An example of war that can reflect that weather is not as good as geography, and geography is not as good as people and ideas.

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The corrupt politics at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty triggered great social unrest, and the history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the south, Si Marui, the evil king of Jinlang, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in 3 17 A.D. and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty, occupying most areas south of Hanshui River and Huaihe River. In the north, there are many disputes between ethnic minority regimes. The pre-Qin Dynasty established by Di Ren destroyed, Dai and other separatist countries, and unified the Yellow River basin. Later in 373 AD, the Eastern Jin captured Liang (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and Yi (now Chengdu, Sichuan), and its influence extended to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. Fu Jian, the former emperor of Qin Dynasty, was full of ambition and wanted to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was partial to the south of the Yangtze River, and unify the north and the south with the trend of "autumn leaves being swept away by the strong wind".

In August 383, Fu Jian led 600,000 infantry, 270,000 cavalry, more than 30,000 guards and 900,000 troops from Chang 'an to the south. At the same time, Fu Jian ordered Zitong prefect Pei Yuanlve to lead 70,000 navy men down the river from Bashu to Jiankang. Nearly a million marches "travel thousands of miles back and forth, moving in opposite directions." East and West Wan Li, land and water go hand in hand. Fu Jian proudly declared, "With my million-strong army, even throwing a whip into the Yangtze River is enough to cut it off. "

The Eastern Jin Dynasty faced a critical moment of life and death under the pressure of a strong enemy, and the hawks headed by Prime Minister Xie An were determined to stand up and resist. On the recommendation of Xie An, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty appointed Xie Shi, Xie An's younger brother, as the conquering viceroy, and Xie Xuan, Xie An's nephew, as the pioneer, led 80,000 "Beifu soldiers" with strong fighting capacity to meet Qin Jun's main force along the west of Huaihe River, and Hu Bin was sent to lead the water army to reinforce Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Also named Hengchong as Jiangzhou Secretariat, he led the 654.38+ Wanjin Army to control the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and prevented the Qin and Bashu armies from going down the river.

In 65438+ 10/8, Fu Jian's brother, Fu Rong, led Qin Jun's vanguard troops to capture Shouyang, and captured Xu Yuanxi, commander-in-chief of 8 Jin Army. At the same time, Qin Jun Mu Rongchui captured Yuncheng (now Yunxian County, Hubei Province). On the way, Hu Bin, who was ordered to lead the water army to rescue Shouyang, learned that Shouyang had been breached by Fu Rong, so he retreated to Shi Xia (now southwest of Fengtai, Anhui) and waited to meet the armies of Xie Shi and Xie Xuan. Fu Rong led an army to attack Shi Xia. Fu Rong led Liang Cheng to attack Luo Jian (east of Huainan, Anhui Province) with fifty thousand troops, blocking the Huaihe River traffic and Hu Bin's retreat. Hu Bin was trapped in Shi Xia, and the food and grass were exhausted, making it difficult to support. He wrote a letter for emergency use, but the money for delivering the letter was caught by Chi, and the letter fell into Fu Rong's hands. Fu Rong immediately reported to Fu Jian that 8 Jin J serenade was short of food and grass, and suggested that he arise quickly to prevent 8 Jin J from escaping. Fu Jian was rewarded and left the army in Xiangcheng, leading 8,000 cavalry to Shouyang.

As soon as Fu Jian arrived in Shouyang, he immediately sent Zhu Xu, the former commander-in-chief of Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to 8 Jin Army Camp to surrender. When Zhu Xu arrived at Jinying, he did not surrender, but provided Qin Jun with information. He said, "Although Qin Jun has a population of one million, it is still marching. If we concentrate our forces, the Jin army will be hard to resist. Things are different now. We should take advantage of Qin Jun's incomplete arrival to launch an attack quickly. As long as we can defeat its vanguard troops and demoralize them, we can break the Qin million-strong army. " At first, Xie Shi thought that Qin Jun was very strong and planned to stick to it until the enemy was tired and then waited for an opportunity to counterattack. Zhu Xu's words made him feel very reasonable, so he changed his operational policy and decided to turn from defense to attack and take the initiative to attack.

165438+ 10 In June, Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi, a valiant general, to attack Luo Jian with 5000 soldiers, which started the battle of Feishui. Qin Cheng led 50,000 troops to line up against the enemy by the river. Liu Laozhi divided his troops and made a detour to Qin Jun to cut off his retreat; Led the troops to storm waterinfo and attack Qin array. Qin Jun panicked, barely resisted for a while, and then collapsed. The commander Liang Cheng and his brother Liang Yun died in battle, and the officers and men rushed to the Huaihe River to save their lives, killing more than 1.5 million people. Luo Jian's victory greatly boosted the morale of 8 jin j.. Xie Shi went hand in hand with land, arrived at the east bank of Feishui (now Nanhe Feihe River in Shouxian County, Anhui Province), camped on the side of Bagong Mountain, and faced Qin Jun in Shouyang across the river. Fu Jian stood on the Shouyang rostrum, and saw at a glance that the Jin army on the other side was well-groomed, and a good soldier would be strong. Even the vegetation on Bagong Mountain looks like people, mistaking it for A Jin soldiers. He was frightened and said to Fu Rong, "This is a powerful enemy! How can you say that they are weak enemies? "

