Aliya immigrants in Israel

After Israeli soldiers were captured by Palestinian militants and Hezbollah militants respectively,

Israel launched "Summer Rain" in Gaza and launched a military strike against Hezbollah. According to analysts, the Israeli government seeks to solve the various problems it faces from two aspects.

After the implementation of the "Summer Rain" operation, the Israeli government began to accuse Syria and Iran of being behind the deterioration of the situation between Israel and Palestine. Israel claimed that Syria hosted and funded Hamas and "instigated" Hamas to attack targets. At the same time, it accuses Iran of transferring weapons and funds to Hamas through Hezbollah, creating tension between Israel and Palestine and diverting international attention, so as to alleviate the pressure of the international community to solve its nuclear issue.

In addition, Israel regards Iran's nuclear program as a threat to Israel's national security and has always called on the international community to intervene. Launching large-scale air and sea operations in Lebanon is also an attempt to bring the "Iranian factor" to the surface, so as to speed up the resolution of the Iranian nuclear issue and eliminate the threat it feels.

However, according to analysts, it is difficult for the Israeli government to solve the problems with Hamas, Hezbollah, Syria and Iran once and for all.

"Double Reasons" Boost Hezbollah's Action

The conflict between Hezbollah and Israel has both historical and practical reasons.

South Lebanon borders on North Israel. Since the late 1960s, Palestinian guerrillas have moved to Lebanon and used Lebanon as a base to attack Israel, so that they often carry out military strikes against Lebanon, which leads to the continuous wars in Lebanon. In May 2000, Israeli troops withdrew from the "security zone", ending the 22-year occupation of southern Lebanon. However, the conflict between Hezbollah guerrillas and Israel has never stopped because Israel has not withdrawn its troops from the disputed "Sabaa" farm.

From a realistic point of view, analysts say that Hezbollah's actions have deeper intentions. First of all, Israel is concentrating on the "Summer Rain" military operation in Gaza. At this time, attacking Israeli troops in northern Israel will not only benefit Hamas's military organizations, but also strengthen Hezbollah's influence in this region.

Second, there are media reports that Hizbullah has many contacts with Iran and Syria. At present, Iran is under great pressure because of the nuclear issue, and Syria has been accused by the United States and other western countries many times. Hezbollah's actions at this time and the armed conflict with Israel can help Iraq and Syria to alleviate tremendous pressure.

Hezbollah in Lebanon

Hezbollah in Lebanon is a political and military organization of Lebanese Shiites. It was founded by Mousavi during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in June 1982. The organization has been in a secret state since its establishment. It began to use the name "Hezbollah" in 1984, and was formally established in 1985 by issuing a statement.

Hezbollah in Lebanon is mainly composed of forces split from the "Islamic Amal Movement". It is well-organized and well-equipped, with about 5,000 militiamen, and is very influential among young Muslims. Hezbollah is headquartered in Baalbek, Bekaa Valley, and its highest leading body is an agreement committee composed of 12 people. Its main activity areas are concentrated in Shiite areas such as Bekaa Valley, southern suburbs of Beirut and southern Lebanon. The current secretary is Hassan. Narsrallah Hector.

1990 after the end of the civil war in Lebanon, all factions in Lebanon disarmed themselves according to the government's decision, but Hezbollah did not disarm its armed groups and hand over its weapons on the grounds of attacking Israel.

On the issue of Middle East peace talks, Hezbollah firmly opposes peace talks, believing that the only way to solve the Arab-Israeli problem is to destroy Israel. Therefore, Hizbullah aims to recover the land occupied by Israel through armed struggle, and advocates following the Iranian model and establishing an Islamic Republic in Lebanon.

199 1 After the Arab-Israeli peace talks began, Hezbollah frequently attacked the "security zone" established in southern Lebanon. Therefore, Israel has always regarded Hizbullah as a "terrorist organization", regarded it as a key target of attack and retaliation, and repeatedly attacked its base. 1In February 1992, the general secretary of Hizbullah, Mousavi, was killed in an Israeli air strike. Since then, Hassan. Nasrallah succeeded Mousavi as leader of Hezbollah.

Hizbullah has participated in the Lebanese parliamentary elections since 1992, becoming the largest opposition party in Lebanon.

After Israel withdrew its troops from southern Lebanon in May 2000, the area was actually controlled by Hezbollah. Since Israel has not withdrawn its troops from the disputed Shebaa Farms in the border areas of Lebanon, Syria and Israel, Hezbollah's attacks on targets in Israel have not been interrupted.

