How poor is Ethiopia, the poorest country? Explain in detail!

Ethiopia is one of the least developed countries in the world. Mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry, the industrial base is weak. During Mengistu's reign, the economy nearly collapsed due to constant civil strife, improper policies and frequent natural disasters. After the EPR Front came to power, it implemented a development strategy centered on economic construction and guided by agriculture and infrastructure construction, and transitioned to a market economy. The economy recovered quickly, with an average annual economic growth of 7% from 1992 to 1997. After the Ethiopian-Eritrea border conflict broke out in 1998, economic development suffered a setback. In 2001, taking the opportunity of the progress in the Ethiopia-Eritrea peace process, the Ethiopian government shifted its focus to economic construction. In 2002, the government implemented the "Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Plan" and successively adopted measures such as revising investment and immigration policies, reducing export taxes and bank interest rates, strengthening capacity building, and promoting vocational and technical training, which were recognized by international financial institutions. However, due to a severe drought in 2002, the economic growth rate slowed down and recovered somewhat the following year. Since 2005, the government has implemented the "agriculture-led industrialization development strategy", increased investment in agriculture, vigorously developed emerging industries, export-based industries, tourism and aviation, and attracted foreign investment to participate in the development of Egypt's energy and mineral resources. The actual economy Growth has maintained a growth rate of more than 9%. Its basic economic characteristics are: 1. Agriculture is the backbone of the national economy. The agricultural labor force accounts for more than 85% of the total employment in the country, the agricultural output value accounts for about 48.1% of the GDP, and the foreign exchange earned from exports accounts for 85% of the country's total exports. Production is dominated by small farmers, and the farming methods are very backward. They basically rely on the weather to harvest seeds. The irrigated area only accounts for 0.77% of the arable land area, and the ability to withstand natural disasters is low. The main agricultural products are teff, corn, wheat, sorghum, barley, millet, oats, etc. The main economic crops include coffee, Chat, flowers, vegetables, oil crops, etc. Ethiopian coffee production ranks seventh in the world and first in Africa, but its coffee processing technology is backward, and its exports are mostly unprocessed and roughly processed coffee. In recent years, Ethiopian flower cultivation and exports have increased significantly, with exports ranking second in Africa. Ethiopian flowers are favored by the international market for their large flowers, long flowering period, and long flower stems. 2. Ethiopia currently has about 44 million live livestock, ranking first in Africa, including cattle, sheep and goats. Animal husbandry accounts for 20.6% of the total agricultural output value. However, Ethiopia's traditional livestock grazing method makes the unit output of this industry very low. Small-scale family grazing is mainly used, and residents are scattered, mainly in low-lying areas in the east and south of Ethiopia. Livestock farming is rain-fed grazing, lacks management, is susceptible to drought and plague, and develops relatively slowly. 3. The industrial foundation is weak, with incomplete categories and unreasonable structure. The industrial output value only accounts for about 12.6% of the GDP, mainly textiles, leather processing, food and beverages, metal processing, furniture manufacturing, tire manufacturing and building materials. A serious problem faced by Ethiopia's manufacturing industry is the lack of raw materials and skilled labor. The parts and raw materials required for industrial production mainly rely on imports, and there is a lack of applicable technology, research and management talents in industrial production. 4. Rich in water resources, with numerous rivers and lakes within the territory, it is known as the “Water Tower of East Africa” and is the main source of the Blue Nile. The Ethiopian government is focusing on building hydropower stations. At present, less than 2% of the country's 45,000 megawatts of hydropower potential has been developed. In addition to providing electricity for the country's economic construction, the hydropower resources the government plans to develop will also be exported to neighboring countries such as Sudan, Kenya, and Djibouti. Fishery resources have not yet been effectively commercially exploited. 5. Mineral resources are relatively abundant, but exploration and mining are lagging behind. The main mineral resources with proven reserves include gold, platinum, niobium and tantalum, nickel, iron, copper, lead and zinc, coal, soda ash, potash, marble and natural gas. wait. 6. The development potential of the tourism industry is huge. There are many historical sites across the country, but the service infrastructure is backward and tourism income is low. There are 25 star hotels across the country with more than 3,000 rooms. In addition to state-owned tourism companies, there are 45 private enterprises and more than 60 travel agencies. In 2005, the national tourism revenue was US$134 million, a year-on-year increase of 17.5%. Accounting for 2% of the GDP, it received 227,000 foreign tourists. The government has taken measures such as expanding the airport and simplifying visa procedures to promote the development of tourism, and plans to make Egypt one of the top 10 tourist countries in Africa by 2020. In 2007, the Ethiopian government attracted a large number of foreign tourists to Ethiopia by organizing millennium celebrations. 7. Transportation and telecommunications railway: Addis-Djibouti Railway, the only railway in the country, has a total length of 850 kilometers, of which 681 kilometers are in Egypt. There are currently 19 locomotives with an annual passenger volume of 700,000-800,000 and a freight volume of 200,000-250,000 tons, accounting for 2.6% and 3.8% of the country's total transportation volume respectively. Due to aging equipment, poor management, and insufficient transportation capacity, it is currently experiencing serious losses. Road: Road transportation accounts for 90% of the country's total transportation volume. The total length of highways is 42,429 kilometers (July 2007), with an average annual growth rate of 8% over the past 10 years; road density increased from 24.1 kilometers per 1,000 square kilometers in 1997 to 91.4 kilometers per 1,000 square kilometers in 2007. There are 140,000 trucks registered nationwide, but only 97,000 are available for use. Currently, the Egyptian government is implementing the highway sector development plan to expand and transform the highway system. Water transportation: The Ethiopian Shipping Company has 10 ships with a total tonnage of 81,900 tons, transporting import and export goods to Ethiopia from 66 ports around the world. The ports of Assab and Massawa in Eritrea were once the main ports.

