The history and culture of Malmo

Malm? is said to have been established by former Denmark on 1275 as an extension pier and ferry 20 kilometers northeast of Archbishop Lund. For centuries, it has been the second largest city in Denmark. The earliest name is Malmhau, which means beach. In the 65438+5th century, Malm? was one of the largest and busiest cities in Denmark, with a population of about 5000. It has become the most important city in Earle. As the market of Hanseatic League in Germany, the most famous is herring fishery. During this period, the city was controlled by King Eric of Pomerania in 1437. Mainly Eric's own Pomeranian army: a team with red Griffin coat of arms, and finally expanded to the whole province of Skone.

1434, a new fortress was built on the beach in the south of the city. This fortress, called Malmo Castle today, lasted until the middle of16th century. Many other fortifications have been built one after another, making Malm? the strongest city in Sweden, but only Malm? is left in these fortifications.

The teachings of the Lutheran Church became popular in16th century, and Malm? was one of the earliest cities in Scandinavia to be completely transformed (1527-29).

/kloc-In the 7th century, Malmo and Skone were occupied by Sweden. This happened after 1658 signed the Treaty of Roskilde. The war did not end there. 1June 677, 14000 Danish troops laid an encirclement in Malmo for a month, but they did not conquer it.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 0/8th century, Malmo had about 2,300 residents. However, due to the war and plague in Charles VII, Sweden, the population dropped to 1.728. Until the modern port was built at the end of18th century, the population did not increase much. After that, the city began to expand to 1800, with 38,054 residents. From 65438 to 0850 to 70' s, the completion of the railway line in southern Sweden made Malm? develop greatly and promoted the industry greatly. Industry will be the main industry in Malmo in the next 150 years.

/kloc-in the 1970s, Malmo caught up with Beixueping and became the third largest living city in Sweden. 1900 The population of Malmo reached 60,000, further consolidating this position.

Malmo continued to develop in the first half of the 20th century. The population rapidly reached 654.38+million in 65,438+0965,438+05 and 200,000 in 65,438+0952. Kokums, Sweden is the largest employer in Malmo and one of the largest shipyards in the world. 197 1 year, the population of Malmo reaches 265,000, which has not exceeded this figure for more than 30 years. After that, Sweden experienced a period of industrial and commercial recession, and its industry encountered serious difficulties. The shipbuilding industry and handicraft industry have been hit hard, which makes the unemployment rate in many cities in Skone reach a high level. In the mid-1980s, the closure of the Kockums Shipyard made the city lose one of its biggest employers, and the former site of the Shipyard was used by Malmo University. In addition, many middle-class families moved to independent villas in surrounding areas, such as Vellinge District and Lomma District, which gradually became upper-middle class communities. Faced with this situation, at the end of 1990, Malmo adopted a plan to redevelop attractive seaside houses. In 200 1 year, an urban architecture exposition (Bo0 1) was held in the abandoned southwest port. New apartments and villas have been built and become new urban communities. The seaside scenery is very charming, and the target customers are the urban middle class.

1985 Malmo reduced the number of residents by 35,000, and the total number dropped to 229,000. However, the difficulties have just surfaced. During the period of 1990-95, Malmo reduced 27,000 jobs, which made the economic situation seriously tense.

Thanks to several projects funded by the government, Malmo began to show its modern appearance from 1995. Malm? is the city with the highest proportion of non-Scandinavians among all Swedish cities. This makes the urban society seriously divided and the unemployment rate remains high.

The oldest part of Malmo was built between 1300 and 1600, when it was first expanded. So far, the layout of the streets and some old houses in the city center has been preserved.

After several actual economic recessions, the next development period was in the middle of19th century, which made Malmo a modern city of stones and bricks. Malm? is one of the Swedish cities influenced by pragmatic modern architectural style in the1930s. Around 1965, the government launched a million-dollar project to provide comfortable apartments in the suburbs of major Swedish cities. However, during this period, many places in the city center were rebuilt or demolished.

