Dear friends, I am a junior two student. I will give a lecture about a place in China in my geography class. What do you want to introduce?

Taiwan Province Province is an inalienable part of the sacred territory of China. Historically, Taiwan Province Province was occupied by Spanish, Dutch and Japanese. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Taiwan Province Province returned to Chinese territory. After 1949, due to well-known reasons, Taiwan Province Province was separated from Chinese mainland. In the past 50 years, great changes have taken place in politics, economy, culture and society in Taiwan Province Province.

Geography and history

I. Geography and inhabitants

Taiwan Province Province is the largest island in China, located on the continental shelf along the southeast coast of the motherland, between east longitude 1 19 18' 03 "and north latitude 124 34' 30" and north latitude 20 45' 25 ". Taiwan Province Province is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Ryukyu Islands in the northeast, about 600 kilometers apart; South of bashi channel, about 300 kilometers away from the Philippines; It faces Fujian across the Taiwan Province Strait in the west, with the narrowest point 130 km. Taiwan Province Province is the center of the western Pacific waterway and an important transportation hub for maritime links between China and countries in the Pacific region.

The Taiwan Province Strait extends from northeast to southwest, connecting the East China Sea of China in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is about 200 nautical miles long and 70 to 22 1 nautical mile wide, with an average width of about 108 nautical mile. It is the main artery of maritime traffic in China, and it is also the main artery of international maritime traffic. Ships traveling between the East China Sea and the South China Sea pass through here. Ships from Europe, Africa, South Asia, Oceania and the eastern coast of China also pass through here. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean to the Sea of Japan generally pass through here.

Taiwan Province Province includes Taiwan Province Island and 2/kloc-0 affiliated islands such as Lan Yu Island, Green Island and Diaoyu Island, as well as 64 islands of Penghu Islands, of which Taiwan Province Island covers an area of 35,873 square kilometers. At present, Taiwan Province Province also includes Jinmen and Mazu Islands in Fujian Province controlled by the authorities of Taiwan Province Province, with a total area of 36 1.88 square kilometers.

Taiwan Province Province is mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for more than two thirds of the total area. The mountains in Taiwan Province Province are parallel to the northeast-southwest trend of Taiwan Province Island and vertically located in the central and eastern part of Taiwan Province Island, forming the topographic features of mountainous east, hilly middle and plain west of Taiwan Province Island. There are five mountains, four plains and three great basin on the island of Taiwan Province Province, namely, Central Mountain, Snow Mountain, Yushan Mountain, Alishan Mountain and Taitung Mountain, Yilan Plain, Jianan Plain, Pingtung Plain and Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain, Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin. Taiwan Province Island is located in the Pacific Rim seismic belt and volcanic belt, with unstable crust and frequent earthquakes.

The climate in Taiwan Province Province is warm in winter and hot in summer, with abundant rainfall. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the central part of Taiwan Province Island, with subtropical climate in the north and tropical climate in the south. The annual average temperature (except the mountains) is 22°C, and the annual precipitation is over 2000 mm. Abundant rainfall creates favorable conditions for the development of rivers on the island. There are as many as 608 rivers flowing into the sea alone, with fast-flowing water, numerous waterfalls and extremely rich hydraulic resources. Among them, the rivers with the length exceeding 100km include Zhuoshui River (186.4km), Gaoping River (170.9km) and Danshui River (170.9km).

The agricultural area of Taiwan Province Province accounts for about a quarter of the country's land area, and it is rich in rice, with good quality and high yield in two or three seasons a year. The main cash crops are sucrose and tea. There are more than 90 kinds of vegetables, and the planting area is second only to rice. Taiwan Province Province is called "Fruit Kingdom", and there are many kinds of fruits. The output value of flowers is also considerable.

The forest area in Taiwan Province Province accounts for about 52% of the total area. Taiping Mountain in Taipei, Baxian Mountain in Taichung and Alishan in Chiayi are three famous forest areas, with 326 million cubic meters of timber reserves and nearly 4,000 species of trees, among which Taiwania flousiana, Castanopsis kawakamii, Cinnamomum camphora and Phoebe bournei are world-famous, and the output of camphor and camphor oil accounts for about 70% of the world total.

