Teaching plan and original text of Chinese "I am in the country" in the first volume of senior two.

"I am for the country" is the second text of Unit 6 of Chinese in senior high school published by People's Education Publishing House, which mainly describes a discussion between Mencius and Liang about "the people are living in poverty". The following is a sample essay on "I'm in the Country" that I sorted out and recommended to you. I hope it helps you.

Senior two Chinese "I am in the country" teaching plan.

Academic goal

1. Explain the key words in the translated text, dredge the meaning of the text, recite the full text, accumulate the basic knowledge of classical Chinese and improve the reading ability of classical Chinese.

2. Sort out the level of dialogue between Mencius and Liang, analyze the debating skills used by Mencius, and feel the ideological charm contained in it.

3. Explore the personality factors behind Mencius' eloquence and the spiritual background in his social ideal, understand his pursuit of "gentleman" personality and enhance his spiritual realm.

4. Cooperate to explore the historical reasons why Mencius and his theory were neglected, broaden reading horizons, cultivate inquiry consciousness and gain wisdom in life.

Teaching emphases and difficulties

Focus: Learn from Mencius' eloquent and eloquent argumentation methods.

Difficulties: the reasoning process of "pot calling the kettle black" metaphor.

Teaching time: two hours.

Say the teaching steps:

first kind

I. Understanding Mencius

Second, check the preview before class during reading.

After reading and understanding for the first time, you can read the pronunciation correctly and explain the words and expressions in the text. Have you encountered any problems with words and phrases in the process of previewing? (Teachers and students * * * together)

1 Find a student to read the difficult word 2. Explain and add words. Translate sentences.

The second reading of this article is the dialogue between Mencius and Liang. Read in another way, work together at the same table and read in different roles. One plays Liang and the other plays Mencius.

Pay attention to ① understand the main content of the article.

② Read the feelings (pay attention to stress, speech speed, tone, intonation, sentence breaking).

Third, get to know and talk about what kind of King Liang Wang Hui is.

Ming: Liang militarism, aloof and eager for quick success. He doesn't care about people's livelihood, but he thinks he is governing the country with his heart and feels good about himself. He is a little conceited, arrogant and confused. The dialogue between him and Mencius is not so much about finding the answer, but rather about venting dissatisfaction and complaints.

4. In the face of such a king, how did Mencius persuade him step by step?

Clear: the first step: tell stories, skillfully set metaphors, play hard to get, and let the other party accept their ideas willingly. The second step: draw a blueprint, contrast and expound, publicize benevolent policies, and paint a picture of the prosperity and stability of the people. The third step: answer, the real scene, hit the key, sharp words and awe-inspiring righteousness make the other party unable to dodge. On this basis, guide the students to analyze the reasoning process of the metaphor of "pot calling the kettle black", and finally criticize Liang's "guilty age".

Fifth, assign homework.

This article is a dialogue between Mencius and Liang, which consists of questions and answers. Design a sentence for Liang in the space below to show Liang's psychological activities in the debate and explain the reasons.

1. If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries. ____________________________________

2. There is no regret in life and death, and the beginning of kingly way is also. ____________________________________

However, if you are not a king, you have nothing. ____________________________________

Second lesson

First of all, students discuss the completion of the homework in the last class in cooperation.

Cleared: 1. You can add "I want to know more". Reason: Through the fable of "pot calling the kettle black", Liang realized that there is no essential difference between fifty steps and a hundred steps, but he may not admit that his "dedication" to governing the country is the same as that of neighboring countries, hoping that the other side will make a concrete explanation.

You can add the word "he ye". Reason: Mencius drew out his thought of "kingly way" with all kinds of attractive results in line with benevolent policies ("keep healthy without regret, die without regret"), but what is kingly way is not very clear and needs the other side to explain it from the front.

3. You can add something like "Teacher Wang is right, but what is the reason for the number of people". Reason: The beauty of Mencius's "King Way", "Heaven Way" and "Benevolent Politics" is infectious and can impress Liang, but it also implies an answer to Liang's initial confusion. However, for a king who feels good about himself and is ignorant, he must give a clear and specific answer to wake him up.

Through these reasonable supplements, we can understand Liang's complex mentality from confusion to feeling, from dissatisfaction and frustration to being moved and having to consider, and we can also feel the strong effect of Mencius' debate.

Second, why can Mencius achieve such a discussion effect?

Cleared: 1. Be good at trying to figure out each other's psychology, grasp the situation, cleverly set traps and lure each other into the trap.

2. Visualize abstract ideas through metaphorical argumentation, and produce magical argumentation effect.

3. Parallelism is often used in language, which is magnificent, sharp and vivid.

4. Have an independent and indomitable "gentleman" spirit.

Do you think Liang will accept Mencius' idea?

