The reasons for the formation of Nanyang folk songs

The main factors that constitute the geographical environment are mountains, rivers, topography and climate. Mountains often hinder and divide the formation and spread of culture. In many cases, the natural area is consistent with the music (folk songs) area. It can also be said that this natural obstacle affects the boundary of music culture (folk songs). The Qinling Mountains in the west of Nanyang, Funiu Mountain in the north, Tongbai Mountain and Huaihe River in the southeast divide a natural dividing line between the "Central Plains Clan Culture Center" and the "Jianghan Clan Culture Center". There are obvious differences between the natural landscape and the human landscape in the north and south of China. Folk songs in southern Shaanxi, northwestern Henan, southwestern Henan (Nanyang) and northwestern Hubei all have their own unique style characteristics. Rivers have a deeper influence on China culture than the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, so China culture is naturally divided into two systems: north and south. Although Nanyang is located in the Central Plains, the three major river systems of Danjiang, Baihe and Tanghe in the territory flow into Hubei and join the Hanshui River in Xiangfan, belonging to the Yangtze River system. The source of Huaihe River is at the foot of Tongbai Mountain and flows eastward through Xinyang into Anhui. Most importantly, the north-south water system, climate and vegetation are different due to the trend of mountains. Reflected in people's production, life, customs, language, temperament and style characteristics are also different. However, we should also see that water, as a background, has different influences on the formation of culture, which is often not a natural boundary. On the contrary, in the process of the spread of national folk culture, it has become a natural communication channel. The style and characteristics of Danjiang Haozi, a tributary of Hanshui River, have many similarities with Hanshui boatmen, which is an example.

This complex and diverse geographical structure of Nanyang has been like this since ancient times, which has played a decisive role in the ancient culture, social economy, customs and customs of Nanyang, resulting in regional differences. Because Nanyang is located in the north-south transition zone between rice planting area and millet planting area. Therefore, it has two characteristics, north and south, and there are both northern and southern folk songs in the distribution. This is the direct influence of different modes of production formed in a specific geographical environment on the formation and distribution of Nanyang folk songs. Therefore, studying the geographical background of Nanyang folk songs has become the primary topic in this respect.

Folk songs are an integral part of ancient primitive culture and have a very long history. As for the development of ancient culture in China, some scholars pointed out that in the late Neolithic period, China had formed eight clan cultural centers, and Nanyang was at the intersection of the two centers, namely, the Central Plains clan cultural center and Jianghan clan cultural center. Yangshao culture is the center of clan culture in the Central Plains, with a representative cultural heritage of more than 6,000 years ago. This cultural area is one of the oldest and most well-preserved folk song areas in China. The Book of Songs proved that Nanyang belonged to the Jianghan clan cultural area in Nan Zhou in the Book of Songs at that time, including the vast areas of southern and southwestern Henan (now Nanyang area), and its ancient culture was "Qujialing culture". In recent years, many Neolithic sites have been discovered in Xichuan, Nanyang, and their culture obviously includes the cultural characteristics of "Yangshao Longshan" and "Qujialing". It can be seen from a large number of cultural relics unearthed in Suixian County, Hubei Province and Si Xia Temple in Xichuan that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, these two adjacent areas had the same smelting technology. The "Songs of Chu" in literature, "Chun Xue" and "Xialiba people" in music are the glorious representatives of the southern culture of China, and the songs of Chu are the most popular songs in this area, so there is a custom of "Chu people being kind". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Jing, Ying, Fan and Deng (believed in Dengzhou and Nanyang) in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River were the most popular and famous "traditional operas" spreading areas at that time. The emergence and quenching of "traditional Chinese opera" is closely related to folk songs in Nanyang and even the Central Plains.

The pattern of modern Han folk songs in China was formed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Folk songs in Nanyang area are also the result of gradual accumulation, evolution and development over thousands of years. The genre distribution and style characteristics of its color division should be the transitional characteristics of the north and the south. Influenced by the ancient regional traditions of Chu dialect and customs, Tongbai has a certain kinship with folk songs of Dabie Mountain, Xichuan, Xixia and southern Shaanxi, and between western Henan and southwestern Henan, which also shows that the style characteristics of Nanyang area are not single. But is characterized by diversity. Especially in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was also the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country. Among a large number of Han stone reliefs unearthed in Nanyang, various kinds of music, hundreds of plays and dance pictures fully reflect Nanyang music culture, especially colorful dance music and dance music.

For thousands of years, Nanyang folk songs have evolved and developed in this ancient land with folk songs and dances. Folk songs have become companions in people's daily life, elegant and prosperous. Therefore, "every beautiful day, sing separately for Zhao Nv; Sitting on the surface, singing and dancing ","Kasuga Tsukasa grazes, the eastern suburbs welcome the spring, the people in the country lead the orchestras, the officials and the people wear colorful flowers, the children wear fresh clothes and compete to see the local cattle, and the old farmers view all kinds of things as grazing, and the Lantern Festival is happy. " Don't lose the reputation of "the hometown of singing and dancing". All these have laid a far-reaching foundation for the formation and development of Nanyang folk songs.

Due to the influence of topography, the agricultural planting in this area also has the characteristics of north-south direction, mainly wheat, cotton and corn, and Tongbai in the southeast is mostly a rice planting area. The social economy, cultural life, people's psychology, personality, temperament and artistic varieties in this area are directly and strongly influenced by geography and landforms. The first genre of various folk songs is folk songs, Tian Ge and labor songs, followed by lantern songs and minor.