Due to the pressure on the west bank of Feishui, 8 Jin Army could not cross the river, so they had to confront each other across the river. Xie Xuan sent messengers to meet Fu Rong, and he dared him to say, "The general led his troops into Jin, but he crushed the river bank. Is this a decisive battle? If you step back a little and make room for our army to cross the water, how about a showdown between the two sides! " Qin Jun's generals all expressed their opposition, but Fu Jian thought that we could play along and let the troops retreat a little. When the Jin army crosses the river halfway, the cavalry will kill it again, so as to win. Fu Rong also agreed to Fu Jian's plan, so he agreed to Xie Xuan's request and instructed Qin Jun to retreat. However, the morale of Qin Jun soldiers was low, and as a result, they lost control as soon as they retreated, and the battle was in chaos. Xie Xuan led more than 8,000 cavalry to Qin Jun, and Zhu Xu shouted after the battle of Qin Jun: "Qin Jun was defeated! Qin Bing lost! " Chixin believed it, turned and ran away. Seeing that the general trend was not good, Fu Rong rode to stop it in order to stabilize his position. Unexpectedly, the horse was washed down by the mutinous soldiers and killed by the pursuers of 8 Jin Army. The loss of main qi became more and more chaotic and completely collapsed. The rout of the striker caused panic in the follow-up troops, and it also ran away in a chain reaction. As a result, the whole army fled and retreated northward. Qin Jun routed troops didn't dare to stay along the way. He listened with trepidation and thought it was the pursuit of the Jin army. 8 jin j 56-point thrashing, arrived at Cyclobalanopsis near Shouyang. Qin soldiers and horses marched step by step, covering mountains and irrigating rivers. Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow and fled back to Lao Yang alone.

The Jin army recovered Shouyang, and Xie Xuan sent a flying horse to Jiankang to report good news. Xie An is playing chess with the guests at home. After reading the good news from Xie Shi, he put aside the good news with a straight face and played chess as usual. Knowing that it was the battle report coming from the front, the guest couldn't help asking Xie An, "How is the battle?" Xie An said slowly, "The child finally defeated the Qin people." Hearing this, the guest was so happy that he didn't want to play chess again. He wanted to tell others the good news quickly and then left. Xie An sent the guests away and returned to the inner city. His excitement could no longer be contained. When he crossed the threshold, he tripped and broke the clogs' teeth.

At the battle of water, more than 700,000 * * were completely annihilated, scattered in former Qin Jun, and only the 30,000 troops of Xianbei Mu Rongchui Department were still intact. Fu Jian's hope of reunifying the north and the south was completely dashed. Not only that, the temporary unification of the north has also collapsed, and it has once again split into more local ethnic regimes. Mu Rongchui of Xianbei nationality and Yao Chang of Qiang nationality rose again and established new countries respectively. Fu Jian himself was captured and killed by Yao Chang two years later, and the former Qin Dynasty perished. Although the winner of this war, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, failed to restore the sovereignty of China, it effectively curbed the intrusion of northern minorities on the South, creating conditions for the social and economic recovery and development in the south of the Yangtze River. The battle of Feishui has also become a famous example of how to win more with less, which has been recorded in military history and has had a long-term impact on the war view and decisive battle thought of later strategists.

Gaixia station

At that time, the Han soldiers had plenty of hay, and Wang Bing attacked the grain.

Han Xin and Peng Yue both reported, "Please join the army today." Han Xin from qi to, from Shouchun parallel, butcher father, to garrison.

. Fu rebelled against Chu, took Liu from Shu and raised Jiujiang soldiers. With Liu Jia and Peng Yue, they will pay attention to the king.

In five years, the high-impedance and the vassal soldiers attacked the Chu army, and Xiang Yu won the battle. Huaiyin Hou took 300 thousand as his own, and General Kong was on the left.

General Fei is on the right, the emperor is behind, and General Jiang Hou and General Chai are behind the emperor. Xiang Yu can die in hundreds of thousands. Huaiyin's first match is not suitable, but

. General Kong, general Fei, is unfavorable to Chu. Hou Huaiyin took advantage of them and returned with a crushing defeat. Xiang Yu died in the Chu song of the Han army, thinking that

Han did his best in Chu, but Xiang Yu was defeated and left. It was a defeat. Make the rider Guan Ying kill Xiang Yu Dongcheng, behead 80,000, and then make a decision.

Trudy.

In the fifth year of the Han dynasty, cloth sent people into Jiujiang and went to several counties. In six years, Bu and Liu Jia entered Jiujiang, seduced women and rebelled against Chu.

Take Jiujiang soldiers and Han to attack Chu and break it.

When Hanwang was trapped, Zhang summoned Qi and ordered the soldiers to leave.