Encourage students to express different views. )

Project the relevant information in Historical Records, Biography of Mencius and Xun Qing XIV, and let the students explain Mencius' situation and experience in their own words.

Monk, Zou Renye. A person who thinks by profession. Since the Tao is accessible, you can travel to Qi Xuanwang, but you can't use Wang Xuan. Liang, Liang Yi is not sure what he is talking about, but he thinks it's something far and near. When really, Qin Guoyong, a rich country in Qiang Bing; Chu and Wei used Wuqi to defeat the weak enemy; Wang Xuan used Sun and Tian Ji's disciples, and the governors were in the east. Harmony is the most important thing in the world, and attack is the virtue, while the virtue of Tang Yu's three generations mentioned by Monk is based on his actions. Closed to Zhang Wan's disciples, prefaced with a poem, stated Zhong Ni's meaning, and wrote seven pieces of Mencius.

Fourth, reading comprehension.

Read this part of the article "Don't go against the agricultural season ..... not own it".

5. How does this social graph make you feel? What are its characteristics? What kind of thoughts and feelings did Mencius show?

Cleared: 1. Give people a feeling of abundance, happiness, tranquility and beauty. The rulers serve the people, and the people have plenty of food and clothing, live and work in peace and contentment, and are generally educated, so that they can be secure in their old age and educated in their young age.

2. Yearning for an ideal society. "Take the world as your own responsibility." Sympathize with the people's suffering. The ambition to save the people from fire and water. "Know what you can't do." Perseverance. Firm and persistent. The feeling of bravely taking responsibility and helping the world and the people. Personality and spirit of a gentleman ...

Read the text together and experience the beauty of language, emotion and thought.

The original text of "I am in the country" in Senior Two.

King Hui of Liang said, "I am a country, and I devote myself to it. If Hanoi is fierce, the people will move to Hedong and the millet will move to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? "

Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Drum filling, weapon company, abandoning armor and dragging troops away. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? "

Say, "no! Straight (zhǐ) is not a hundred steps, but also a walk. "

He said, "If Wang knew this, there would be no hope of more people than those in neighboring countries."

"If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If the number (ù) does not enter the pool (wū), the fish and turtles will not be able to eat; Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't be eaten, and wood and wood can't be used, which makes people lose their lives (sāng) and die without regret. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.

"Five acres of house, the tree with mulberries, fifty people can dress (clothes) silks. Chickens, dolphins and dogs () and livestock () can eat meat for 70 people without wasting time. A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I respect the teaching of Preface very much and apply it in the sense of filial piety. White prizes will not be placed on the road. Seventy people eat clothes, silk and meat, and the people are not hungry or cold. However, people who are not wàng are not here.

"Dogs eat people's food without knowing it, but they don't know it when they are coated with O. When people die, they say,' It's not me, it's age.' Why is it different from stabbing and killing people? Say,' If it's not me, it's a soldier? The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "

Translation of "I'm in the Country" in Senior Two.

Liang said, "I am loyal to my country." When there was a famine in the north of the Yellow River, the people there were moved to the east of the Yellow River, and the grain from the east of the Yellow River was transported to the north of the Yellow River. The same is true of the famine years east of the Yellow River. No one cares more about seeing the monarch of a neighboring country preside over political affairs than I do. But there are not many people in neighboring countries, and neither are I. Why? "

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty likes fighting. Allow me to use the metaphor of fighting. When the drums are drummed, the weapon blades have collided, throwing armor and dragging the weapon to escape. Some people stop after running a hundred paces, while others stop after running fifty paces. What do you think? "

Hui Wangdao: "No, it's just that I didn't escape a hundred paces away. This is also an escape! "

Mencius said, "If you understand this, you don't have to expect your country's population to increase compared with its neighbors."

"If you don't go against the farming season, you can't finish eating." . Fish and turtles won't be eaten up unless they fish in the pond (in ancient times, it was stipulated that meshes less than four inches [now more than two inches and seven minutes] were dense nets, and fishing in the pond was forbidden). If the trees are cut down according to the season (when the vegetation withers, when the growing season ends), the wood is inexhaustible. Food, fish and turtles can't be eaten up, and firewood can't be used up. There is nothing wrong with letting the people feed people and bury the dead. People can't live in poverty, and the dead can't be buried. This is the beginning of kingliness.

"By planting mulberry trees next to a five-acre (five-acre: more than 20 cents per acre) residential field, you can wear silk clothes at the age of 50. Livestock raise chickens, pigs, dogs and other poultry and livestock (dolphins: piglets. Don't miss the breeding season, you can eat meat at the age of 70. One hundred acres of arable land, don't delay its production season, so that families of several people won't go hungry. Carefully set up school education, and repeatedly tell the people the truth of filial piety (:school, Shang (Yin) generation called Xu, Zhou Dynasty called Yu), so that white-haired old people don't pick or carry things on the road. Seventy years old, people can still wear clothes and eat meat, and ordinary people can't be hungry or frozen. Never before have they reached such a level, but they can't dominate the world.