Taiwan Province Province is surrounded by the sea, with a total coastline of 1600 km. Because it is located at the intersection of cold current and warm current, fishery resources are rich. The eastern coastal waters are deep and the fishing ban period is endless; The western seabed is an extension of the continental shelf, which is relatively flat, rich in benthic fish and shellfish, and developed in offshore fisheries and aquaculture. Offshore fishing is also relatively developed.

Taiwan Province Province is rich in water power, forest and fishery resources, but other natural resources are limited. Self-produced energy is only a small amount of coal and natural gas, and there are few metal minerals such as gold, silver, copper and iron, which are mainly stored in volcanic areas in the northern and central mountainous areas.

According to the relevant departments of Taiwan Province Province, as of August 2002. The population of Taiwan Province Province is more than 22.4 million, and with the population of Jinmen and Mazu, the total is about 22.48 million. The natural population growth rate is about 5‰. The population is mainly concentrated in the western plain, and the population in the east accounts for only 4% of the total population. The average population density is about 620 people per square kilometer, and the population density in Taipei is per square kilometer 1 10,000 people.

Among the residents in Taiwan Province Province, the Han nationality accounts for 98% of the total population; Ethnic minorities account for about 2%, about 430 thousand people. The ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province are divided into 1 1 ethnic groups according to their languages and customs, such as Ami, Atayal, paiwan, Bunun, Beinan, Zou, Yamei, Shao, Gemalan and Yi, and these ethnic groups live in different areas of Taiwan Province Province.

In terms of administrative divisions, Taiwan Province Province has five provincial cities of Keelung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi and Tainan, and six counties of Taipei, Yilan, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien and Penghu. Taiwan Province provincial authorities designated Taibei in 1967 and Kaohsiung in 1979 as "the city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan". In addition, there is a so-called "Fujian Provincial Government" which governs Jinmen and Lianjiang (Mazu) counties.

Second, the historical overview

In ancient times, Taiwan Province Province was connected with the mainland. Later, due to the crustal movement, the connected parts sank into the sea, forming a strait, and Taiwan Province Island appeared.

Most of the early residents of Taiwan Province Province immigrated directly or indirectly from Chinese mainland. 197 1 year and 1974, the earliest human fossils in Taiwan Province province were discovered twice, and they were named "Zuo Zhenren". Archaeologists believe that Zuo Zhenren came to Taiwan Province Province from the mainland 30,000 years ago. Both Liu Qingren and Dongshan Ren, discovered in Fujian archaeology, belong to the late Homo sapiens in the southern Paleolithic region of China, and they are of the same origin and both inherit some characteristics of China Homo erectus. Among the early residents of Taiwan Province Province, a few short black people belong to the nigri Tuo ethnic group, and the Langya ethnic group belongs to the sparrow ethnic group. The early residents of Taiwan Province Province mentioned above are the ancestors of the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province today.

The recorded history of Taiwan Province Province can be traced back to 230 AD. At that time, Sun Quan, the king of the Three Kingdoms, sent 65,438+10,000 officers and men to Yizhou (Taiwan Province Province), and Shen Mou, a native of Wu, left the earliest account of Taiwan Province Province in the world. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties (AD 589-6 18), Taiwan Province Province was called "Liuqiu". The Sui Dynasty worked as a teacher in Taiwan Province Province for three times. According to historical records, in 6 10 A.D. (the sixth year of Sui Daye), Han people began to migrate to Penghu. By the Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960- 1368), there had been a considerable number of Han people in Penghu. After the opening of Penghu, the Han people began to develop in Taiwan Province Province, bringing advanced production technology at that time. /kloc-In the 20th century, the Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and sent troops to defend it. The Yuan Dynasty also sent troops to Taiwan Province Province. The Yuan and Ming governments set up a patrol inspection department in Penghu, which was responsible for patrolling criminals and holding salt classes. The name of Taiwan Province Province began to appear in the late Ming Dynasty. After entering the17th century, the development scale of the Han nationality in Taiwan Province Province is getting bigger and bigger. In the era of war and famine, the Fujian authorities of the Ming government and Zheng Zhilong Group immigrated to Taiwan Province Province in an organized way.

