Introduction to psychological crisis

Contents 1 Pinyin 2 Common causes of crisis 3 Three stages of normal response to psychological crisis 4 Characteristics of psychological crisis 5 Manifestations of psychological crisis 6 Purpose of psychological crisis intervention 7 Principles of psychological crisis intervention 8 Common psychology Crisis and its intervention 1 Pinyin

Abnormality can also refer to the occurrence of psychological disorders.

When a person has a psychological crisis, the person concerned may notice it in time, or he may not be aware of it. A person who thinks he follows a certain habitual behavior pattern may also have a potential psychological crisis. People with serious addictions often suffer from hidden psychological crises. When it comes to recovering from addiction, psychological dangers are revealed. 2 Common causes of crisis

Common causes include acute disability or acute serious illness; breakdown of romantic relationship; sudden loss of a relative (such as parent, spouse or child) or friend, such as sudden death or breakdown of relationship ; Loss of loved ones; bankruptcy or major property or housing losses; failure of important exams; failure of promotion; serious natural disasters such as fires, floods, earthquakes, etc. 3 Three stages of normal response to psychological crisis

Everyone will react to serious events, but different people have different intensity and duration of reactions to events of the same nature. The general coping process can be divided into three stages: the first stage (immediate reaction), when the person involved shows numbness, denial or disbelief; the second stage (complete reaction), feels excitement, anxiety, pain and anger, and may also feel guilty, Withdrawal or depression; the third stage (elimination stage), accepting the facts and making plans for the future. The crisis process will not last long. For example, the bereavement reaction caused by the sudden death of a relative or friend usually disappears within 6 months, otherwise it should be regarded as pathological.

4 Characteristics of psychological crisis

(1) It is usually self-limiting and usually disappears within 1 to 6 weeks.

(2) During a crisis period, individuals will signal that they need help and are more willing to accept external help or intervention.

(3) The prognosis depends on the individual's quality, adaptability and initiative, as well as the help or intervention of others. 5 Manifestations of Psychological Crisis

There are many manifestations of psychological crisis. The following examples are given to illustrate.

(1) The spirit is enslaved by matter

No matter whether the material life is tired or rich, as long as it can make the person feel psychologically empty and the spirit is tortured, this is the spirit being enslaved by matter. . The poor people who do not have enough food to eat at home will naturally not be happy. When they look at or even just imagine the wealthy people and "rich people" eating and drinking at a sumptuous table, they naturally feel very uncomfortable, and some may even do some desperate behavior because of this. On the contrary, people who are rich in life but poor in spiritual life and have low morals are also very empty in their hearts and may also have psychological crises.

(2) Love animals more than anything else: Raising animals is mostly out of love, but it may also be due to spiritual emptiness. For such animal lovers, animals are the centerpiece of their lives and all activities revolve around animals, spending a lot of time and money on this. The current pet craze in our country is mostly driven by the mentality of showing off.

(3) Mental problems caused by going abroad: People who go abroad for short periods of time such as business, tourism, and family visits are less likely to suffer from psychological crises. People who stay abroad for long periods of time, such as studying abroad or immigrating, are more likely to suffer from psychological problems. Differences in cultural backgrounds and social psychological conflicts between countries mostly occur among a small number of groups, such as tourists and immigrants. However, tourists often go back to enjoy the fun, while those who visit relatives will not be affected by language barriers because they have relatives to support them. To create a sense of loneliness, people traveling on business often travel in groups and bring their own translators. The psychological state of those who have lived abroad for a long time mostly goes through three stages: the first is the excitement period, when they feel that their long-cherished wish has finally been realized; the second is the disappointment period, which is usually caused by language communication barriers, lifestyles, values, and differences in food, clothing, housing, and transportation. ; The third is the period of homesickness, often because the skills in the past cannot be used, the effort cannot be exerted, and one feels that talents are not being appreciated. These three periods generally take three years. By the fourth year, adaptability improves, and most people can get out of the psychological crisis period and live and work in peace and contentment.