"Pigs and dogs eat people's food, but [nobles] don't stop them. Some people (officials) starved to death on the road, but they didn't know how to open the granary to help the people. When people die, they say,' It's not my fault, it's caused by poor years.' What's the difference between this statement and stabbing someone with a knife and saying,' I didn't kill him, it was the murder weapon'? Your Majesty, don't blame Niancheng, then people all over the world (referring to people from other vassal States) will come to submit. "

Appreciation of senior two Chinese "I am in the country".

Segmented solution

The first paragraph: raise the question of "not many people"

The second paragraph to the fourth paragraph: analyze the reasons why "the number of people does not increase much"

The fifth to seventh paragraphs: elaborated the concrete content of Mencius' "benevolent government"-the "fundamental measures" to make people richer.

Brief analysis

Mencius is the most famous Confucian master after Confucius. The core of his theory is to talk about "benevolence" and "benevolent politics", that is, to implement the so-called "king". Its theoretical basis is people-oriented thought, which attaches importance to people's right to exist. Therefore, Mencius hated the feudal princes for being heartless and brutally plundering the people. "I am for the country" satirizes King Hui Liang, who pretends to be a saint, and angrily points out that some feudal princes claim to be "parents for the people", but in fact they "lead animals to eat people", which is the bane of the people.

Mencius is good at using metaphors and fables to explain the truth, and his argumentation skills are very clever, which is clearly reflected in this paper. Use various methods to lure the enemy into submission, use broad and sharp words, sometimes sharp, like to use parallelism to fight, and use a pen to be aggressive.

discuss

There is also a chapter on My Country in Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang, which is one of the articles that show Mencius' thought of "benevolent government". This paper discusses how to implement "benevolent government" and unify the world with "kingly way". "Keeping in good health and losing one's life is the beginning of kingly way" and "seventy people are clothed with meat, and the people are not hungry or cold, but they are not kings, so there is nothing" are the crowning touch of the article, highlighting the main idea of this article: only by implementing benevolent government can we win the hearts of the people; Only by winning the hearts of the people can we win the world. This idea of "protecting the people is king" is actually the embodiment of Mencius' people-oriented thought.

The full text can be divided into three parts.

Part I (para. 106). 1) puts forward the problem of "not many people". During the Warring States period, the rulers of various vassal states attacked each other for cities and land. Fight for the city and kill the city "; Cruel exploitation at home, heavy labor, destruction of productivity. This has caused a shortage of soldiers and labor. Competing for manpower has become a top priority for the rulers of various vassal States. Before Liang raised the question that "there are not many people", he once boasted that "I am a country and I am dedicated to this country". Then, taking disaster relief as an example, he declared that he was better at governing the country than "neighboring politics". If Hanoi is fierce, it will emigrate to Hedong and move millet to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. "Describe the concrete measures of disaster relief from two aspects." Observing the politicians of neighboring countries, they have no intention of being like me ",which further highlights Liang's self-esteem and paves the way for the later" pot calling the kettle black ". There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? Liang hopes that more people will join him. Mencius used Liang's psychology to publicize the idea of "benevolent politics" and wanted to guide him to practice kingly politics.

The second part (paragraphs 2-4) analyzes the reasons for "not many people". Mencius did not directly answer the question of "people are not living well", but used Liang's familiar metaphor to inspire each other and make it easy to accept. "Wang is belligerent, please use the metaphor of war." By the way, I would like to cite two cases in which two deserters "abandoned their armour and left". According to the distance between defeat and escape, the rhetorical question "What if you hold a pot of pot calling the kettle black?" Being put forward further inspires and induces the other party to unconsciously say something that denies his argument: "No, you can't go straight, even if you leave." Finally, the child's spear attacked the child's shield. "If Wang knew this, there would be no hope for more people than neighboring countries." These two sentences hit the nail on the head at once, which not only answered the reason of "people living in poverty", but also revealed the moral of pot calling the kettle black: Liang's "immigrant millet" is not committed to governing the country with the rulers of neighboring countries, but is essentially the same, just different in form and quantity. This implies that Wang Huiliang's small act of kindness will not increase the number of people. To increase the number of people, he must be benevolent and have the demeanor of a king. So the article naturally transitions from the second part to the third part.

The third part (paragraphs 5-7) expounds the concrete content of Mencius' "benevolent government"-the fundamental measures to increase the number of people.

