There were 38,000 households in the Southern Song Dynasty in Ninghua County, and only 5,232 households in the Ming Wanli, a decrease of 32,768 households. The reason is ().

Tang Tianbao Yuan (c742)1500p; ; Yuanfeng Nianwen (1078- 1085) in the Northern Song Dynasty has about 10000 households; In the first year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1253), there were 38,000 households with a population of 1 10000. It became the peak of ninghua 12 1 before the middle of Qing dynasty.

Before Baodou in the Southern Song Dynasty, the counties connecting Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi had the highest surnames, total numbers, total days or historical population ratio in the same period. According to the statistics of surnames in Shicheng County, Gannan, which is adjacent to Ninghua, before the Song Dynasty, the surname of immigrants was 122, accounting for 80%. Although Shicheng County is the main way to move south, the immigrants gathered in the same period are still not as good as Ninghua. One of the reasons is that the northern immigrants who moved to Ninghua not only passed through Shicheng, but also Shicheng. The other counties in the three areas are even less comparable, so Ninghua and its stone walls are the early gathering places of Hakka people.

Before the Southern Song Dynasty, the main reasons why Han people who moved south from the Central Plains gathered in Ninghua and its stone walls were as follows: First, the natural environment was unique. Geographically close to Jiangxi, although there is a barrier of Wuyi Mountain, Ninghua and Shicheng are one of the main roads of the two provinces because of their low barriers and convenient access. Shibi area is a relatively open basin with an area of more than 400 square kilometers, rich in forest resources and fertile land. Second, social stability. Before the Southern Song Dynasty, "the defeat of the reform led to the struggle from far to near": Third, it developed earlier. Since the end of Sui Dynasty, it has been "cutting mountains, logging and boating." Ju Qisheng (Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), who communicated with the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in economic and cultural exchanges, has a good reputation and is very attractive to southward immigrants who have long been out of chaos and seek to settle down.

However, after the history entered the Southern Song Dynasty, the superior environment of Ninghua and its stone walls gradually lost: First, after the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, peasant uprisings continued, society was unstable and natural disasters occurred frequently. Qing Kang Xizai said, "If you don't decide to be right, you will lose 6,400 meters at the age of 6,400, only 6,400 tons and 5 liters. ..... If you enter the household, there is no shortage of cultivated land. Cover 525 1 stone and cover 6 barrels, which is amazing. " Running away from home has reduced the annual rice loss by nearly half, indicating that running away from home has also decreased by nearly half; Second, the population is over-saturated. Due to the sharp increase in population and limited arable land, the living space has become smaller; Third, the boudoir in southwest China and Meizhou in eastern Guangdong are vast and sparsely populated, especially in Meizhou after the failure of anti-Yuan.

"Land is market" attracts Hakka people from all over Ninghua.

According to the surname data with clear immigration time, the poem is unified. 147 Among surnames, the situation of Ninghua's emigration is as follows: 8 surnames before Tang Dynasty (including Tang Dynasty), 8 surnames in Five Dynasties: Zu, 23 surnames in Northern Song Dynasty, 4l surnames in Southern Song Dynasty, 30 surnames in Yuan Dynasty, 34 surnames in Ming Dynasty and 3 surnames in Qing Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Wen moved out of 64 households, accounting for 44%, and after the Southern Song Dynasty (including the Southern Song Dynasty), he moved out of 108 households, accounting for 73%. So is the total population.

According to Zhu

According to the records of Kangxi (Ninghua County Records) in the Qing Dynasty, in the twenty-four years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (139 1 year), there were 44,903 people in Ninghua l2588P. In the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573), the population of Ninghua was 5698 and 29 199 respectively, which was 85% lower than that of Baogou in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the population decreased by 73%.

After the Southern Song Dynasty, people L: I am extremely pedantic, and Ninghua is the most prominent among the counties in the base camp. 1: 1 The flow of people in Shicheng County is similar to that in Ninghua. Baoqing period in the Southern Song Dynasty (1225- 12279) was 36,746.1,and it was only in the 24th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty 1678. The population of Hongwu in Ningdu is larger than that in the Southern Song Dynasty. The population of other counties has declined, but it is far less than Ninghua. Therefore, Ninghua and its stone walls have become the center of Hakka population diffusion.

The population flows of Ninghua and Shibi are mainly in southwest Fujian and Meizhou.

According to incomplete statistics, there are Shi, Liu, Sun, Xing, Wu, Zhong, Xia, Wen, Cai, Lang, Zhan, Liao, Li, Yao, Zeng, Zou, Dong, Tan, Ma, Shangguan, Kong, Bao, Hua, Chen, Shen, Zhuo, Hu and Zhao who moved to Changting. With or without Changting, many surnames moved to Liancheng, Shanghang, Yongding and Wuping. Wu said in "The Origin of Hakka in Wuhu and the Stone Wall in Ninghua": "In the genealogy of Wuping surnames I have seen, nine times out of ten, their ancestors moved here through the stone wall in Ninghua." (Proceedings of the Symposium on Stone Walls in Ninghua and Hakka World, China Overseas Chinese Publishing House, l998, p. 304).

The new edition of Yongding County Records (1994 edition) records: 1987, the county has ll2 surname, and it was registered in the eighteenth year of Ming Chenghua (1482). The population of this county is only 1 129. Most residents in counties and cities are descendants of the Central Plains. After moving to Shibi, Ninghua, he settled in Yongding and founded a foundation.

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