After the border conflict in Eritrea, incoming and outgoing goods mainly passed through the port of Djibouti. Air transportation: The aviation industry is developing rapidly. Ethiopian Airlines has nearly 50 aircraft, 50 international routes, and more than 30 domestic routes. It has excellent safety factor, management level and economic benefits. There are more than 40 airports in Ethiopia. Addis, Diredawa and Bahir Dar are international airports. Among them, Addis Airport was named "Best Airport in Africa in 2007". Telecommunications: In December 2002, Ethiopian Telecommunications Company formulated a development plan for the next 20 years, planning to invest 3.5 billion birr to provide telecommunications services to 50 cities across the country. In 2006, there were 700,000 fixed-line telephones and 2.2 million mobile phone line users nationwide. At the end of 2006, Ethiopia's national electricity coverage rate was 19%. It is expected that by 2010, Ethiopia's power supply coverage rate will reach 50%. The main economic figures in 2007 are as follows: GDP: 20 billion US dollars GDP growth rate: 11.1% Per capita GDP: 180 US dollars Currency name: Ethiopian birr, 1 birr = 100 points Exchange rate: 1 US dollar ≈ 8.95 birr Average annual inflation rate: 17.2%. Ethiopia’s GDP in fiscal year 2006/07 was US$13.3 billion (calculated at variable prices). The Ethiopian government has long-term implemented a deficit fiscal policy. Its tax revenue accounted for 12.5% ??of its GDP, and government expenditure accounted for 12.5% ??of its GDP. 27.6% of GDP; foreign trade tax is its most important source of revenue, accounting for 1/3 of its total tax revenue; government expenditure is mainly used for current expenditure, accounting for about half of its government expenditure.

The financial status of the Ethiopian government in the 2006/07 fiscal year (unit: billion Ethiopian birr, 1 US dollar = 8.91 BIRR) Revenue and donations 288.89 Revenue 213.06 Taxation 168.62 Non-taxation 44.44 Donation 75.83 Total expenditure 355.67 Recurrent expenditure 171.25 Capital expenditure 183.98 Special projects Expenditure 0.44 Profit and loss including donation -66.79 Profit and loss excluding donation -142.62 Total financing 66.79 Net foreign financing 19.13 Total borrowing 17.74 HIPC exemption 10.57 Amortization payment 9.19 Net domestic financing 62.46 Banking system 42.59 Non-banking system 19.88 Others and omissions - 14.80