Bai Juyi's Quality Life

Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name was Lotte, was a Buddhist in Xiangshan. His ancestral home is Taiyuan (in present-day Shanxi). In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, and advocated that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things". He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations.

Bai Juyi, together with Li Bai and Du Fu, is called the "three great poets" in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote nearly 3,500 poems in his life, including more than 2,800, more than other poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's poems are widely circulated. His good friend Yuan Zhen once said: "There are no books on the walls of forbidden provinces, temples and post stations, and princes, concubines, cowboys and grooms have all kinds of mouths;" As for the writing of the model (rigid), it is sold in the market or everywhere. "Bai Juyi's poems not only occupy an important position in the history of China literature, but also have a profound influence on the cultures of Japanese, Korean, Singaporean and other East and Southeast Asian countries. Emperor Emei of Japan copied and recited a lot; The Prime Minister of Jilin (Silla) paid a large sum of money to collect white poems, each of which cost 100 gold. Since the advent of poetry, his works have been cherished by foreigners, and Bai Juyi can be regarded as the first person. In today's Bai Juyi cemetery, the Japanese once erected a monument, calling Bai Juyi "a writer admired by Japan" and "a benefactor of Japanese culture".

First appearance: Bai Juyi is a "child prodigy" because he is "young and smart, bold and open-minded". It is said that he knew the words "Zhi" and "Wu" when he spoke. He learned to write poetry at the age of five or six, and he could distinguish rhyme at the age of nine. Of course, Bai Juyi also works hard. He himself once described: "I have classes during the day, read books at night, and occasionally write poems." I don't sleep or rest, so that my mouth is sour and my elbows are sour. " When he was sixteen, his father was an official in Xuzhou for nothing, and asked him to go to Chang 'an, the capital, to see the world and make friends with celebrities.

At that time, there was a famous man in Chang 'an named Gu Kuang. He is a great poet and brilliant in the court. Many people visit him every day. These people are either celebrities or dignitaries, and the pommel horse is constantly in front of their homes. When Bai Juyi heard about Gu Kuang's fame, he took his own poems and went to Gu Kuang's house for advice.

Gu Kuang was unhappy to see Bai Juyi alone, under the age of weak crown. I asked doubtfully, "Where do you live?" He quickly replied: "The deceased student's surname is Bai Ming Juyi, and I took the liberty to visit my husband from my hometown." In this way, I respectfully send you famous cards and poems Gu Kuang looked at the young man, looked at the famous post and saw the word "Juyi". He couldn't help joking: "The rice price in Chang 'an is very expensive recently, but life is not easy!" Bai Juyi was flushed by Gu Kuang, and still bowed his head and stood respectfully for advice. Gu Kuang picked up the scroll and turned it over. His hand suddenly stopped, his eyes were fixed on the scroll, and he gently recited: "Wandering grass crosses the plain and comes and goes with the seasons; Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller again in the spring breeze ... "Gu Kuang read this and his face showed excitement. He immediately stood up, held Bai Juyi's hand tightly and said enthusiastically, "Great! It is not difficult to write such a good poem and live in Chang' an. " Then he said apologetically, "I just played a joke on you." Don't be surprised. "

After this meeting, Gu Kuang appreciated Bai Juyi's poetic talent and praised Bai Juyi's poems. Word of mouth, Bai Juyi's reputation spread throughout Chang 'an. He is like a seedling that has emerged from the ground and started to emerge.

love tragedy

Bai Juyi lived in Fuli (now Fuliji, Su County, Anhui Province) when he was a teenager, and he has been in love with Xiangling, his daughter in the east for a long time. Because the family education is too strict, both sides dare not make the relationship public, so they can only sneak around and let both parents know. Later, when Bai Juyi left Chang 'an according to his father's request, the two sides vowed to love each other forever and live up to their boyhood promises. It's a pity that Bai Juyi often travels in Luoyang, Xiangyang, Fuliang and other places, and can't go back to meet his sweetheart, but his heart has never left the Xiangling girl on Fuliang for a moment.

In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), Bai Juyi was admitted to Jinshi and began his official career. This year, he was 29 years old, and many dignitaries acted as matchmakers for him, but he didn't agree, because he was still thinking about Miss Xiangling and always wanted to go back to Fu one day and leave to meet each other.

This day has finally come. In the winter of the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Bai Juyi returned to R&F. Unfortunately, this time he did not return to R&F to settle down, but moved according to his parents' wishes (to Xiabang, Shaanxi). Bai Juyi is 32 years old and famous in poetry, but he still can't break the shackles of feudal ethics. As in those days, he didn't have the courage to meet Xiang Ling openly. He just quietly said goodbye to Xiangling after moving. Because they are afraid of others knowing, they dare not cry or say, and both sides suffer great pain. Bai Juyi wrote a poem "Dive away", describing the scene at that time: "Don't cry, dive away. Nothing to say, dark acacia. No one knows outside the heart. A lone bird locks a deep cage at night, but a sword breaks a branch. Although the river is turbid, there is a clear day, and Aconitum is black and white. Only seclusion is different from darkness, and there is no later period. " After this separation, Bai Juyi and Miss Xiangling never met again. However, Bai Juyi can't forget his feelings. He mentioned Xiangling many times in his poems: "Seeing gorgeous quality for no reason is cold and unfriendly. When is the longest night? Everyone sleeps alone! " ("Winter to Day and Night with Xiangling") "Tears are cold and cold, and I turn back every time I go to a high place. I don't know in the distance, I am alone on the railing. " Their union is hopeless. Bai Juyi was so depressed that he wrote a poem "Feeling Autumn Farewell": "The melancholy season is late, and the two feelings are thousands of miles apart. From the place you care about, the courtyard trees are in the autumn wind. Yan Ying moved to the flank and sold the cluster to Hui. Li and let go, the prison is 20% empty! " Aren't you sad that the wedding ceremony and the most beautiful years have become empty?