The Lebanese War in History

On 12, Hezbollah militants in Lebanon fired artillery shells and rockets at various targets in Israel, and engaged in a fierce exchange of fire with the Israeli army, resulting in the death of seven Israeli soldiers and the kidnapping of two soldiers. Subsequently, the Israeli army launched a fierce military strike against Hezbollah positions in southern Lebanon. The war in Lebanon resumed.

Southern Lebanon borders on northern Israel. Lebanon and Israel have been hostile for a long time. Since the end of 1960s, because Palestinian guerrillas moved to Lebanon and used Lebanon as a base to attack Israel, Israel often carried out military strikes against Lebanon, which led to the continuous wars in Lebanon.

1968 12.28, Beirut airport, the capital of Lebanon, was attacked by helicopter gunships, and more than a dozen Lebanese civilian aircraft were destroyed in retaliation for an Israeli civilian aircraft being attacked by Palestinian militants at Athens airport.

On March 1978 and 15, the Israeli army, navy and air force launched "Operation Litani", which invaded Lebanon for the first time, reaching the capital Beirut and occupying the area south of Litani River. On June 65, 2003, Israeli troops withdrew from Lebanon.

1At the beginning of June, 1982, the Israeli army dispatched ground troops, marines and airborne troops to invade Lebanon on a large scale, occupied southern Lebanon and drove Fatah, the Palestinian national liberation movement led by Arafat, out of Lebanon. 1985 1 month, Israel began to withdraw its troops from Lebanon in stages. However, Israel established a "security zone" in southern Lebanon on the grounds of defending the northern territory, and kept the "South Lebanon Army" it supported in Lebanon.

1In February 1992, helicopter gunships attacked the car of Hizbullah General Secretary Mousavi and his family. Mousavi and his family were killed in the attack. Since then, Hezbollah armed forces have exchanged fire with the Israeli army many times, and the war in Lebanon has been escalating.

1In July, 1993, the Israeli army launched a large-scale bombing of southern Lebanon in order to attack the effective forces of Hezbollah and Palestinian guerrillas. In a week-long fierce exchange of fire between the two sides, 150 people died and more than 500 people were injured. At the end of July, Lebanon and Israel reached an understanding and achieved a ceasefire.

1In April 1996, a large-scale military operation was launched in southern Lebanon in retaliation for Hezbollah's rocket attack on northern Israel. The military conflict between Lebanon and Israel lasted for 16 days, resulting in more than 160 deaths and hundreds of injuries. There are more than 500,000 refugees in Lebanon. On the 26th, Lebanon and Israel reached a ceasefire agreement.

At the beginning of 2000, in retaliation for Hezbollah's armed attacks, fighter planes were repeatedly dispatched to bomb the base of Hezbollah guerrillas in southern Lebanon. In May 2000, Israeli troops withdrew from the "security zone", ending the 22-year occupation of southern Lebanon. However, the conflict between Hezbollah guerrillas and Israel has never stopped because Israel has not withdrawn its troops from the disputed "Sabaa" farm.

Palestine, located on the Mediterranean coast of West Asia, was called Canaan in ancient times, including Israel, Gaza, the West Bank and Jordan. Historically, Jews and Arabs once lived here. Around the 20th century BC, Sumerian Canaanites settled in the coastal and plain areas of Palestine and became the earliest inhabitants of Palestine.

Historical background

At the end of the 3rd century BC/KLOC-0, Hebrew tribes moved to Palestine, and successively established the Kingdom of Hebrew and the Kingdom of Israel. Since then, Palestine has been occupied and ruled by Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians and Romans. In the 7th century AD, Arabs moved in after conquering the Roman Empire and taking over Palestine, and were assimilated by local aborigines, gradually forming modern Palestinian Arabs. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, the Zionist movement rose all over the world, and Jews from all over the world moved into Palestine in large numbers.

During the First World War, Palestine became a "mandated territory" of Britain. Britain divides Palestine into two parts, east and west, with the Jordan River as the boundary. The east is called Outer Jordan (now the Kingdom of Jordan), and the west is still called Palestine (now Israel, the West Bank and Gaza). Since then, Jews from all over the world have begun to migrate to Palestinian areas. During the influx of Jews into Palestine, there were many bloody conflicts between Jews and local Palestinian Arabs. 1947165438+10 In October, the United Nations adopted resolution 18 1 on the partition of Palestine. The resolution stipulates that a Jewish state and an Arab state will be established on the 27,000 square kilometers of Palestinian territory, and Jerusalem will be internationalized. On May 1948, the State of Israel was proclaimed. Because this resolution was strongly opposed by Palestinians and Arabs, the Palestinian state was not born.