(4) Drug dependence: It is natural to take medicine when you are sick, but now many people take medicine even if they are not sick. They listen to the advertisements and take supplements indiscriminately. If they feel unhappy, they take antidepressants and cannot sleep. Just take sleeping pills, take drugs, drink alcohol... The characteristics of drug dependants are superstitious about drugs. The basis is the same as eating when they are hungry. When they are sick or feel sick, they always have something to put in their mouths. Drug dependence is the result of drug abuse and is therefore a manifestation of a psychological crisis, although not many people realize this. From a psychiatric perspective, smoking and alcoholism are both manifestations of psychological problems, and psychoanalytic theory has provided incisive arguments for this. 6 The purpose of psychological crisis intervention

(1) To prevent excessive behavior, such as self-injury, suicide or aggressive behavior.

(2) Promote communication, encourage the parties involved to fully express their thoughts and emotions, encourage their self-confidence and correct self-evaluation, provide appropriate suggestions, and promote problem solving.

(3) Provide appropriate medical help to deal with fainting, emotional shock or agitation. 7 Principles of Psychological Crisis Intervention

(1) Quickly identify the problem to be intervened, focus on the current problem, and take corresponding measures immediately.

(2) Family members or friends must participate in crisis intervention.

(3) Encourage self-confidence and do not make the parties involved feel dependent.

(4) Treat psychological crises as psychological problems, not as diseases. 8 Common psychological crises and their intervention

(1) Psychological reactions during physical illness:

① The psychological reactions during acute illness are as follows:

First, anxiety , the patient feels nervous, worried, and uneasy. Severe cases may feel that catastrophe is imminent, accompanied by autonomic symptoms, such as dizziness, palpitations, sweating, tremors, nausea, and frequent urination and defecation, etc., and may also show signs of hypersympathetic nervous system, such as elevated blood pressure, accelerated heart rate, and flushed complexion. Or whitening, sweating, cold skin, muscle tension in the face and other parts, etc.

The second is fear. Patients may feel worried and doubtful about their own disease in mild cases, or panic in severe cases.

The third is depression. Psychological stress can lead to low mood, pessimism and despair, no interest in external things, reduced speech, unwillingness to interact with others, no desire to eat, and in severe cases, suicidal ideation or behavior.

②Psychological reactions during chronic diseases:

First, depression. Most people are depressed and frustrated, especially introverted patients are prone to such psychological reactions. It can lead to pessimistic and world-weary thoughts, and even suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

The second is personality changes, such as always blaming others, blaming doctors for not treating carefully, blaming the family for not taking good care of the patient, etc., being deliberately picky and often getting angry over trivial matters. They are quite sensitive to minor physical changes and often make excessive demands for treatment or care, thus causing tension or deterioration in the doctor-patient relationship and interpersonal relationships within the family. The principle of intervention is active supportive psychotherapy combined with drug treatment to minimize the pain. When selecting drugs, the nature of the disease, the problems caused, and the patient's depression and anxiety symptoms should be considered. Taking cancer as an example, pain can be treated with morphine, depression can be treated with antidepressants, and anxiety can be treated with anxiolytics.

(2) Broken love relationship: Falling out of love can cause severe pain and resentment. Some may take suicidal actions, or turn love into hate, adopt aggressive behavior, and attack the love partner or the so-called third party. who. The principle of intervention is to have a full conversation with the person involved, pointing out that love and relationships cannot be forced, nor are they worth sacrificing for love, and there is definitely a chance to find the person you love. Likewise, parties who intend to commit aggressive acts should be prevented from committing aggressive acts. Point out the criminal nature of this behavior and the serious consequences it may bring, so it is necessary to prevent the person from committing suicide as well as from reckless aggression. Generally, it does not last long. Proper help and advice can enable the person involved to successfully get through the crisis period. For a long time after the crisis period, the person involved may feel that he cannot be trusted with women (or men) in the world, resulting in very bad consequences. Faith, but this will not seriously affect their lives and will gradually fade over time.