In recent years, you can see more bold buildings. The port in the west used to be the main place of heavy industry, but it was rebuilt in 200 1 year, becoming the tallest residential area in Malmo, including Bo0 1 area, and the tallest unique building complex. The rotating trunk of the nearby HSB is a special spiral skyscraper with a height of 190 meters (623 feet). The regional train connects Malmo, Copenhagen and Copenhagen subway every 20 minutes through the bridge (completed on June 65438+1October 65438+September 2002). At the same time, some X2000 trains and intercity trains cross the bridge to Stockholm, Gothenburg and Kama. All the trains stop at Copenhagen airport. In March 2005, the construction of a new railway named Malmo City Tunnel began. The tunnel extends from the underground of Malm? Central Railway Station to Hyllie Ranch and connects to Earle Bridge, effectively turning Malm? from the terminal into a transit station.

In addition to Copenhagen Airport, which is provided with convenient transportation by Earl Bridge, Malmo also has its own small airport-Malmo Stulop Airport. Today, it mainly serves low-cost airlines, charter flights and domestic routes in Sweden.

The expressway system is integrated with the Earle Bridge, and the European E6 expressway crosses the bridge from Malmo-helsingborg along the west coast of Sweden to the Norwegian city of Chiles Nasko in Barents Sea. The European route (European E4 Highway) starts from helsingborg. 197 1 year later, there were 265,000 residents in Malmo, and the population dropped to 229,000 in 1985. After that, the population began to increase again, reaching 26548 1 according to the statistics of June 2003. It is estimated that by 20 10, the population will reach 28 1000. Until 2006, 70,590 of them, accounting for about 26% of the urban population, were born abroad. The top five countries of origin of immigrants are:

1. Yugoslavia (8962)

2. Iraq (6373)

3. Denmark (6497)

4. Poland (5654)

5. Bosnia and Herzegovina (5502)

In 2005, Malm? was the third largest immigrant city in Sweden. Traditionally, Malmo's economy is based on shipbuilding and construction-related industries, such as concrete factories. The leading universities in the region, as well as related high-tech and pharmaceutical industries, are located in Lund, northeast 16 km. Therefore, after the mid-1970s, Malmo's economy encountered a severe situation. Between 1990 and 1995, 27,000 people were unemployed and the fiscal deficit reached several billion Swedish kronor. From 65438 to 0995, Malmo reached the highest unemployment rate. However, in the past few years, the economy has begun to recover. The contributing factors are the economic imbalance brought by the Earl Bridge, the influence of the city university built in 1998 and the establishment of the European Union.

The unemployment rate in Malmo is still high, especially in the multi-ethnic areas in the east and south. In 2004, the working class was 63%, while Stockholm was 74% and Gothenburg was 765,438+0%.

Malmo (a city in Sweden)

In 2005, the top five companies were:

1, Skanska)-Construction company-Construction company: 3,025 employees.

2.ISSFacilityServiceAB-medical services, cleaning, etc. : 1, 725 employees.

3. West Kraft-Electronics: 1 0,025 employees.

4. Sydsvenskan-newspaper employee 1, 025

5. P Gen-Pastry industry: 975 employees Malmo University was founded in 1998, ranking eighth among Swedish universities, with 1, 300 faculty members and 2 1 000 students. In addition, some departments of Lund University, a famous Swedish university, are located in Malm?.

Malmo College of Art

Malmo Conservatory of Music

Malmo Theatre Academy

College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, located in Malmo and Lund.

The United Nations World Shipping Academy is also located in Malmo. Malmo City Council has 6 1 members, which are elected by voters every four years. Members appoint major institutions of government departments, including 1 1 management committee members and 8 management committee members. These members are led by the mayor.

Since 1995, Mayor Malmo has been a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party.

Malmo autonomous region

Malmo Autonomous Region is a geographically divided administrative unit, including Malmo City and its surrounding areas. In all official introductions, Malmo, like several other Swedish autonomous regions (such as Stockholm and Gothenburg, two other big cities in Sweden), calls itself Malmo or English. However, the word "stad" is no longer used in the Swedish government.