/kloc-in the 6th century, the western colonial forces such as Spain and the Netherlands developed rapidly and began to extend their tentacles to the east. /kloc-At the beginning of 0/7th century, the Manchu in northeast China became increasingly powerful and the Ming government was in a difficult situation. During the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, Dutch colonists invaded Taiwan Province Province. Soon, the Spanish occupied parts of northern and eastern Taiwan Province Province, and were driven away by the Dutch in l642, and Taiwan Province Province became a Dutch colony. Dutch colonialists enforced compulsory rule, took the land for themselves, forced people to pay various taxes, plundered rice and sugar in Taiwan Province Province, and re-exported raw silk, sugar and porcelain purchased from China to other countries through Taiwan Province Province, thus making high profits. The rule of Dutch colonists aroused the resistance of the people in Taiwan Province Province. 1652 In September, the peasant leader Guo Huaiyi led a large-scale armed uprising. Although the armed uprising was suppressed, it shows that Dutch colonial rule has fallen into crisis.

1644, the Qing army entered the customs and established the Qing regime in Beijing. 166 1 In April, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships from Kinmen into Taiwan Province Province in the name of General Nan Mingyi. When Zheng Chenggong marched into Taiwan Province Province, he told the Dutch colonialists that Taiwan Province Province "has always belonged to China", that the residents of Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Island are China people who have occupied and cultivated this land since ancient times, and that the Netherlands "should return it to its original owners" after fierce fighting and siege.1February 662, Zheng Chenggong forced Dutch Governor Bayi to sign and surrender. Zheng Chenggong regained China's territory of Taiwan Province Province from Dutch colonists, and became a great national hero, admired by the broad masses of people.

Zheng Chenggong died only four months after recovering Taiwan Province Province. Zheng regime transplanted the mainland's political, cultural and educational systems to Taiwan Province Province, attached importance to land development and water conservancy, developed foreign trade, and promoted the economic development of Taiwan Province Province. By the end of Zheng regime, the population of Han nationality in Taiwan Province Province had reached 654.38+200,000.

At the end of Zheng regime, the Qing government was in a state of military confrontation. After the Qing government pacified the mainland, it began to plan an attack on Taiwan Province Province, and once adopted the policy of appealing to the court in an attempt to persuade Zheng to pacify the Qing Dynasty. The Zheng regime repeatedly counterattacked the coastal areas of the mainland. By the autumn of 1678, Zheng Jun was defeated and lost all the counties along the southeast coast, and then completely retreated to Taiwan Province Province. At this time, it was a foregone conclusion that the Qing government ruled China, and the Zheng regime gradually evolved into a local separatist regime. 1On July 8th, 683, the Qing government sent Shi Lang, the prefect of Fujian Navy, to lead more than 20,000 sailors and warships from Tongshan to Penghu and Taiwan Province provinces. The Qing army launched an attack on the defenders in Penghu, and Zheng was defeated. Zheng Keshuang, the grandson of Zheng Chenggong, led many people to surrender to the Qing government.

1684, the Qing government set up a patrol road and a Taiwan government, which were subordinate to Fujian province. By181year, the population of Taiwan had reached10.9 million, most of whom were immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. Immigrants reclaimed wasteland in large quantities, which made Taiwan Province Province a new agricultural area, and provided a large number of rice and sucrose, daily consumer goods and building materials imported from the mainland, which made the economy of Taiwan Province Province develop to a considerable extent. During this period, Taiwan Province Province had close contacts with Fujian and Guangdong, and Chinese culture was introduced into Taiwan Province Province more comprehensively.

1840 After Britain launched the Opium War and invaded China, western powers forced China to open its trading ports. During the 65438+60s, fresh water, chicken coops, Anping and puppies opened in Taiwan Province Province, with opium as the main import and tea, sugar and camphor as the main exports.

