

"Sui Su Zhiwen" said: "Peony blooms at five o'clock in Qingming Festival." This shows that peony is a bigger ornamental plant.

According to the records of seamounts in Tang Dynasty.

Emperor Yangdi designated the 200-mile land as the West Garden (around the West Garden in Luoyang today), and the life spent in the world. Yizhou received 20 boxes of peonies, including He Hong, Fei Laihong, Yuan Jiahong, Zuihong, Tianwaihong, Huang, Ruantiaohuang, Yan, Xianchunhong, Ji Fengjiao and so on.

Planting peony in Xiyuan, the capital of Sui Dynasty, is related to collecting a large number of exotic folk flowers and herbs in Yang Di.

During the Tang Dynasty, the society was stable and the economy was prosperous. Tang Dou Chang 'an Peony has developed rapidly on the basis of introducing Luoyang Peony.

At that time, gardeners had planted peonies.

According to Liu Zongyuan's "Dragon City", Song was a single father who was good at planting peony. Peony has become thousands, and people can't know their skills. Li Longji, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, called Mount Li and planted 10,000 peonies of different colors.

"The' artists' at that time were limited by society and forced by life. The' stunts' they mastered were confidential.

Therefore, the single father of Song Dynasty planted peony's "stunt", so that future generations "don't know its skills". However, judging from the "10,000 different color peony samples", the cultivation technology of peony has reached a quite high level.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was very common to plant peony in temples, rich families and folk.

According to Du Yang Miscellanies, "the ministers of the Gaozong Banquet rewarded the double-headed peony". "Youyang Miscellaneous Notes" contains: "Mu Zong planted Chiba peony in front of the Imperial Palace, and the flowers bloomed and smelled fragrant."

"Drama Talk Record" contains: "There are two clusters of flowers in the bathing place of Ji 'en Temple, each with 500 or 600 flowers, which are more fragrant and rarely comparable".

At that time, the reason for stimulating the development of peony planting industry was not only that peony was loved by many people and had certain ornamental value, but also had high economic value.

"Tang Shi Supplement" contains: "Those who compete for profits are worth tens of thousands." Under the large-scale cultivation in the Tang Dynasty, many varieties were cultivated, which improved the petal degree of peony and increased the pattern and color.

From the point of view of cultivation, the experiment of peony fumigation has been tried in the Tang Dynasty. According to the "things Jiyuan" records:

"When Wuhou visited the backyard, all flowers bloomed and the peony came late, so he returned to Luoyang." .

Although this is a legend, it can be analyzed that the reason why "peony is alone late" is that people at that time did not really grasp its growth law, which led to the failure of smoking flowers, so that they could not be put together with other flowers.

Luoyang, as the Tokyo of Tang Dynasty, witnessed the continuous development of peony planting industry from the early Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and its scale was no less than that of Xijing Chang 'an.

According to the Qing Yi in the Song Dynasty, "After the Tang Dynasty, Zhuang Zong built Fang Lin Temple in Luoyang, and more than a thousand peony plants were planted in front of the temple, including Baixiangxian, Yuegong Flower, Xiaohuangjiao, Mrs. Xue, Fennuxiang, Penglai Xianggong, Egg Heart Yellow, Royal Clothes Red, Zi Long Cup and Three Branches".

In the Song Dynasty, the peony cultivation center was moved from Chang 'an to Luoyang, and the cultivation technology was more systematic and perfect, and the research on peony was greatly improved, and a number of theoretical monographs appeared.

Among them, Ouyang Xiu's Luoyang Peony; Zhou's "Luoyang Peony" and "Luoyang Flowers and Trees"; Max Zhang's "Luoyang Flower Spectrum" and so on.

This paper introduces the cultivation and management of peony, including land selection, characteristics of flower devices, watering, bud retention, pest control, frost prevention, grafting propagation, etc., and sums up a set of mature experiences.

Ouyang Xiu's "Tale of Peony in Luoyang" contains: "When planting flowers, you must choose good fields, get rid of old soil, and sum up the last catty of water chestnut with fine soil", "Snake grapes can kill insects, and the method of planting flowers is also".