The fifth paragraph expounds the truth of "the beginning of kingly way". Mencius believed that the rational development of production, so that people can "keep fit and die without regret", is the beginning of implementing benevolent policies and the initial measure to increase the number of people. "Don't go against the farming season, the valley can't win food. If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axes and pounds enter the mountains in time, and wood and firewood cannot be used. " Three groups of sentences put forward three measures to develop production and the effects of taking these measures. The sentence pattern of "invincible" ... also "gives people an inexhaustible feeling, which greatly increases the persuasiveness and appeal of the article. Then the first three groups of sentences are summarized as "five grains and fish and turtles can't eat, and wood and wood can't be used", and a new conclusion is put forward on the premise of this conclusion: "Wang also begins." Here, the author closely links three meanings and three aspects, and closely links the problem of "making the people more" with Wang's practice.

The sixth part expounds the reasons for Wang Dao's success. In this passage, Mencius further put forward the benevolent policy of educating the people and making them submit, which is also the fundamental measure of "increasing the people". Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat. A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family can be hungry. " These three sentences also put forward three measures to develop production and the effects of these measures. Compared with the above three measures, these three measures are obviously a step forward and have stronger subjective initiative. Mencius not only advocated nurturing the people, but also advocated teaching them: "I am willing to teach them to make orders, use them in the sense of filial piety, and those who teach them white can't bear to wear them to the Tao." Here, the author uses four groups of sentences to describe his ideas layer by layer, rendering them vividly, showing a bright future for Liang. Then, with the phrase "seventy people eat clothes, silk and meat, and the people are not hungry or cold", it is logical to draw the conclusion that "however, without the king, there is nothing", which echoes the previous "the beginning of the king"

In the seventh paragraph, the author expounds the attitude that should be adopted to make the people more. Mencius criticized the tyranny of the ruler and proved his correctness from the opposite side. The first two paragraphs have thoroughly explained the truth of being king, and this paragraph takes care of the beginning of the article. Liang keeps saying that he is "patriotic", but how can he be "patriotic" when "dogs eat people's food without knowing it, and dogs are clothed with hunger without knowing it"? The sharp contrast between "dogs eat people" and "wearing a coat of hunger" profoundly revealed the social inequality at that time. Then, in view of the prevarication that the ruler blames the year, the author refutes it with a metaphor: it is as absurd to blame the poor year for "painting with hunger" as it is to blame the weapon for "stabbing people to death", and it is not the famine year that harms the people, but the tyranny of the ruler. The last two sentences, "the king is innocent, and everyone in the world is heavy", are concise. Instead of complaining about others, it is better to reflect on ourselves, get rid of abusive politics, be benevolent, be king, let the people live in houses, plant fields, have plenty of food and clothing, receive education, know etiquette and justice, and make them submit. "How many people are there in the world" answered the question of "not many people" put forward by Liang at the beginning.

The thoughts and opinions expressed by Mencius in the article.

First of all, Mencius opposed the endless war between princes, and the sentence "Wang is belligerent, please use the metaphor of war" fully revealed this idea.

Secondly, Mencius believed that people should benefit from it and have the opportunity to recuperate. He believes that Liang's "intention" to the people is far from enough. This is just the difference between "one hundred steps" and "fifty steps" and other countries' dissatisfaction with collecting money from the people.

Thirdly, Mencius showed Liang his ideal of governing the people, specifically, to let the people have a house of five acres, a field of one hundred acres and a dolphin of chickens and dogs.

Moreover, Mencius attached great importance to enlightenment and put forward the idea of "keeping order". His highest ideal is that CoCo Lee "eats meat with clothes and silk" and "is neither hungry nor cold".

Finally, Mencius further pointed out on the basis of his own argument that Liang, as the supreme ruler, has an unshirkable responsibility in the face of the social reality that the upper class is extravagant and wasteful and the people are hungry and cold.

On the characteristics of Mencius' prose from this article

1. Clever metaphor, twists and turns.

When talking about a problem, first hide the main idea, and gradually lead to this topic from people on the side, the opposite side and the periphery. If the original intention is to talk about benevolent government, but first use war as a metaphor, from the opposite side, so that Liang unconsciously followed him. In this way, the article is like a winding path; The literary trend is ups and downs, not stagnant.

2. The logic is rigorous and in-depth.

On the surface, the article is rambling, but in fact, the logic is clear, the paragraphs are clear and the levels are orderly. If you ask questions first and then analyze the reasons, the following measures, starting from the king, implementing the king, and implementing benevolent government, are all in-depth and interlocking.

3. The writing is rich and vivid, full of rationality.

Make good use of appropriate metaphors, powerful arrangements, exquisite words and sentences. Odd sentences and even sentences, monosyllabic sentences and compound sentence are used alternately, with flexible and confident brushwork and sharp and aggressive conversation. This article is full of eloquence.