He led the death squad to assault, covered in more than 20 wounds, shocking Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The famous saying has been passed down to this day.

3. In Zhao Chongguo in 6 1 BC, Jincheng County, which had just been established for 20 years, suffered an unprecedented crisis: the Qiang people "betrayed, invaded the fortress, attacked the city and killed the chief executive". The court was at a loss. At the critical moment, a 70-year-old veteran volunteered for the front line. He is Zhao Chongguo, a famous star in the Western Han Dynasty. 1. This time, the death squads raided more than 20 wounds, which touched Emperor Wu, Zhao Chongguo and Weng Sun. Born in 137 BC, died in 52 BC at the age of 86. Longxi (now southwest of Tianshui City, Gansu Province) people, then moved to Jincheng Lingju (now right bank of Ji Lang River in northwest Yongdeng County, Lanzhou City). He "began as a knight, good at riding and shooting feather forests, and a good son from six counties." "You should learn Sun Tzu's Art of War and inform four foreigners." The general evaluation of Zhao Han Guo Chongchuan at the beginning. This evaluation is not generally high. Next, Ban Gu used thousands of words to describe Zhao Chongguo's deeds. The whole Hanshu rarely has such a long story. This shows the social influence of Zhao Chongguo at that time. Portrait of Zhao Chongguo So, when did the Zhao Chongguo family move to Lingju? Lingjusai, the eastern starting point of the Great Wall in Hexi in Han Dynasty, was set in 12 1 year BC. Lingju fortress was first set up in Hexi of Han Dynasty. About six years later, immigrants enriched the defense along the Great Wall. According to research, it was at this time that Zhao Chongguo's family moved to Lingju. In order to defend his hometown, he naturally joined the army and became a knight. At this time, Zhao Chongguo was twenty-three years old. Later, supplemented by riding and shooting, he entered Wei. Zhao Chongguo has a good family background, and the children of good families in six northern counties, their parents and grandparents are well-known people. At that time, children were selected from these families as the guards of Emperor Yulin, so Li Guang began his military career. Zhao Chongguo participated in many wars, and sometimes it was a life-and-death battle for an army. Emperor Wu, as a fake Sima, followed General Li Guangli of the Second Division to attack the Xiongnu in Tianshan Mountain. Who knows, on the way back to victory, surrounded by the main force of Xiongnu. After being besieged for a few days, the food was eaten up, the troops suffered heavy casualties, and the whole army faced life and death. At this point, Zhao Chongguo led the death squads to open the channel for the whole army. More than a hundred warriors attacked the Huns, and they took the lead. Li Guangli led the troops to follow, and finally broke the siege of Xiongnu. In this battle, Zhao Chongguo was injured in more than 20 places. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw it with his own eyes, beat his chest and feet, worshipped him as a lieutenant, and moved his car to ride a general for a long time. Since then, Zhao Chongguo's influence in the imperial court has been increasing day by day. He has participated in many attacks on Xiongnu, Miao and Qiang nationalities, and his reputation is increasing day by day. With General Huo Guang, Xuan Di, the Emperor Gaozu, was established, and the camp was named Pinghou. Xiongnu and Qiang people acted together, but unfortunately the news was ignored. However, Zhao Chongguo's greatest achievement in his life was dealing with the Qiang people. During the Western Han Dynasty, the northwest was invaded by two nomadic tribes, Xiongnu and Qiang. It was the main task at that time to isolate the Xiongnu and Qiang people from the Hexi Corridor. In the fifth year of Emperor Ding Yuan, Xiongnu entered Wuyuan (now Hetao), and Xiqiang also launched an attack to encircle Huguan (now Linxia County, Linxia District, Gansu Province). Both sides agreed to attack and command the station. As a mirror, it says, "One hundred thousand people in Xiqiang rebelled, made friends with Xiongnu, and attacked Anwei Han". Note: Angu and Han counties belong to Longxi county. Han, so easy. Bai Song said: An ancient city, in the south of Lanzhou; Han, now Hezhou Zhisuo. Later, Zhao Chongguo put down the rebellion of Qiang people, and one of the Qiang people who wanted to surrender was Han Qiang, who should be a Qiang people living in Linxia area. Later, their activities gradually moved westward. This time, the counter-insurgency war of the Han army lasted for five or six years before it ended. The Han dynasty gradually occupied the north bank of Huangshui, separating the Qiang people from the south bank of Huangshui. The situation in Hehuang area has been stable for more than forty years. However, things are not that simple. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di, Huns fought in Cheshi to control the western regions. Xiongnu first instigated Qiang rebellion in the southwest of Yangguan and cut off the Silk Road, but it didn't succeed. They also instigated the Qiang people to make an insurrection in Qinghai Lake and Huangshui. Here, the Qiang people responded to the actions of the Huns. They tried to move northward, cut off the traffic in the Hexi Corridor and unite with the Huns. In the third year of Yuankang (63 BC), it first made peace with more than 200 Qiang people, and gradually moved northward, eroding the buffer zone between Han and Qiang. Zhao Chongguo saw the problem at a glance, which was not only the joint action of several Qiang tribes, but also the joint action of Xiongnu and Qiang people. Zhao Chongguo made preventive suggestions to the court, but the court did not adopt them. Seeing is believing, the military commander left an idiom, which later proved to be a joint action of Xiongnu and Qiang people. In the first year of Shenjue (6 1 year BC), the Huns dispatched more than 100,000 riders to prepare for a surprise attack on border counties. Zhao Chongguo was sent by the Han Dynasty, commanding 40,000 cavalry, and stationed in nine neighboring counties to guard against the Huns. Xiongnu Khan returned when he heard the news. Visible, Zhao Chongguo is already a star at this time. At the same time, the court sent Yi Quanguo as an envoy to protect and deal with the Qiang people. Yi Quanguo did not observe the purpose of the Qiang people's northward migration, but agreed to the Qiang people's request to cross the Huangshui River and move northward. Zhao Chongguo raised objections and suggested welcoming 2 million people in Jincheng Valley to deal with the rebellion of Qiang people, but this suggestion was ignored by the court. The Qiang people began to rebel, and the Qiang people "rebelled, committed blockades, besieged cities, and killed dragon officials." In the spring of the first year of Shenjue (6 1 year BC), 3,000 cavalry from Yiqu Anguo were defeated by Qiang people in Marriott (now in the area of Xiangtangxia in Honggu, Lanzhou), and a large number of weapons were lost. Zhao Chongguo returned to the capital like Zhao Chongguo, and Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, sent an ancient counselor, Bingji, to ask him who he could be. Zhao Chongguo volunteered and said confidently that "no one is better than the veteran" in dealing with the Qiang people. When meeting with Emperor Xuandi, he didn't do all the work, but replied, "Seeing is believing. It is difficult for soldiers to cross this line. I would like to go to Jincheng and draw a picture on the map. " This is the origin of the idiom "seeing is believing". Obviously, Zhao Chongguo is a practical and realistic doer. In April of 6 1 BC, Zhao Chongguo arrived in Jincheng County, but he did not act blindly, but made a detailed investigation. The so-called knowing ourselves and knowing ourselves is invincible, which is what I am talking about. Zhao Chongguo set a goal for his actions, that is, "all teachers will ensure victory and safety". It can be seen that this is a very safe strategy to make yourself invincible first. This is also the standard goal for future generations to deal with border issues. Zhao Chongguo's goal is to surrender and divide some Qiang people first, and then concentrate on cracking down on die-hards. He proposed to protect the Han and Qiang people and attack the Qiang people who rebelled first. Of course, the most pressing problem is how to cross the Yellow River. 