In the 1970s, after the Meiji Restoration, Japan began to "expand its territory". In the south, Ryukyu and Taiwan Province Province are the expansion targets, claiming that Taiwan Province Province is an "indigenous" residential area, a "ownerless land" and not under China's sovereignty. Qing Government-Restatement: "Taiwan Province Province has been included in China's territory for a long time", "Taiwan Province counties have been born, and there is no society that does not belong to China". 1874 65438+ 10, the Japanese invaded Taiwan Province province. In June 5438+10, China and Japan signed the Beijing Special Article. Although the weak Qing government reached a compromise with Japan, the Beijing Special Feature still showed that China exercised sovereignty over the whole of Taiwan Province Province. Later, Qing officials suggested that Taiwan Province Province be a province.

With the invasion of western powers, China was forced to enter the frontier of China, and the frontier crisis appeared. 1884- 1885 during the sino-French war, the French army attacked Taiwan Province province. Liu Mingchuan led the army and suffered heavy losses. By the signing of the Sino-French New Testament in June 1885, the French army was forced to withdraw from Taiwan Province Province.

After the Sino-French War, in order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government designated Taiwan Province Province as a single province in 1885, and Taiwan Province Province became the 20th province in China. Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan Province Province, actively carried out the new policy of self-improvement, cleaned up land tax, increased fiscal revenue, bought ships, set up telegraph lines, set up the General Administration of Posts and Telecommunications and built railways; Buy warships and add batteries. Set up a machine bureau and make weapons by yourself; Set up coal bureau and install new shearer; Set up companies to promote cities and build streets and roads; Establish western learning and telegraph schools to train architectural talents. Liu Mingchuan concentrated many new undertakings in one province, making Taiwan Province one of the advanced provinces in China at that time.

1894, Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War, and the Qing government was defeated the following year. /kloc-In April of 0/7, he was forced to sign treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated his country and ceded Taiwan Province Province to Japan. After the news came out, the whole country was angry and opposed to cutting the table; Taiwan Province provincial capital "crying loud", gong. Liu Yongfu, the general of the Qing army in charge of military affairs in Taiwan Province Province, led the army and civilians to resist the Japanese occupation. After more than five months of fighting, the Japanese invaders paid a heavy price, but finally failed. Since then, Taiwan Province Province has been a Japanese colony for 50 years.

In Taiwan Province Province, the Japanese implemented an autocratic governor system, established a strict police system, controlled the society of Taiwan Province Province, and used the Baojia system as an auxiliary tool for police politics. 1937 After Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, it launched the "Imperial People's Movement" in Taiwan Province Province, instilling the idea of being loyal to the "Emperor" and loving the "country" (Japan), trying to turn the people of Taiwan Province Province into loyal subjects and good citizens of Japan. Economically, the policy of "agricultural Taiwan Province Province, industrial Japan" is implemented, and Taiwan Province Province provides rice and sucrose to Japan; Later, in order to cooperate with Japan's southward policy, it developed industries related to military supplies in Taiwan Province Province, and regarded Taiwan Province Province as a supply place for the Japanese army. The people of Taiwan Province Province have never succumbed to Japanese colonial rule. In the early days of Japanese occupation, the anti-Japanese armed forces with farmers as the main body fought for 20 years. Later, the Cultural Association, People's Party and Producer Party also organized and led the national resistance movement against Japanese colonial rule.

1937 in July, the Japanese created the "July 7th Incident", and the people of China started the national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, many compatriots in Taiwan Province Province returned to their motherland to participate in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which contributed to the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the recovery of Taiwan Province Province. 194 1 After the Pacific War broke out in February, on February 9, 65438, the Japanese government issued the Proclamation of China's Declaration of War against Japan, clearly telling the Chinese and foreign countries that "all treaties, agreements and contracts involving the relations between China and China will be abolished."

1In August 1945, Japan was defeated in World War II, and 15 announced its unconditional surrender in August. After eight years of heroic War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China finally recovered Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province compatriots celebrated their return to the motherland with great joy. 10 year 10 On October 25th, the surrender ceremony of Taiwan Province province in China Allied War Zone was held in Taibei. On behalf of the China government, the surrendering officials announced that from now on, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands will formally rejoin Chinese territory, and all land, people and political affairs will be under China's sovereignty. So far, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu are under the sovereignty of China.