The above is the description of Gaixia in Historical Records.

When discussing the Battle of Gaixia, we can't help talking about the Battle of Elevation and Xingyang. Sun Tzu said, "the enemy of victory and defeat." So the elevation, Xingyang

The battle of the Great War is the process of creating a "victorious enemy", and the battle of Gaixia is the result. The army from Chu is the most dominant.

Going to the battlefield is a process of slowly lowering morale. The specific process is as follows:

1, the hardships of siege warfare. Sun Tzu repeatedly emphasized the disadvantages of siege warfare in Sun Tzu's Art of War. The height of a city is as high as the depth of a city, and the will of the garrison is certain.

A stable city with sufficient troops and food and grass support has always been a nightmare for attackers. Gao Huan, the great hero of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

, led 100,000 troops to besiege Wang Bi (now Jixian County, Shanxi Province), an important stronghold of the Western Wei Dynasty in the lower reaches of Fenhe River. Western Wei Shoujiang Wei Xiaokuan Shoujiang

City, jade wall city, but thousands of soldiers. Gao Huan's 100,000 troops attacked the city day and night. As a result, the Eastern Wei attacked the Jade Wall.

Over 50 days, more than 70,000 people died, all buried in a big pit, and Gao Huan boss died of depression. During the Chu-Han period

In the struggle, the two strong cities, Elevation and Xingyang, have always been the focus of the struggle between Chu and Han. Liu bang relies on strong cities, which is enough.

Supplies, a steady stream of men, greatly consumed the power of Chu Jun.

2. Frequent military transfers. In the rear battlefield of Xiang Yu, although the fighting is not as fierce as the other two battlefields, but

Quite importantly, Peng Yue attacked the city and plundered the land for many times, cut off the supply line of the Chu army, and forced Xiang Yu to conquer with a great army.

Come on, this makes the Chu army move frequently and shudder. This is the way to disturb Chu in the state of Jin and Wu!

3. There is a serious shortage of logistics materials. This should be familiar to everyone. Peng Yue is the main reason for this situation.

The offensive action in the rear. The theory of high morale mentioned above can be based on people in a certain period of time.

This needs to be suppressed and adjusted, so that people can temporarily fight for it without basic needs. The situation mentioned is related to the present.

Now the situation is completely different. Guan Zhong said: Cang Li knows etiquette, and Qi Jiguang said: It is feasible to ban soldiers after they have eaten enough. in the end

In the absence of logistical supplies, it is inevitable that morale will decrease.

4. Several military failures. Although Xiang Yu claimed to be "more than 70 battles, only one defeat", Chu Jun belonged to Xiang Yu.

There were two disastrous military failures in the later period of Chu-Han hegemony. One is the military failure of Longqie to save Qi, and Xiang Yu's response to this war is

"As soon as I heard that the Dragon's army was broken, I was afraid and forced to talk about Huaiyin Hou." One is that Cao Guai lost it and suffered heavy losses. shape

The situation has become "the Han soldiers have enough to eat and the soldiers have food."

5. War-weariness caused by long-term military operations. Historical records say that "Chu and Han were at loggerheads for a long time, and Ding Zhuang was bitter and weak."

Steering slot. Xiang Yu himself said: "People of several years old in Hungary in the world, with my ears, are willing to fight to the death with Hanwang."

It's just that everyone is suffering from their father and son. "

6, the loss of confidence in the victory of the war. In the Battle of Gaixia, the Han army had an absolute advantage in strength, with 300,000 troops in Han Xin alone.

Xiang Yu and his men numbered less than100000. After the confrontation, Xiang Yu and his men suffered heavy losses.

So, in the battle of Gaixia, Chu Jun's morale has dropped to the extreme, and finally, it was "surrounded"

Under this powerful catalyst, Song's self-preservation consciousness has been viciously attacked, and most of it has collapsed and finally collapsed.

Overlord's army! Therefore, the key point is that the morale of the Chu army has long been lost in previous wars, and the "besieged on all sides" is disintegrating.

The catalyst of its fighting spirit, rather than being besieged on all sides, reduced the morale of the Chu army.

In addition to being "besieged on all sides" in history, there is also a typical example of war.

In A.D. 1232, Mongolian troops besieged Beijing, the capital of the Jin Dynasty, and "built a city outside the trench and besieged the city for 150 miles". Golden ice white

Defending the city, Shi Lu, the right prime minister, wrote "Jiangshuiqu" in order to disintegrate the morale of the besieged Mongols, so that people in the city could sing it in the dead of night.

Unfortunately, Shi Lu did not understand the real reason of "besieged on all sides", because morale was high and the Mongols were bent on capturing the big ones.

In the face of Liang's situation, how much role can a homesick song play? Or hope familiar brothers to provide the battle of body double.

Specific number of people. Thank you very much.

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In a country, if the status of a warrior who bled for the country is not as good as that of a pot-bellied businessman, then it is not surprising that the country has perished! Chomini.

Soldiers, reality, strangeness and potential.