In the second year of Yuanhe (807), Bai Juyi was appointed as the captain of Zhouzhi County. At this time, he is 36 years old and still single. Loneliness and loneliness tormented him, and he had to send affection to flowers and treat them as lovers. His poem "Newly Planted Roses" directly spoke his mind: "A young house without a wife is lonely in spring, and Huaer will make you a wife." Bai Juyi didn't get married until he was 37. After marriage, the relationship with Yang and his wife was not bad, but Bai Juyi still kept thinking about his boyhood girlfriend Xiangling. When Miss Xiangling gave Bai Juyi a pair of shoes, Bai Juyi kept them. Over the years, she took them with her wherever she went, whether she objected or not. In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, so he took his shoes to Jiangzhou. The next spring, he spread his clothes and other things in the yard to bask in the sun. Suddenly he saw those shoes, and vivid memories of his youth came to mind together. He remembered the girl Xiang Ling. At this time, Bai Juyi was 45 years old, but he couldn't help thinking, sighing again and again, and lyrically said, "I was playing in the atrium and suddenly saw my hometown." Who gave it to me yesterday? Juanzi is in the east. Because of thinking, I gave a sentence:' I will always be willing to perform, and I will stop for two lines. "Leave the general office, drifting for three thousand miles, and come here to be my long-term lover. I am disappointed at present, but I haven't seen it again and again. People walk in pairs. How can there be similarities? It's a pity that the embroidered table is inside. After the plum rain, all the dark flowers and plants died. "

Plain mouth and thin waist, storing prostitutes for fun, began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, more common in the Tang Dynasty, especially Bai Juyi. In order to get rid of the troubles of life, Bai Juyi indulged himself with prostitutes' music and poems. He kept courting prostitutes and drinking until his later years. There are more than a dozen prostitutes whose names are known from his poems, among which Xiaoman and Su Fan are the most famous. Tang Meng, "Skill Poetry? "Feeling of Things" records: "Bai Shangshu (Juyi) is a good singer, and a prostitute is small and good at dancing. It tastes like a poem: cherry Su Fan mouth, willow small waist. " In other words, Maggie Su Fan's mouth is small and bright, like a cherry; Xiaoman's waist is weak and slender, like a willow. Modern people describe beauty as cherry mouth, small waist or willow waist, which was learned from Bai Juyi.

In addition, according to Rong Zhai's essay, Bai Juyi has a poem called "There is a moon in the yard": "There is a moon in the yard, and there are flowers in the yard. The water chestnut embraces the spring, and the valley wipes the pipa. Red gauze believes in hand dancing, and purple gauze sings at will. Left care about short tea, right life Xiaoqing moths ... "Bai Juyi made a note and said:" Ling, Gu, Red and Purple are all famous. " Zanghuo is a prostitute. The women in the poem, such as water chestnut, gu 'er, Zi Gan and Hong Gan, are all his concubines or prostitutes. Bai Juyi wrote a letter strongly opposing the emperor's beauty pageant in his early years, and he didn't want Bai Juyi to indulge in debauchery later. Of course, Bai was not the only one who had prostitutes in the Tang Dynasty, which was a very common phenomenon.

Bai Juyi was old and sick, and decided to sell horses and let prostitutes go. He didn't want them to suffer with him. However, his beloved horse turned his back on him and could not bear to leave. Su Fan, Xiao Man and others still have feelings for Bai Juyi and are reluctant to leave. Su Fan said with tears, "I've been here for five years, and I'm not surprised. I have been a vegetarian for ten years, and there is nothing wrong with it. Although this plain face is ugly, it has not been ruined. Luo Li is still strong, without any embarrassment. That is, Luo Zhili can still lead; You can also give the Lord a glass of plainsong. Once you go back, there is no turning back. Therefore, Su will go, and the words will be bitter; Luo will go, and his song will be sad. This man's feelings are also the feelings of horses. Is it true that the Lord is heartless? " Bai Juyi also sighed: "Don't shush, don't cry; Luo returned to the temple and the boudoir. Although I am ill, I am old. Fortunately, I won't die before Ji Xiang. Why abandon my concubine one day? Sue Xi! Sue Xi! Sing a Yang Liuzhi for me. I will think about it, and I will go back to my hometown with you. "

Of course, in the end, Su Fan and Xiaoman left, which is also for their future happiness. Bai Juyi wrote in "Random Thoughts": "In Erliulou, it was with drinkers for many years. After returning to China tomorrow, there should be a spring breeze in the world? " Five years in March, today is the end, the guests are all gone, and there is no one. Illness lived with Lotte, and Su Fan came back for some time in the spring. "