"Luoyang Hua Mu Ji" says: "The land of peony should not be too deep. Deep, the roots are not good, but the flowers are not prosperous. It is best to have a sore (the junction of roots and stems) flush with the soil. "

It can be seen that the cultivation of peony was very strict at that time, and it was very particular about land selection and planting, which may be one of the reasons why Luoyang peony ranked first in the world.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Luoyang peony was unprecedented in scale.

At that time, Luoyang people not only loved to grow flowers, but also were good at cultivating new varieties. Peony "is not good without grafting" They fixed bud mutation and fine varieties by grafting, which was the most outstanding contribution in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, the cultivation center of peony moved from Luoyang and Kaifeng in the north to Tian Peng (Pengxian, Sichuan), Chengdu and Hangzhou in the south.

In these cultivation areas, first, better varieties are introduced from the north and hybridized with a few local varieties (natural hybridization), and then more and better ecological varieties suitable for the climate conditions in the south are selected through grafting and sowing.

There are more than 70 varieties in Tian Peng Peony Book written by Lu You.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the cultivation scope of China Peony has been extended to Bozhou, Cao Zhou, Beijing, Sien, and Hezhou, Heilongjiang.

The Story of the Song Desert describes the cultivation of peony in the area from Heilongjiang to Liaodong: rich people often open gardens for more than 200 years, and there are as many as 300 to 200 books on peony cultivation, and there are dozens of clusters, all of which are disgraceful places.

According to the "Si 'en County Records", "Si 'en Peony came out of Luoyang, with many houses, several feet high, and the place name was small Luoyang".

This shows that peony reaches Heilongjiang in the north and Guangxi in the south.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many works about peony. Xue Fengxiang wrote "Bozhou Peony Table" and "Eight Books on Peony", and made a scientific summary from eight aspects: peony species, planting, classification, grafting, watering, cultivation, medicine and taboo.

Luoyang County Records compiled during the Qianlong period listed *** 169 ancient and later variants.

Smoked flowers were very popular in Qing dynasty. According to "Seven Chapters Attached to Peony in Cao Zhou", "The grass bridge outside You 'anmen, whose northern soil is near spring, living in flowers and warm in winter. In mid-October, peony entered the palace. "

According to "Five Miscellanies", "When you move into the Imperial Palace, there are always flowers in season, but they are all hidden in the cellar and are forced by fire on all sides. There are peony flowers in the middle of winter, which are worth tens of gold. "

At this time, the flower forcing technology has reached a considerable level, and this technology has been used to this day.

1949 after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the peony planting industry has been restored and developed, especially since the reform and opening up, the number of peony cultivated in various places has been increasing, and the level of cultivation technology has been improved year by year.

Luoyang, Heze and other places have successively established peony research institutions-Peony Research Institute.

On the basis of previous cultivation management, the cultivation technology of peony has been further developed.

At the same time, China has also published a number of monographs with high academic value, such as Peony edited by Liu Shumin, Peony Flower edited by Yu Heng and Luoyang Peony edited by Wei Zepu.

On the basis of previous studies, these works have been further enriched and developed, and some new theoretical explorations have been carried out.

Peony is not only a favorite flower of China people, but also cherished by people all over the world.

Peony is cultivated in more than 20 countries such as Japan, France, Britain, the United States, Italy, Australia, Singapore, North Korea, the Netherlands, Germany and Canada, among which Japan, France, Britain and the United States have the largest number of horticultural varieties and cultivation.

Overseas peony horticultural varieties originated in China.

As early as 724-749 AD, China Peony was introduced to Japan, which was said to be brought by an empty sea monk.

During the period from 1330 to 1850, the French carried out a lot of breeding of China peony and cultivated many horticultural varieties.

1656 The Dutch and the East India Company introduced China Peony to the Netherlands, and 1789 Britain introduced China Peony, thus spreading China Peony to Europe, with more than 100 horticultural varieties.

The United States only introduced China peony varieties and wild species from China at 1820- 1830, and later cultivated a black peony variety.

Yu Heng, a professor at Shandong Agricultural University, wrote in the book Peony Flowers: "Peony is also used for garden planting abroad. The plant height can reach 2 meters and the flower diameter can reach 20-30 cm. Every spring, flowers bloom.

It is huge and fragrant, and it is the highest in the world. Although far from the old country, it also has the style of' examination'. "