(3) Marital relationship obstacles: The relationship between husband and wife breaks down, and the outcome is usually divorce. If both parties can accept it, it will not cause a crisis, otherwise it may cause a crisis.

① Temporary disputes between husband and wife, if affected by the emotions at the time and intensifying the conflict, may lead to impulsive behavior and even homicide. The principle of intervention is to temporarily separate and wait for both parties to think calmly and receive appropriate psychological counseling to help solve the problem and prevent similar problems from recurring in the future.

②Long-term disputes between husband and wife, the reasons include mutual distrust, one party having an affair, being abused, property or financial disputes, etc. This can cause both parties (especially the woman) to have headaches, insomnia, loss of appetite and weight, fatigue, upset, depression, etc. In severe cases, suicide attempts or behaviors may occur. The principle of intervention is to try to mediate the conflicts between the two parties, otherwise divorce will be the inevitable outcome. Suicide prevention should be carried out for those who have attempted suicide, and appropriate drugs can be given to improve sleep, anxiety and depression.

(4) Sad reaction to the death of a loved one (bereavement reaction): The closer the relationship with the deceased, the more severe the sad reaction will be. If a loved one dies suddenly or unexpectedly, such as a traffic accident or natural disaster, the grief reaction will be the most severe.

①Acute reaction: falling into extreme pain after hearing the bad news. In severe cases, there may be emotional numbness or fainting, difficulty breathing or a feeling of suffocation, or the person may cry out in pain, or be in an extremely excited state. The principle of intervention is to immediately place the person who has fainted in a supine position. If the blood pressure continues to be low, intravenous fluids should be given. Those who are emotionally numb or severely agitated should be given BZ to put them to sleep. When the bereaved person wakes up, you should express sympathy and create a supportive atmosphere so that the bereaved person can take logical steps to gradually alleviate their grief.

②Grief reaction: Anxiety or depression occurs during the mourning period, or one feels guilty or guilty for not caring enough about the deceased. The image of the deceased often appears in the mind or hallucinations occur, making it difficult to maintain daily activities. Even unable to manage daily life, often accompanied by fatigue, insomnia, decreased appetite and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe depression may result in suicide attempts or behaviors. The principle of intervention is to allow the bereaved to fully express their emotions and provide supportive psychological treatment. Use BZ to improve sleep and reduce anxiety and depression. Persons who attempt suicide should be supervised.

③ Pathological bereavement reaction: such as sadness or depression lasting for more than 6 months, obvious agitation or retarded depression, persistent suicide attempts, hallucinations, delusions, apathy, panic attacks, or activity Too much without sadness, rash or irresponsible behavior, etc. The principle of intervention is appropriate psychotherapy and treatment with antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, etc.

(5) Bankruptcy or major economic losses: It can make the person involved extremely sad and painful, feel hopeless and have thoughts of suicide, and further take suicidal actions. The principle of intervention is to fully communicate with the parties involved. Suicide cannot save the economic losses that have occurred. It is possible to make a comeback through repeated efforts. If the patient cannot give up the suicide attempt through verbal communication, a dedicated person should be assigned to monitor the patient to prevent the patient from taking suicidal actions. After passing through the crisis period, the person concerned may gradually regain confidence and may experience depression, insomnia, loss of appetite or other gastrointestinal symptoms for a long period of time. Supportive psychotherapy and antidepressants may be given.

(6) Failure in important exams: Failure in exams that are of great personal significance can cause painful emotional experiences, usually manifested as withdrawal and reluctance to contact others. In severe cases, suicide may also be taken. The principle of intervention is to take measures to prevent suicide attempts. Most of these situations happen to young people, who are very malleable and can get back on their feet after the crisis.