After Israel declared its founding, five large-scale wars broke out between Arab and Israel. Israel has occupied a large number of Palestinian territories, including Jerusalem, through war, and millions of Palestinian Arabs have been driven out of their homes and become refugees. For a long time, Israel has implemented the Jewish immigration policy in the occupied Arab territories, built a large number of Jewish immigrant settlements, and tried to establish a big Israeli state by changing the population structure of the occupied territories.

In order to restore national rights and return to their homeland, the Palestinians began an armed struggle. 1964 In May, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was established with the goal of "eliminating Zionism in Palestinian territory". Since then, Palestine has started an armed struggle against Israeli invasion. Years of war have made both sides realize that no one can destroy anyone and that war cannot solve the problem. Under the mediation of the international community, Palestine and Israel began to seek a political solution.

1 991June1,the Madrid middle east peace conference was held, and the difficult peace talks between Arab and Israeli countries began. Among the Arab-Israeli peace talks, the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks are the key to the Middle East peace process. From September 65438 to September 0993, since the signing of the first peace agreement-the Declaration of Principles on Palestinian Self-government, the two sides have also signed a series of agreements, but these agreements have not been fully implemented due to the deliberate delay of successive governments. Although according to the relevant agreement, Palestine began to govern itself in May 1994, there were too many differences in the final stage of the Palestinian negotiations due to thorny issues such as the ownership of Jerusalem, Jewish settlements, the return of Palestinian refugees and the demarcation of the Palestinian-Israeli border. So far, the two sides have not reached a permanent peace agreement.

In September 2000, Israeli hardline leader Sharon forcibly entered the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the Islamic holy place, which triggered a long-lasting bloody conflict between Palestine and Israel. Especially after Sharon's government came to power in March, 200012000, some radical Palestinian organizations created a series of "terrorist activities" against Israelis, which led to Israel's strong retaliation, and both Palestine and Israel fell into a vicious circle of retaliation and counter-retaliation.

The peace process in the Middle East

In order to restore national rights and return to their homeland, the Palestinians began an armed struggle. 1964 In May, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was proclaimed and began an armed struggle against the Israeli invasion. Since then, the PLO has changed the way of struggle for the founding of the country and started the long process of realizing the founding of the country through peaceful negotiations.

1988165438+1October15th, the plo national Committee adopted the declaration of independence at its19th special meeting, announcing the establishment of a Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital. Since then, 130 countries have successively recognized the Palestinian state. Because it has no territory of its own, the Palestinian state is not a real state.

1 991June1,the Madrid middle east peace conference was held, and the difficult peace talks between Arab and Israeli countries began. This is the first time that Arab countries and Israel have sat together to try to solve the conflict that has lasted for more than 40 years. The meeting established the basic framework of the Middle East peace talks, divided into bilateral talks and multilateral talks, and established the basic principle of "land for peace". 1993 September 13, the first peace agreement between Palestine and Israel-the declaration of principles of Palestinian autonomy was signed in Washington. According to the agreement, the Palestinians will first exercise autonomy in the Gaza-Jericho area for a transitional period of five years.

According to the final agreement on the implementation of the Gaza-Jericho Declaration of Principles signed by Palestine and Israel in May 1994, Palestine began to govern itself on May 4th. 1In September 1995, Palestine and Israel signed the Taba Agreement, and Israeli troops withdrew from seven major cities in the West Bank one after another, and the Palestinians ruled themselves. 1On May 4, 1996, Palestine and Israel held the first round of talks on the final stage of Palestinian negotiations.

However, after Netanyahu came to power in June 1996, Israel abandoned the principle of "land for peace" and instead emphasized the principle of "security for peace", which made the Middle East peace process stagnate. Although Palestine and Israel have successively signed the Hebron Agreement and the Wye Agreement, they have not been fully implemented due to the delay of the Israeli government. 1In May 1999, Barak was elected Prime Minister of Israel. In order to implement the Wye Agreement, Palestine and Israel signed the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum, and the two sides agreed to start the final status negotiations on1September 3, 1999, and reach a framework agreement on the status of Jerusalem before February 5, 2000, and a final agreement before September 3. Due to Israel's deliberate delay, the terms of the agreement have not been well implemented. In July 2000, the tripartite summit of Palestine, Israel and the United States was held in Camp David, Maryland, USA. Because of the status of Jerusalem, the demarcation of borders, the future of Jewish settlements, the return of Palestinian refugees and the distribution of water resources, the talks failed to reach an agreement. On September 28th of the same year, Israeli hardline leader Sharon forcibly entered the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the Islamic holy place, which triggered a long-lasting bloody conflict between Palestine and Israel. After Sharon's government came to power in March, 20001,the relationship between Palestine and Israel deteriorated.

References: Baidu