4. Qingshijin, Zhao Chongguo crossing the Yellow River at night starts from Xigu, along the Yellow River and crosses Hekou South Station. It won't take long to walk, which is the road to Bapanxia on the south bank of the Yellow River. Go along the road, and you will see an ancient ferry site by the roadside. This is the location of Qingshijin in Han Dynasty. There is a camel-shaped stone tablet engraved with "Qingshijin Site of Han Dynasty" beside Qingshijin Road in Gudukou, Yellow River. Standing on the highway on the shore, there is a large white and blue stone at the foot. These big blue stones on the edge of the Yellow River prove wordlessly that this is the ancient crossing of the Yellow River-Qingshijin. Qingshijin seems to be named after the bluestone here. Along a steep and narrow path along the shore, people can walk to the huge blue stone. Under the sunshine, the stone is desolate but not cold, and its hardness is warm, just like the history of this place. The cave on the big stone used to insert stakes is still intact, and ignorant children are playing by the Yellow River. Everything seems to be the same as it was more than 2000 years ago. The north shore of Qingshijin is Bapanshan Mountain, now known as Zhangjiatai; The south bank is Qingshishan, so it is also called Qingshixia, and the ferry is called Qingshijin. It is said that Qingshidu was opened after the war in Hexi, Huo Qubing, and it is a part of the huge Jincheng Ferry. Jinchengdu is the general name of many ferries on the Yellow River in Xigu District today. Together with Ruicheng fenglingdu, Hetao Junzidu and Jingyuan yin mouth, it is called the four ancient crossings of the Yellow River. Jincheng Gudu is not only a ferry with bluestone and gold, but also covers all the ferries from Bapanxia to Zhong Jiahe, forming a huge ferry group. The misty history makes it difficult to distinguish the specific name, so the Yellow River in this area can only be called Jincheng Ferry. In ancient times, the traffic was backward, and tens of thousands of troops gathered here to cross the Yellow River, so they had to cross the river from many ferries. Only in this way can we speed up our March. This is also the main reason for the emergence of ferry groups in Xigu. Cattle herding in the Han Dynasty has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. According to Lanzhou County Records, in the first year of the Western Han Dynasty (6 1 BC), Zhao Chongguo led more than 10,000 cavalry, crossed the Yellow River from here and attacked the Qiang people. The History of the Three Kingdoms records that Jiang Wei, a general of Shu, crusaded against Wei and besieged Didao (now Lintao, Gansu). Wei transferred troops from Hexi to clear the gap and crossed the Yellow River from here. Many civil servants and officers will pass by here, but not many can be remembered. The long river of history is the same as the Yellow River. The waves before push the waves behind. People know that Zhao Chongguo walked this road, while most other people have already disappeared in time. According to historical records, Zhao Chongguo adopted the method of crossing the Yellow River at night. When crossing the Yellow River, Zhao Chongguo took extraordinary measures. Crossing the river halfway is the best way to deal with the enemy crossing the river, and so is the Qiang people. In order to prevent the Qiang people from crossing the river, Zhao Chongguo first divided a small number of elite to cross the river in advance. One night, he sent three school cavalry across the river with medals under the cover of night, and then camped at the ferry to protect the landing site. At dawn the next day, the army officially crossed the river. Write one letter after another to stop the court from being rude. The Qiang people had no choice but to send a few cavalry to challenge harassment and try to consume the Han army through harassment. As a battle-hardened veteran, Zhao Chongguo simply ignored it. Let Qiang soldiers show off outside. Zhao Chongguo said, "My horse is new and tired, so we shouldn't rush. It's all hard to control, I'm afraid it's inducements. Killing Lu is a period of annihilation, and small profits are not enough. " Tell the army not to fight. In this way, Zhao Chongguo and his men made steady progress, and occupied Wang Sixia (Laoya Gorge in Ledu) and Luodu (Ledu). Push the front into the Huangshui River Basin. And established a base camp in Ledu. However, the imperial court changed its strategy in dealing with the Qiang people, and some people advocated attacking heavily. Among them, Xin Wuxian is represented. Emperor gaozu Xuan Di ordered 70,000 cavalry to attack the border at the same time. And take an indiscriminate blow. And this strategy has become the * * * knowledge of the court. Xuan Di sent a letter asking for Zhao Chongguo's opinion, and Zhao Chongguo resolutely opposed it and attacked the enemy indiscriminately, which was a sign of immature strategy; Tactically, to fight the Qiang people in the mountains with the battle of the Han army in the plain is to deal with a man as he deals with you. This battle must be defeated. Who knows, Zhao Chongguo's letter to the court was rejected by the court. