On the Problems of "Population Migration to the South in Wei and Jin Dynasties", "Development of Jiangnan Area" and "Emperor Xiaowen's Reform in Northern Wei Dynasty"

Reasons for population migration to the south: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, social unrest in the north and relative stability in the south. In order to avoid the war, the northern population began to migrate to the south; In the late Western Jin Dynasty, the Huns and other ethnic groups took advantage of the civil strife of the Han ruling group to send troops, and the northwest ethnic minorities continued to advance to the Central Plains. After the northern immigrants went south, they mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and some immigrants arrived in Lingnan area. The influence of population migration on the south: a large number of northerners went south, which not only supplemented a large number of labor for the south, but also brought advanced production tools and experience from the Central Plains, making the Jiangnan area with superior natural conditions develop rapidly. The performance of economic development in South China: (1) Wheat and rice are widely used in agriculture in the south of the Yangtze River, and double-cropping rice is planted in the south of Wuling Mountain; (2) Handicraft industry, textile industry and brocade industry have developed rapidly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; The method of pouring steel was invented in smelting and casting; The firing technology of celadon has reached a quite high level. (3) Great urban development, with the population of Jiankang reaching one million. The reform measures of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty: (1) moving the capital to Luoyang; (2) Implement the policy of China. Change Hanfu, learn Chinese dialects, adopt Han surname, and intermarry with Han nationality. Significance of Emperor Xiaowen's reform in the Northern Wei Dynasty: (1) Emperor Xiaowen's measures to promote ethnic integration made ethnic minorities gradually converge with the Han nationality in terms of language, clothing and customs. (2) With the development of Central Plains culture, Hu Shi, Hu Chuang, Hu Xiu and Hu Dance gradually merged into the life of Han people.