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu, directly ordered Zhao Chongguo to be afraid of war and sent his consorts to serve as prison guards. He seems to have lost the trust of the court. However, Zhao Chongguo does not value personal honor or disgrace, but values the life of the country and its foot soldiers. Because once this attack fails, the war will last for more than ten years, and the country is recuperating and unable to bear such a large economic expenditure. Zhao Chongguo, who sent the telegram, wrote to the court again. He said, "My rank is the highest, my rank is Marquis, and my teeth are seventy-six. I care about the imperial edict, fill the ravine, and die immortal. " He emphatically analyzed the situation at that time, emphasizing that the main force of the Qiang rebellion was the first zero Qiang and others, while others were just threats. He put forward his opinion regardless of his own safety, and finally attracted the attention of the court. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu, finally adopted Zhao Chongguo's opinion. Zhao Chongguo performed on the May 28th in June, and Jia Xuan (No.5) in July received a reply from the imperial court with the emperor's seal on it. It can be seen that the speed of information transmission at that time was fast. In feudal society, one of the main criteria to measure the strength of a dynasty is the speed of information transmission and the daily marching speed of infantry. 6. As evidenced by Hanshu, Hehuang, the grandson of VI and still the guardian, got a reply from the court and launched an attack on the Qiang people in an orderly manner according to his own ideas. In July, he launched a surprise attack on the 100 th Qiang. The army pushed the first zero Qiang's lair. Zero Qiang, the first to be attacked, left his baggage and fled in a hurry. Before the Han army attacked, he lost his foothold and hurried across the river. Many people drowned and only 500 people were beheaded. What really hit the 100 th Qiang hard was a lot of losses in the trench. Zhao Chongguo and his men captured100000 head of cattle and sheep and 4,000 vehicles on the battlefield, basically destroying the economic base of a super-large tribe. At the same time, Zhao Chongguo adopted the strategy of attack and disintegration. By autumn, the front will return to before the Qiang rebellion. The problem of Qiang people was solved with only ten thousand troops. Following the bronze ox cart in Han Dynasty, Zhao Chongguo put forward the famous twelve farming methods in ancient and modern times, and at the same time left behind the shining "ploughing fields" in ancient and modern times. Implement the reclamation strategy in Huangzhong, leaving 10 thousand infantry to reclaim land in Huangzhong. At that time, the court looked up and down, and after Zhao Chongguo's performance, almost everyone was amazed. A year later, the reclamation of Hehuang Valley achieved great results. More than 30,000 Qiang people surrendered, and only 4,000 remnants of Qiang rebellion were trapped in Nanshan. Zhao Chongguo's "please call a field battle", the main force withdrew, and a large number of soldiers still stick to the local. 1942, the builder discovered the monument of Zhao Kuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which recorded the life of the grandson of Zhao Chongguo VI in Hehuang area. At this time, the Zhao family is relatively big, and they think they are rich people in Jincheng. He is a local tycoon and has held important positions in counties and counties. Zhao Chongguo VI, Sun Zhaokuan once pretended to be Sima to protect the captain of A Qiang. A generation of famous soldiers not only left the Twelve Strategies for Reclaiming Farmland, which summarized the policy of Reclaiming Farmland in the Western Han Dynasty, but also formulated the implementation program of "protecting the border with ten thousand teachers" for later generations. We should set an example, leave our children and grandchildren, and cultivate fields in Hehuang area. This article is a draft for comments of Linxia Historical Figures Series. Reprinting is strictly prohibited, and offenders will be prosecuted.